U1P3 Grammar.ppt

1、the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses，unit 1 grammar，1定语从句一般紧接在它修饰的先行词之后。先行词：由定语从句修改的单词叫先行词。定语从句，3 .关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词是that、which、who、whom、whose、as等。关系副词有when、where、why等。关系词一般起到以下三种茄子的作用：a .柔道定语从句。b .负责先行词替代c .定语从句的组成部分。the teacher told me that Tom was the only per

2、son that I could depend on。老师说汤姆是我唯一能依靠的人。His mother，who loves him very much，is strict with him。他妈妈很爱他，对他很严格。限制属性子句Restrictive Attributive Clause，郑智薰限制属性子句non-Restrictive Attributive Clause，can you tell the difference between restriction两者性质相同，但在意义和用法上有很多差异。1.限制性定语是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。减去后，主句的意思不完整或失去意义。这

3、种定语从句和咒语的关系很密切，写文章时不用逗号分隔。例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited。我是办公室里唯一被邀请的人。he has found the hammer that he was looking for .他找到了他在找的锤子。2 .没有限制的定语与从句的关系不太密切，但只是附加或补充到先行词的说明，不能起到限制的作用。省略的话，周节的意思仍然清晰完整。非限制性定语从句是对意义相当明确的先行词的补充，是不能限制的作用。这种定语在写句子的时候多用逗号和主句。示例：last week I met John，who se

4、emed to be very excited。上周见到约翰，他好像很兴奋。The project，which lasted two years，cost five million dollars。牙齿项目两年花了500万美元。3 .非限制性定语从句只提供对所提到的人或事物的进一步说明或说明，其形式是从句，但功能上等同于一个从句，意义上相当于一条鲨鱼，可以根据句子的意思换成平行句或状语从句。示例：the meeting，which was held in the park，was attended by 1000 people . the meeting was attended by 100

5、0 people，and it was heeple I dont我不喜欢牙齿男孩。因为他太懒了。4 .关系代词who，whom，which在限制性定语从句中说动词的宾语时经常可以省略，但在非限制性定语从句中可以渡边杏省略。需要注意的是，关系代词that可以诱导限制性定语从句，但一般不能诱导限制性定语。示例：I know the man (whom) you mean。我认识你指的那个人。I happened to meet Li hong，whom I didnt recognize at once。我偶然遇见了李红，但没有立即认出她。These apple trees，which I pl

6、anted three years ago，have not borne any fruit。牙齿苹果树是我三年前种的苹果树，还没有结果。(不能将which更改为THAT)，5 .限制性定语对先行词起限制作用，非限制性定语对先行词起补充说明的作用，因此两者的意义往往不同。例如His Brother、Who Is Eighteen Years Old、ISA Plaman。他哥哥是解放军战士，现年18岁。his Brother who is eighteen years old is a plaman。他18岁的哥哥是解放军。(说明他有另一个哥哥)，All the books there，whi

7、ch have beautiful pictures in them，were written by him。那里的所有书都是他写的，书里附有精美的插图。all the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him。那里附有插图的所有书都是他写的。(没有插图的书暗示不是他写的)，非限制性定语从句要注意以下几点：第一，非限制性定语通常不能引导that。1.I like the book，which was bought yesterday。我喜欢牙齿书。这是昨天买的。2.I like the book

8、which/that was bought yesterday。我喜欢昨天买的那本书。第二，非限制性定语不能引导why，必须用for which代替why。1.I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting。我已经告诉了他们原因，所以我没有茄子开会。2.I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting .我告诉他们我不茄子开会的原因。(有限的定语从句“the reason why .”是常见的搭配。)，第三，没有限制的定语放在句子开头时不能引导whi

9、ch。关系代词as引导不受限制的定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放在主句之前或主句之后。1.As I expected，he didnt believe me。正如我所料，他不相信我。2.she heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth。她听到可怕的声音，把她的心放在了喉咙里。第四，不受限制的定语由“介词关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能使用as。1.he bought the car for more than $20，000，with which his father was angry。他买了两万多美元的牙齿车

10、，他父亲对此很画家。2.I finished my work ahead of time，after which I sat some time reading the news paper。我提前下班，坐下来看了一会儿报纸。第五，在非限制性定语从句中，将人的关系代词作为宾语时，只能使用whom。不能用Who替换或省略。1.do you know Tom，whom we talked about？你认识汤姆吗？我们谈论了他。2.this book，which you can get at any bookshop，will give you all the information you ne

11、ed。牙齿书提供了在所有书店都能买到的所有必要信息。(在非限制性定语从句中，诱导语在从句中用作宾语，无论指人还是物，都可以省略。)，6，which可以指前面的整个句子。The sun sends out light and heat，which makes it possible for living things to exist on the earth .太阳发出光和热，使生物能在地球上生存。which可以代替句子，未限定的定语用在句子中，但what不能。That不能用于非限定的定语从句。it不是连接者。使用逗号连接的两个句子在英语语法中不通。，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别，限

12、制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别，1。yester day Mr . Lifinally Bought His own house，_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a hospital . a . in where b . to the east of which c . to the east of which cthe football match _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the students competed yesterday was very wonderful . a . in which b . which c . Late again wayhis glam

13、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ he could see nothing，was taken away by a naughty boy . a . which b . without which c . with which d . the probleet d . a . that b . what c . why d . for which，9 .on the way home I met my friend John，From _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home the thief had stolen a computer . a . whom b . which c . that

14、 d . whomehere are the farmers。they discovered to，2 .she got so angry . I dont know the reason .here are the farmers who discovered the under ground city last month。I dont know the reason why she got so angry，3 .ST Petersburg is a very beautiful city . it was once called Leningrad。4.I remember the soldier . he told me not to tell any one what I had seen，ST Petersburg is a very beautiful city，which was