介词与冠词专题复习.ppt

1、介词与冠词专题,名校通 初中英语语法复习,执教老师:樊老师 2011 年 06月07 日,1,介 词 prepositions,介词与冠词专题,【考点直击】,常用介词或词组的主要用法和意义； 2. 掌握名词、动词、形容词和介词的搭配。,（1）表时间的介词,(1) at, in, on,(2) since, for,(3) in, after,（3）表示方式的介词,1) at, in 2) in, on 3) in, on, to两地的位置关系,4) over, above, on,5) across, through,6) in front of, in the front of,7) in,

2、 with, by,（2）表示地点的介词,(1) in, with, by,(2) as, like,介词与冠词专题,2. 常用介词的用法,（1）表时间的介词,at, in, on,表示时间点、节日、三餐时间用at。 表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。,例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight, at sunset,例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the morning, i

3、n the afternoon等。,例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on the morning of June 1st, on a cold winter afternoon 等。,介词与冠词专题,1. The old man lives alone. He never goes out _ a cold evening. A. inB. onC. atD. for 2. I havent seen your English teacher recently. Where is he now? - Oh, hes studying in London. I hear h

4、e will be back _ a few days. A. inB. onC. atD. for 3. The baby was badly ill. He often cried _ midnight these days. A. inB. onC. atD. for,介词与冠词专题,1. The old man lives alone. He never goes out _ a cold evening. A. inB. onC. atD. for 2. I havent seen your English teacher recently. Where is he now? - O

5、h, hes studying in London. I hear he will be back _ a few days. A. inB. onC. atD. for 3. The baby was badly ill. He often cried _ midnight these days. A. inB. onC. atD. for,B,A,C,介词与冠词专题,4. Mr. Brown has taught French in that school for 10 years since he came to Nanjing _ 1990. A. inB. onC. atD. for

6、 5. We have been close friends _ a long time. We never quarreled with each other. A. inB. onC. atD. for,介词与冠词专题,4. Mr. Brown has taught French in that school for 10 years since he came to Nanjing _ 1990. A. inB. onC. atD. for 5. We have been close friends _ a long time. We never quarreled with each

7、other. A. inB. onC. at D. for,A,D,介词与冠词专题,(2) since, for,与现在完成时连用, 使用延续性动词,用how long提问。 since two weeks ago = for two weeks,(3) in, after,in +一段时间, 与将来时态连用,用how soon提问 after+一点时间，与将来时/过去时连用； after+一段时间，与过去时态连用,She will be back _ two days. She will be back _ two oclock. _ two days, she came back.,in,

8、after,After,介词与冠词专题,（2）表示地点的介词,1）at, in,at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内。,例如： He arrived _ Shanghai yesterday. They arrived _a small village before dark. _ the bus stop, he met a friend of his. _ Japan, many girl students wear skirts in winter.,in,at,At,In,介词与冠词专题,2) in, on in往往表示“在某个物体的内部”; on往往表示“在某个物体的表面

9、”。 The teacher put up a picture _ the wall. There are two small windows _ the wall. in往往表示外来的物体； on往往表示本身生长的东西,如花,叶,果实等。 There are two birds _ the tree. The flowers _ the tree are very beautiful.,on,in,in,on,介词与冠词专题,3) in, on, to两地的位置关系 in在范围之内。 on在范围之外，两地接壤。 to在范围之外，不相邻。,Japan is _ the east of Chin

10、a. Henan is _ the west of Shandong. Nanjing is _ the south of Jiangsu.,to,on,in,介词与冠词专题,4) over, above, on,over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是_。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是_。 on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。,例如： There is a bridge _ the river. We flew _ the clouds. They put some flowers _ the teachers desk. He lives t

11、wo floors _ me.,over,above,on,above,below,under,介词与冠词专题,6. The dark clouds were right _ us. We were so frightened at that time. A. over B. onC. under D. below 7. The plane was flying a few feet _ the sea. A. onB. aboveC. in front ofD. up 8. Look at your dirty shirt. There is a big stain(污点) just _ t

12、he pocket. A. down B. below C. on D. up,介词与冠词专题,6. The dark clouds were right _ us. We were so frightened at that time. A. over B. onC. under D. below 7. The plane was flying a few feet _ the sea. A. onB. aboveC. in front ofD. up 8. Look at your dirty shirt. There is a big stain(污点) just _ the pocke

13、t. A. down B. below C. on D. up,A,B,B,介词与冠词专题,over,over,through,through,across,across,5) over, across, through,选择适当的介词填空： The dog ran _ the grass. They walked _ the forest. The boy swam _ the river. I pushed _ the crowds. The sun shines _ the window.,介词与冠词专题,选择适当的介词填空： The dog ran _ the grass. They

14、walked _ the forest. The boy swam _ the river. I pushed _ the crowds. The sun shines _ the window.,across,across,through,through,through,介词与冠词专题,6) in front of, in the front of,in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外； in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。,例如： There are some tall trees _ the building. The teac

15、her is standing _ the classroom, giving us a lesson.,in front of,in the front of,介词与冠词专题,“用”,in 语言 with 具体工具 by 方式，方法,Can you express yourself _ French? They kept animals away _ fire. _ showing us the beauty of nature, Hepburn wanted to remind us that we should protect the environment.,in,with,By,（3

16、）表示方式的介词,(1) in, with, by,介词与冠词专题,（4）其他介词,with 和一起 用 有(特征) 戴(花,手表) 伴随 2) 从到 在和之间,fromto,betweenand,介词与冠词专题,3. 介词的固定搭配,（1）介词与动词的搭配,listen _ , laugh_, get _/ _, wait _, look _/_, turn _/_/_/_, sb. look nice _ sth., sth. look nice _sb., hear _, worry _, think _, pay_, spend_, come up _, work _, thanks

17、_ sb., thank sb. _ sth., buy_ know_, learn _, lend_, borrow_, complain _ sb._ sth., say hello _ sb., compare _ 等。,to,at,on off,for,for after,on off up down,in,on,about/of,about,of,for,on,with,out,to,for,about,from,to,from,to,about,for,to,with,介词与冠词专题,（2）介词与名词的搭配,_/_ time, _ bus, _ foot, _ pleasure,

18、_ ones way to, _ trouble, _ breakfast, _ the end of, _ the end, _ holiday, _ ones help, good luck _ sb. _ sth., _ red, _ business等。,in on,by,on,with,on,in,at,at,in,on,with,to,with,in,on,介词与冠词专题,（3）介词与形容词的搭配,be late _, be afraid _, be good _, do well _,be interested _, be full _, be angry/satisfied _

19、 sb., be sorry _, be strict _sb. _ sth., be famous _/_, be different _, be grateful/thankful _ ab. 等。,for,of,at,in,in,of,with,for,with,in,for as,from,to,介词与冠词专题,4. to作介词的短语,把奉献给 期望 注意 习惯于 喜欢胜过,devote to,look forward to,pay attention to,be used to,prefer to,介词与冠词专题,中考题实战练兵,(10南京) Marie Curie, the fir

20、st woman to win the Nobel Prize, was born _ November, 1867, in the city of Warsaw in Poland. A.atB.onC.inD.to (10连云港) 2.Liu Xiang came third _ the 110-metre-hurdle race last month in Shanghai. A.inB.fromC.acrossD.through (10淮安) 3.People along the streets were all cheering when the Olympic torch pass

21、ed _ the city. A.throughB.opposite C.over,中考题实战练兵,(10南京) Marie Curie, the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, was born _ November, 1867, in the city of Warsaw in Poland. A.atB.onC.inD.to (10连云港) 2.Liu Xiang came third _ the 110-metre-hurdle race last month in Shanghai. A.inB.fromC.acrossD.through (1

22、0淮安) 3.People along the streets were all cheering when the Olympic torch passed _ the city. A.throughB.opposite C.over,C,A,A,介词与冠词专题,(08宿迁) 4.Shanghai lies _ the east of China and _ the northeast of Guangdong. A.in;toB.in;inC.to;toD.to;in (07苏州) 5.It was a great day but we did not enjoy it _ the beg

23、inning. A. onB. forC. withD. at (07镇江) 6.Our school sports meeting will start_ the morning of next Saturday. A. on B. at C. in D. to,(08宿迁) 4.Shanghai lies _ the east of China and _ the northeast of Guangdong. A.in;toB.in;inC.to;toD.to;in (07苏州) 5.It was a great day but we did not enjoy it _ the beg

24、inning. A. onB. forC. withD. at (07镇江) 6.Our school sports meeting will start_ the morning of next Saturday. A. on B. at C. in D. to,D,A,A,介词与冠词专题,7._the money that Mr Brown_, poor Mary could go back to school again. A. In; offered B. With; offered C. In; was offered D. With; was offered (07南通) 8.Ye

25、sterday morning Tom hurried to class _ his schoolbooks, so he had to share Marys. A. without B. for C. with D. past (07淮安) 9.Mum, would you please_ me_ my homework? OK, Im coming. A. to help ; do B. help; with C. helping ;to do D. helped; with,7._the money that Mr Brown_, poor Mary could go back to

26、school again. A. In; offered B. With; offered C. In; was offered D. With; was offered (07南通) 8.Yesterday morning Tom hurried to class _ his schoolbooks, so he had to share Marys. A. without B. for C. with D. past (07淮安) 9.Mum, would you please_ me_ my homework? OK, Im coming. A. to help ; do B. help

27、; with C. helping ;to do D. helped; with,B,A,B,(07徐州) 10. You can call me _ Saturday morning. Ill be at home then. A. in B. onC. at D. of (06徐州) 11. Thanks_ the Great Green Wall, the land produces more crops A. by B. of C. for D. to (06泰州) 12.Dad, look at the building. It is on fire. -Call 119_the m

28、obile phone right now. A. in B. by C. on D. with,(07徐州) 10. You can call me _ Saturday morning. Ill be at home then. A. in B. onC. at D. of (06徐州) 11. Thanks_ the Great Green Wall, the land produces more crops A. by B. of C. for D. to (06泰州) 12.Dad, look at the building. It is on fire. -Call 119_the

29、 mobile phone right now. A. in B. by C. on D. with,D,D,B,(06连云港) 13.-Why did you all go swimming _Tom? -Because he was ill at home. A.with B.besides C.beside D.except (06南京) 14.After class, I like playing computer games and chatting _my friends_the Internet. A.to, by B.with, on C.for, in D.about, th

30、rough,介词与冠词专题,(06连云港) 13.-Why did you all go swimming _Tom? -Because he was ill at home. A.with B.besides C.beside D.except (06南京) 14.After class, I like playing computer games and chatting _my friends_the Internet. A.to, by B.with, on C.for, in D.about, through,D,B,介词与冠词专题,冠词Article,36,介词与冠词专题,冠词是虚

31、词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。,不定冠词,1)泛指人、事或物的类别。,2)泛指某人或某事物.,3)表示one或every,但概念上没有它们那样 强烈.,4)用于某些固定词组中.,A horse runs faster than a sheep.,An old man

32、is sitting on the chair.,Every elephant has a long nose.,a few, a bit , a lot of, at a time,介词与冠词专题,5)用在某些抽象名词前,表示 “一种,一类,一份, 一场,一阵,She was caught in a heavy rain. It was a wonderful tea. That is a great disappointment.,介词与冠词专题,不定冠词的位置 考题点击1 _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Os

33、car. (2002上海春) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting,不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列词之后： such，what，many，half，如： I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.,介词与冠词专题,不定冠词的位置 考题点击1 _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (

34、2002上海春) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting,D,不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列词之后： such，what，many，half，如： I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.,一、不定冠词的用法,例1 Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /,分析 a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物

35、中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。,一、不定冠词的用法,例1 Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /,分析 a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。,A,介词与冠词专题,例2 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an,分析 在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读

36、音是辅音音素，应用a。,介词与冠词专题,例2 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an,分析 在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。,A,归纳：1. a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素, u发音是ju:或ju时前面用冠词a, u读时前面用冠词an。,2. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：f , h, l, m, n, r, s, x。 There is an “R”

37、 in the word. This is a European country. This is a one-eyed dog.,例3 Tom is _ honest boy. We all like him. A. a B. an C. the D. /,介词与冠词专题,例3 Tom is _ honest boy. We all like him. A. a B. an C. the D. /,B,例4 -Why not take _ friend with you? -Thats _ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a,

38、分析 使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。,介词与冠词专题,例4 -Why not take _ friend with you? -Thats _ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a,分析 使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。,A,介词与冠词专题,例5 Take the medicine three times _ day. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 使用不定冠词表示单位，fifty miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次

39、”。,例5 Take the medicine three times _ day. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 使用不定冠词表示单位，fifty miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次”。,A,例6_ steel worker makes steel. A. / B. A C. This D. That,分析 a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类人有三种式： The bike is slower than the car. A bike is slowe

40、r than a car. Bikes are slower than cars.,例6_ steel worker makes steel. A. / B. A C. This D. That,分析 a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类人有三种式： The bike is slower than the car. A bike is slower than a car. Bikes are slower than cars.,B,例7Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking

41、 after him. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。,例7Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。,A,例8Mary takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C. / D. one,分析 give, take, have与一些动词

42、名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look) make a living (promise) take a swim (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile),例8Mary takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C. / D. one,分析 give, take, have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look) make a living (promise) take a swi

43、m (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile),B,例9 The old woman had _ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this,分析抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。 It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can be made into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper.,例9 The old woman had _ fire in

44、her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this,分析抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。 It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can be made into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper.,C,定冠词,1)表示某一或某些特定的上下文中提到的人或物,2)指说话人和听话人都知道的人或事物.,The boys in this school wear blue skirts. There is a book o

45、n the desk. The book is Johns.,Close the door, please.,3)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词之前.,4)用于表示方位的名词之前,5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前,以及对 两人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前.,the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky,the east, the southeast, the right, the left,the first, the second, the tallest, the most important, the taller of t

46、he two boys,6)用于形容词或过去分词之前,使其名词化,表示一类人.,7)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前,表示国家,党派, 组织机构,报刊,条约,朝代,江,河,湖,海,山川,群岛.,8)用于复数姓氏之前,表示 “夫妇” 或 “全家”,9)用于单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或物,the rich, the poor, the wounded,the Yellow River, the Tang Dynasty,the Smiths 史密斯夫妇，史密斯一家,The horse is a useful animal.,10)用于演奏的乐器前.,11)用于世纪的某个年代前,12) 用于表示发

47、明物的名词前.,13)用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前,泛指全体,这些 词常以-sh, -ch, -ese结尾.,14)用于表示数量的名词前.,Do you like playing the violin?,in the 1920s,Who invented the telephone?,the English, the French, the Chinese,They sold eggs by the dozen. They were paid by the hour.,17)用于某些习惯用语中,on the other hand, in the daytime,16）与复数名词连用，指整个

48、群体： They are the teachers of this school. (指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师),15）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位 的名词前： She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。,定冠词的位置 He did it _ it took me. (2003北京) A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time,定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在

49、all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。 All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。,定冠词的位置 He did it _ it took me. (2003北京) A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time,D,定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。 All

50、 the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。,例There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,二、定冠词的用法,例There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone

51、. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,B,二、定冠词的用法,例 _ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,分析 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.,例 _ old

52、workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,分析 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.,A,例3 _ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B. A C. One D. An,分析 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。 Mary is the third to come in.,例3 _ first one sat down a

53、nd the second stood up. A. The B. A C. One D. An,分析 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。 Mary is the third to come in.,A,例 Winter is _ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C. / D. so,分析形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词前均要加 the。 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.,介词与冠词专题,例 Winter is _ coldest season of the year. A. a

54、B. the C. / D. so,分析形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词前均要加 the。 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.,B,介词与冠词专题,例 _ moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun. A. The, the, the B. A, an, a C. The, an, the D. The, the, a,分析 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。,介词与冠词专题,例 _ moon moves around _ earth,

55、 and they both are smaller than _ sun. A. The, the, the B. A, an, a C. The, an, the D. The, the, a,分析 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。,A,介词与冠词专题,例 We live in _ south of China. A. the B. / C. a D. some,分析 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。 The sun rises in the east.,介词与冠词专题,例 We live in _ south of China. A. the B. / C. a D.

56、some,分析 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。 The sun rises in the east.,A,介词与冠词专题,例 _ Browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A. / B. The C. Mr. D. A,分析 the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,介词与冠词专题,例 _ Browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A. / B. The C. Mr. D. A,分析 the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,B,例 He will go to see you off at _ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D. /,分析the普通名词构成专有名词。 the United States / the United Nations / the Peoples Republic of China / the House of Commons (Lords) / the Great Wall,介词与冠词专题,例 He will go to see you off at _ Railway Station. A. a B