专题复习---非谓语动词.ppt

1、第二部分 专题-非谓语动词,全品高考复习方案,非谓语动词指动词不定式、V-ing 和V-ed形式。请看下表(以动词do为例)： 非谓语动词 主 动 被 动 一般式 完成式 一般式 完成式 不定式to do to have done to be done to have been done V-ing形式doing having done being done having been done V-ed形式 done ,全品高考复习方案,非谓语动词均不能在句中单独作谓语，但可以作句子的其他成分。 请看下表： 非谓语动词 主语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语 不定式 V-ing形式 V-ed形式 ,全品高

2、考复习方案,说明：V-ing 形式包括两大类：一类称为现在分词，另一类称为动名词。为了应对高考，一定要弄清非谓语动词在句中所起的功能上的区别。 (一)作主(宾)语时 1.不定式作主语表示一个未来的、具体的动作。 To readize your aim is not easy if you dont work hard. 假如你不努力工作，实现目标是不易的。,全品高考复习方案,2.动名词做主语表示一般的、经常性的动作。 Speaking English is very important for English study,so to speak English every day is nec

3、essary. 英语口语对英语学习是非常重要的，因此有必要每天都练一练英语口语。 I like swimming but I dont like to swim today. 我（平时）喜欢游泳，可是今天不想去游泳。,全品高考复习方案,(二)动词接不定式或动名词的特殊用法 1.下列动词和短语后面只能接不定式： agree, ask, arrange, choose, determine, dare, agree, demand, expect,elect, fail, hope, long, manage, offer, plan, promise, pretend, refuse, seem

4、, want, wish, should / would like / love,全品高考复习方案,2.下列动词和短语后面只能接V-ing形式 admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep(on), mind, miss, practise, suggest, be / become / get used to, be worth, devote oneself to, feel like, get down to, give up, insist on, look forward to, prefer.to

5、.,put off, etc. 3.下列动词和短语后面接不定式或V-ing形式都可以，但是意义有所不同： forget, go on, mean, remember, regret, stop, try, etc.,全品高考复习方案,4.need, require, want三个动词都有相同的意思，也有两种相同的用法 主语是动作的承受者时，宾语可以是V-ing形式，也可以是不定式的被动式。如： The house needs / wants / requires repairing. to be repaired.,(三)作宾补时 1.不定式作宾补时，强调动作的全过程。像feel， see,

6、look at, notice, observe, watch， listen to, hear等表示感觉、感官的动词（短语）和have, let，make 等“使役动词” 后面接不带to 的不定式。但上述这类结构变成被动语态时，to一定不能省略。 I heard him sing two foreign songs. 我听见他唱了两首外国歌曲。 Paul doesnt have to be made to study. He always works hard. Paul一贯学习努力，所以他没有必要被迫去学习,全品高考复习方案,2.V-ing形式作宾补时，强调动作的主动、正在进行。 I he

7、ard him singing two foreign songs. 我听见他在唱两首外国歌曲。 3.V-ed形式作宾补时，强调动作的被动、完成。 I heard two foreign songs sung (by him). He was disappointed to find his suggestion turned down. 当他发现自己的建议被拒绝时，他感到失望。,全品高考复习方案,(四)作定语时 1.不定式作定语通常表示未发生的、带情态意义的或已完成的动作。如： (1) Who is the woman to teach us geography next year? =Wh

8、o is the woman that will teach us geography next year? (2) Jenny is the proper person to do the job well. =Jenny is the proper person that can do the job well.,全品高考复习方案,(3) The first people to settle in America were from Europe. =The first people that settled in America were from Europe.,2.动名词作定语表示它

9、所修饰的名词的用途。如： a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池 a dining car = a car for dining 餐车 而现在分词作定语表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的、主动的动作。如： a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的小孩 a woman reading over there = a woman that is reading over there 一位正在那边读书的妇女,全品高考复习方案,3.V-ed作定语表示一个被动的、完成的动作。如： the films deve

10、loped yesterday 昨天（被）冲的胶卷 a developed country 一个发达的（发展过了的）国家,全品高考复习方案,(五)作状语时 1.不定式常作目的和结果状语，而且多出现在in order to. , so as to., so.as to., too.to., .enough to .等结构中。如： She worked hard so as not to fail in the exam. He is so strong as to lift a heavy box very easily. I got up early enough to catch the 6

11、50 train.,全品高考复习方案,2.V-ing形式和V-ed形式常作时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状语。 作时间、原因、条件状语时，可以改写成相应的状语从句；作方式和伴随状语时，相当于一个并列谓语。如： (1) Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. = If the trees had been given more attention, they could have grown better. (2) The students entered the lecture hall, following their

12、teacher. = The students followed their teacher and entered the lecture hall.,能力思维方法 【例1】 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it. 2002全国统考题 A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,【解析】remains 前面的it 是形式主语，whether 引导的从句是主语从句，是真正的主语。 remai

13、n后接to do sth. 作表语；因要填入的see与whether 引导的主语从句存在动宾关系，也就是主被动关系，所以要用to be seen作remains的表语。答案：B。,【例2】 The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it. 2002全国统考题 A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,【解析】begin可以是不及物动词，意思是“开始”；也可以是及 物动词，意思是“着手”。本题要表达的句意是：“这项研究计划设计得那么好，一旦着手研究

14、，就没有什么地方要更改的了。” once begun 是 once it is begun 的省略。答案：D。,【例3】From his_ look on his face, the price of meat_ .1996全国统考题 A. disappointed; has been raised B. disappointed; has been risen C. disappointing; has raised D. disappointing; has been risen,解析】他的脸上表情反映出他被动的、“感到失望”的心态，所以应该用disappointed，而不是disappo

15、inting表“令人失望的”。raise 为及物动词， rise 为不及物动词，has been raised=has risen 。答案：A。,【例4】 When I got back home, I saw a message pinned to the door_ “ Sorry to miss you; will call later.” 1999全国统考题 A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading,【解析】本题考查V-ing 形式作定语，reading 相当于定语从句“which read.(内容读来如下)”，修饰说明先行词message，而不是修

16、饰door。这句话的意思是：“当我回到家的时候，我看到一封短信用别针别在门上。短信内容读来如下：很遗憾没见到你；以后再来拜访你。”答案：D。,【例5】 The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. 1994全国统考题 A. having added B. added C. adding D. to add,【解析】adding在句中作伴随状语，相当于一个并列谓语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，且二者之间是主动关系。这句话的意思是：“来访的部长对于会

17、谈表示满意，随后又补充说他在此逗留期间很开心。” 答案：C。,【例6】_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 1996全国统考题 A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose,【解析】从句意可以看出，要填入的词与in thought一起作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句“Because he was lost in thought”。be lost in thought的意思是“陷入沉思”答案：C。,全品高考复习方案,【例7】 The patient was warned _oil

18、y food after the operation. 1996全国统考题 A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating,【解析】warn sb. (not, never) to do sth.的意思是“告诫某人（不 / 决不）要做某事”。注意：不定式的否定结构应把not 放在to do的前面。答案：C。,【例8】 I can hardly imagine Peter_across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 1994全国统考题 A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D

19、. to have sailed,【解析】imagine 后面只能接V-ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式以及由不定式构成的复合宾语。题中Peter是sailing的逻辑主语， 构成V-ing形式的复合结构，作imagine的宾语。答案：C。,全品高考复习方案,【例9】 Dont use words, expressions or phrases_ only to people with special knowledge. 2002高考上海 A. being known B. having known C. to be known D. known,【解析】know与words, expressions or phrases