必修5知识点.ppt

1、Unit 1 Great scientists,核心单词 1. characteristic n.特色；特性；典型 adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的 Kindness is one of his characteristics. 和善是他的特性之一。 A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water. 骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。,He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at

2、its best when he worked with others. （201001山东德州检测） A. Characteristic B. character C. Appearance D. temper,解析:选B。句意为：他证明自己是个真正的绅士，和别人一起工作的时候，他的性格总表现出最好的一面。character作名词时，表示“性格；特点”，一般是不可数名词；characteristic是可数名词，常用复数形式，表示“总的特点”。,易混辨析 character/characteristic character n.性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符 characte

3、ristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的） 高手过招 单项填空,2. defeat vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空 Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0. 我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。 He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。 易混辨析 defeat/conquer/overcome 三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。 defeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其指军事上的胜利，如：defeat the enemy(打败敌人)。 conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制，如：conque

4、r nature（征服自然）。 overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”，如：overcome difficulties（克服困难）。,defeat/beat/win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/团队 win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/fr

5、iendship/reward .赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏 高手过招 选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win） （原创） By not working hard enough you your own purpose. Some countries may be but can never be . Who is the drum? He the first prize in the writing contest.,答案:defeated defeated; conquered beating won,3. attend v. 注意；留意；

6、处理(与to连用)=do with； 出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after 常用结构： attend school/college 上学/上大学 attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议 attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼 attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料 Well attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。 Which doctor is attending you? 哪个医生为你看病?,高手过招 翻译句子 （原创） 他们在我们不在时管理事

7、务。 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。,答案：They attended our affairs during our absence. He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.,4. expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。 常用结构： expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露于 be exposed to 暴露于 D

8、ont expose it to the rain/wind.别让它被雨淋/风吹。 The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemys fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。 The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。,高手过招 用expose的适当形式填空（原创） In summer, the sun can be very harmful to your skin. The so

9、il was washed away by the flood, bare rock. 答案: being exposed to exposing,5. cure vt. through B. reason; into C. cause; through D. cause; into 解析: 选D。考查短语辨析。look out向外看；look into 调查；look at看；look over从上看过去。 选D。cause的意思是“起因”；look into的意思是“调查”。,11. apart from 除之外；脱离开；此外 Apart from a few faults，he is a

10、 trustworthy teacher. 除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师。 Apart from being too large, the trousers dont suit me. 除了太长，这条裤子的款式也不适合我。 There can be no knowledge apart from practice. 没有知识能脱离实践。,易混辨析 apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except that apart from表示“除外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但ap

11、art from还有“除以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。 except“除”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词,表示“并且，而且”。 but for表示“如果不是由于”之意（=If it were not for.或If it had not been for.）。 in addition to 相当于besides，表示“除之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）。 except that后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节。,高手过招 （1）单项填空 English, t

12、he speaker also has a good command of Russian and French. （201001河北石家庄检测） A. Except B. Except for C. Beside D. Apart from （2）用apart from/except for/except/except that/besides填空 （原创） We go there every day Monday. He is a good man his bad temper. Your article is good there are some spelling mistakes.

13、the cost, it will take a lot of time. that, everything goes well.,(1)解析:选D。 apart from相当于besides，意思是“除外，还有”。except表示“除，不包括在内”，从后面的also看，应用besides或apart from。 (2)except except for/apart from except that Apart from/Besides Apart from/Except for,12. make sense 讲得通；有道理；有意义(反义词组make no sense) Your story

14、doesnt make sense to me. 你编的故事我听不明白。 It makes good sense to take good care of your health. 照顾好你的身体是明智的。,联想拓展 lose/recover ones sense=be out of ones sense 失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智 bring sb. to ones sense 使某人苏醒过来 come to ones sense 苏醒过来 make sense of 理解；明白 make no sense 没有道理；没有意义 in a/one sense 从某种意义来说 in all

15、sense 从任何意义上说 in no sense 绝不是；绝非 There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。,高手过招 单项填空 What he says makes no to her. （201001山东济南模块检测） A. Care B. sense C. Interest D. meaning The poem is hard to understand. Can you make of this poem? （201001辽宁大连检测） A. Idea B. knowledge C. Sense D. Understanding 解析: 选B。ma

16、ke sense为固定搭配，意思是“起作用，有意义”。 选C。make sense of sth.“理解或弄懂困难的或无法理解的事物”。另外，sense还可作动词，意为“意识到(某事物)；感觉到”。,重点句型 13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。 本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当”，相当于“when”。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。So many thousa

17、nds of terrified people died是主句。,联想拓展 类似的时间状语归纳： each time每次；每当 at the time在那个时候；（当）的时候 any/next/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。 She went to see him directly she got the letter. 她一收到信就去看

18、他了。 Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio. 一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了。 She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一听说发生了事故，就立刻赶到了现场。 The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。,高手过招 （1）单项填空 She said to me, “Ill tell you the result of test I know

19、it.” （201001陕西师大附中检测） A. Because B. the moment C. After D. though （2）同义句转换 （原创） I gave Mary the money when I saw her. I gave Mary the money I saw her. 解析： （1）选B。the moment意为“一就”，相当于as soon as。类似用法的连词还有: the minute/instant; instantly/immediately/directly等。 (2)the minute/the moment,14. He placed a fix

20、ed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it . 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转 此句中“with+宾语+宾语补足语(v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj./adv./prep. phrases)”构成的复合结构在句中常用作状语，表示方式，原因或条件等。 With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在这位老人的带领下，我们开始向森林进发。 She ran and ran with be

21、ads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。,高手过招 翻译句子 老师微笑着走进教室，身后跟着一群小朋友。 随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了。 答案：With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile. With the test finished, we began our holiday.,Unit 2 The United Kingdom,核心单词 1. convenience n.便利;方便 联想拓展 incon

22、venience n. 不方便 convenient adj. 便利的;适宜的 conveniently adv. 便利地，方便地 常用结构： at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候 for ones convenience(of) 为了某人的方便 for conveniences sake 为了方便起见 make a convenience of 利用,We bought this house for its convenience. 我们买下这所房子是为了方便。 Please come at your convenience. 请在你方便的时候来。 Gas is one

23、of the conveniences the newlybuilt apartment building provides. 这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等设备。,高手过招 （1）单项填空 Come and see me whenever . （201001江苏南京检测） A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you （2）翻译句子 （原创） 你如果方便就来看看我。 你明天方便开始工作吗? 解析：(1) 选C。convenien

24、t的主语不可以是人，排除A、B两项。whenever引导的是时间状语从句，其谓语动词要用一般现在时，不可以用一般将来时。 (2)Come and see me if it is convenient to you. Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?,2. arrange v. 安排；排列；协商 常用结构： arrange for 安排,准备 arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事 The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat r

25、ow by his parents.家长要求这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排。 He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class. 他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。,高手过招 翻译句子 （原创） 你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。 他们在秘密地为一场盛大的婚礼做准备。 答案：You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.,3. de

26、light n. 快乐;高兴;喜悦 vt.使高兴； 使欣喜 常用结构: take/find/have delight in 喜爱;以为乐 to ones delight 令某人高兴的是 delight in 嗜好；因感到快乐 Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days. 有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。 The movie Xi Yangyang 脱离；改掉(旧习惯)；破除(旧做法) The thief broke away from the

27、 policeman. 小偷从警察那里逃脱了。 He broke away from all his old friends. 他同所有的老朋友断绝了往来。 You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。 联想拓展 break down 坏掉；打破 break into 闯入；打断(话题) break into pieces 成为碎片 break out 爆发 break through 突围；突破 break up 分解;结束；放假 break in 闯入；插话 break off 中止；中断高手过招,高手过招 （1）单项填空 News re

28、ports say peace talks between the two countries with no agreement reached. （201001河南镇平检测） A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up He his engagement just before the wedding. （201001河南郑州检测） A. broke out B. broke away from C. broke off D. broke up （2）用适当的介词或副词填空 （原创）

29、Thieves broke the house when the couple were watching TV. A quarrel broke between them. The soldiers broke the enemys defence works. The school has broken for the holidays. Dad would occasionally break with a suggestion. Tom broke the door of our classroom last week.,解析：(1)选A。句意为：据报道，两国和平谈判失败,没有达成任何

30、协议。因此，该空应填have broken down,表示“(和平谈判)失败”。 选C。考查短语辨析。break off(=cease suddenly, discontinue)突然中断，符合句意“就在婚礼前他解除了婚约”。 (2)into out through up in down,9. leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 You have left out the most important word in this sentence. 你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。 Dont leave me out when you invite people to your part

31、y. 当你邀请人们去参加聚会时，别把我漏掉了。,联想拓展 leave for 动身到(某处) leave alone 不管；撇下一个人 leave aside 搁置 leave behind 遗忘；遗留高手过招 高手过招 （1）单项填空 The printer has left two lines from this paragraph.（201001河南洛阳西安检测） A. off B. out C. over D. with （2）用适当的介词或副词填空 （原创） They were left in the wilderness. He was asked to make up the i

32、nformation left by the leader. 解析：(1) 选B。考查词组辨析。leave off表示“停止、中断或脱掉”；leave out表示“漏掉， 忘掉，省略”；leave with常表示“把留给”。句意为：印刷的人在这一段中漏掉了两行。 (2)aloneout,重点句型 10. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries. 没有必要再去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。 there is no need

33、to do sth.没有必要做某事 联想拓展 there is no doubt that. 是毫无疑问的 there is no possibility that. 是没有可能的 theres no point in doing sth. 做没用/没意义 Its no good/ no harm/ no use doing sth.做某事没有好处/害处/用处 theres no use/no good/ no point（in）doing sth. 做某事没有用处/好处/意义 It is no wonder that.难怪 There is no need to worry at all.根

34、本没必要着急。 There is no point in complaining; they never take any notice.埋怨没用，人家根本不理睬。,高手过招 翻译句子 （原创） 我们有必要再去那一趟吗? 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息。 答案： Is there any need for us to go there again? There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.,11. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism shou

35、ld have lived and died in London.这似乎很奇怪：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。 在“It is/was necessary/important/strange/incredible”及“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder”之后由 that引导的主语从句中用“should+v.”的形式，should可省略。此处“should have+v.ed分词”结构用来表示“竟然已经;居然已经”，表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”等。 It is necessary that he（should）be sen

36、t there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。 It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly. 真奇怪，这个轮子竟然转动得如此慢。 It is a great pity/shame/that he should be so conceited. 真遗憾，他竟会这样自高自大。 Im surprised that he should have been so foolish. 我很奇怪，他竟然会这么傻。,高手过招 单项填空 I think Ill give Bob a ring. You . You havent been in

37、touch with him for ages.（201001浙江嘉兴检测） A. Will B. may C. have to D. should fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （201001浙江绍兴检测） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 解析： 选D。should意为“应该”，多表示某事宜做、应当做或必须做，强调主观方面。根据所提供的情景“You havent been i

38、n touch with him for ages”可知，由于多年没有联系，所以应该给Bob打电话。will意为“将”。may意为“可以”。have to意为“不得不”，表示因客观原因不得不做某事。 选B。考查虚拟条件句的倒装。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移至从句的句首，变为倒装。句意为：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他福利也不会立刻中断。,Unit 3 Life in the future,核心单词 1. impression n.印痕；印记；印象；感想 常用结构： have an impression of

39、sth.doing sth. 对(做)某事有印象 make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 make no impression on 对无影响效果 give sb.a favorable impression 给某人留下好印象 an impression of ones foot 某人的脚印 Your performance gave me a strong impression. 你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。 What I said made no impression on him. 我的话对他不起作用。,联想拓展 impress v.留下印象 impress

40、 sth.onupon ones mind 把牢记在心上 高手过招 单项填空 She spoke very confidently because she wanted to make a great on her employer at the first time. A. Influence B. pressure C. Impression D. Effect 解析:选C。make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象。,2. lack v. to B. to perform; to C. performing; with D. to perform; by All

41、the people present agreed that the matter required . （201001山西太原检测） A. to look into B. being looked into C. to be looked D. looking into 解析: 选B。be required to do sth.意为“被要求做某事”。第二个空的to是介词意为“随着，伴着”。 选D。require, want, need表示“需要”，当其主语是动作的承受者时，其后的宾语常用动词不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式。,5. assist vt.出席 常用结构： assist sb.

42、 in/with sth. 帮助(某人)某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助(某人)做某事 assist sb. to do sth. 帮助(某人)做某事 assist with 帮助(照料，做)；在上给予帮助 I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity. 有机会我愿随时帮你。 Im afraid I cant assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。 The headmaster assists with a

43、 lot of things when free. 有空时校长会帮忙做很多事。,高手过招 用assist的相关短语填空 （原创） The young nurse was very nervous when she in her first operation. A team of nurses the doctor performing the operation. She employed a woman to her the housework. Good glasses will you read. 答案：was assisting assisted; in assist; with a

44、ssist; to,重点短语 6. take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力等)；继续 This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。 She has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上老师了。 This chapter takes up where the last one off. 本章继续上一章的内容。 联想拓展 take off 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞；打折；作为折扣而减价 take over 接管；获得对的控制或管理 take apart 拆开；分开后将分成许多部分 take for 把视作；误认为 take.

45、for granted 认为是理所当然 take down 写下；记下 take back 收回(诺言),高手过招 单项填空 In Singapore, a southeastern Asian country, the Chinese people the largest percentage of its population, so you can speak Chinese there. （201001安徽利辛检测） A. make up B. take up C. hold up D. turn up Since the 2008 Olympic Games Beijing has

46、taken a new look everywhere. （201001山西四校检测） Up B. on C. over D. Off 解析: 选A。考查短语辨析。make up编造; 弥补; 组成; 构成；take up拿起来; 占据(时间或空间)；hold up阻止；turn up开大; 调高; 出现。 选B。考查短语辨析。take on呈现; take up拿起; 从事; take off脱下; take over接管。,7. sweep up 打扫；横扫 These students are sweeping up dead leaves. 这些学生们正在扫(拢)落叶。 He ran

47、forward and swept her up into his arms. 他跑上前去一把将她抱在怀里。 The whole country was swept up in the excitement. 全国上下都沉浸在兴奋的气氛中。 Wed better sweep up all the bits of broken glass quickly. 我们最好快点把玻璃碴子扫干净。 联想拓展 sweep aside 放/堆到一边; 不予理会 sweep away 扫清;消灭;彻底消除 sweep off 扫清; 吹走; 大量清除 sweep out 扫掉; 清除 sweep over 将一

48、扫而光; (某种感情)掠过（的心头）,高手过招 用sweep up的适当形式填空 （原创） After the party, the house needed . The leaves were into the air by the strong wind. 答案：sweeping up swept up,重点句型 8. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying,. 这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，,联想拓展 when flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有些表示时间、条件、方式或让步的状语从句

49、中，如果谓语包含动词be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，通常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。 When asked wheres the toilet, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest. 当被问及厕所在哪里时，服务员非常有礼貌地给客人带路。 Until finishing the homework, the child was allowed to watch the cartoon film. 直至完成作业，小孩才允许看卡通片。 If necessary, you can call help from th

50、e police. 有必要时，你可以向警方求助。,高手过招 翻译句子 （原创） 即使被打死，他仍然保守秘密。 可能的话，到机场来接我。 过马路时，孩子们被要求停下观望，再手牵手通过。 答案: Though beaten to death, he still kept the secret. If possible, please come to meet me at the airport. When crossing the road, the children are required to stop to look around and walk hand in hand.,9. .so

51、me chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. 一些椅子就像变魔术一样从地板下面升了起来。 注意：from后面有时可接介词短语或where从句。 from under the floor 从地板下面 联想拓展 from behind the door 从门后面 from under the table 从桌子底下 From under the tree the man kept an eye on the sheep. 那个老人从树下留意着他的羊。,高手过招 单项填空 His head soon appeared out of the w

52、indow, he saw nothing but trees. （201001山西大同检测） Where B. which C. there D. from where 解析:选D。该句是非限制性定语从句，尽管先行词可以表示地点，但句中强调目光的发出地，所以应用介词from+关系副词where。,Unit 4 Making the news,核心单词 1. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的 联想拓展 eager的用法 表示渴望得到某物，后接介词 for, after, about； 表示渴望做某事，后接不定式； 后接 that 从句时，从句谓语一般都用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气结

53、构。 We are all eager for/after/about knowledge. 我们都求知心切。 He is eager for/after/about success. 他渴望成功。 He is eager to go abroad. 他渴望出国。 She is eager to see her parents. 她渴望见到她的父母。 Hes eager that they (should) come to see him. 他很希望他们来看他。,易混辨析 eager/keen/anxious eager 指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目标的”，有时也指“由于其他感情影响而

54、表现急不可耐的”。 keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的”。 anxious 指“热切地希望实现愿望，并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦虑的”。,高手过招 （1）单项填空 He wasnt with what he had gained and wanted to get more. （201001河北唐山检测） A. Proud B. content C. eager D. anxious (2)完成句子（原创） She (渴望) new skills so that she can be qualified for the job. He took a medical exami

55、nation two days ago and now he (渴望) know the result. 解析:(1) 选B。be content with意为“对感到满足”。 (2)is eager for is eager to,2. meanwhile adv. 此时；同时；其间 n. 同时(=meantime) meanwhile意为“同时，在此期间”，作为副词和名词，表示在某动作或情况发生或存在期间将可能发生另一件事。它不用于说明人或事物的另一面。 常用结构： in the meanwhile 在此期间（=in the meantime） Theyll be here soon. M

56、eanwhile well have some coffee. 他们即刻就到，我们现在先喝点咖啡。 Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. 与此同时,我的舌头正忙于寻找被拔牙齿的伤口。 Meanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. 与此同时,另外两位演员把两个盛着食物的大篮子拿到树下荫凉的地方。,高手过招 （1）单项填空 Mother went shopping; , I cleaned the house. （201001河北邯郸检测） A. While B. when C. and when D. meanwhile (2)完成句子 （原创） 简在写信，而与此同时帕特正在看电视。 Jane was writing a letter Pat was watching TV. 解析:(1) 选D。从本句的结构来看，空白处不需要连词，所以选项A、B、C均不正确。 (2)and mean