M4U3被动语态.ppt

1、被动语态,The man _ (call) “Good husband”.,is called,Please fill in the blanks according to the words in the bracket.,The pet dog _ (treat) by a vet.,is being treated,A frog _ (catch) by a big bird just now.,was caught,An argument _ already _ _ (put forward).,has been put forward,何时使用被动语态 ？,1. 不知道或没有必要指明

2、动作的发出者 Many buildings are built in our town. 2. 出于表达的习惯 Yaoming was born in China. 3. 强调动作的承受或被执行 He was taken to hospital immediately. 4. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语 4. He was brought up by a man who was kind and has great expectation,主动语态变成被动语态的方法：,原主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语，谓语部分主动变被动，原主动语态的主语变成介词by后的宾语 （主语）He teaches E

3、nglish(宾语) in this school. English(主语) is taught by him （宾语）in this school.,A动词的被动结构及用法 He writes novels every day. Novels are written (by him) every day. He wrote novels when he was young. Novels were written (by him) when he was young. He is writing a novel now. A novel is being written (by him) n

4、ow. He was writing a novel when I came in. A novel was being written (by him) when I came in.,He will write many novels when he grows up. Many novels will be written when he grows up. He has written many novels since then. Many novels have been written by him since then. He had written many novels b

5、efore he went to university. Many novels had been written by him before he went to university. He promised that he would write more novels. More novels would be written by him as he promised.,The villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.,The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the vi

6、llagers.,A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.,2. 双宾语结构。,We offered people in the flooded areas some food and clothes.,People in the flooded areas were offered some food and clothes.,Some food and clothes were offered to the people in the flooded areas.,B 情态动词的被动结构,情态动词的主动

7、结构 一般式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need do 完成式 must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need have done,情态动词的被动结构 一般式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need be done 完成式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need have been done,We must take measures to prote

8、ct our environment. Measures must be taken to protect our environment. You ought to water the flowers twice a day. The flowers ought to be watered twice a day,C. 不定式的被动语态,be going to be to be sure to be certain to + be +过去分词 be due to be about to,The flowers are to be watered twice a day. The thief

9、is sure to be caught. The book is due to be published next month. The meeting is going to be held this weekend.,在主动语态中，有些使役动词have,make,get和感官动词see, watch,notice,hear, feel,observe后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 但在被动语态中，要改为带to的不定式作主语补足语。 如: see/hear/make sb. do sth. = sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth.,They saw the

10、 boy fall from the tree.,The boy was seen to fall from the tree.,相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有被动语态。 如: look after, give up, take care of, pay attention to, make use of, put off, wake up, put out 等。,The children are taken good care of.,The big fire has been put out.,孩子们得到了很好的照顾。,大火已经扑灭了。,特别注意,只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有 被动

11、语态。不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。如：happen, last, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out, go on, take place, belong to等。,Correct mistakes:,This room is belonged to me.,This music is sounded sweet.,belongs to,sounds,2. 有些动词可用主动语态形式来表示 被动意义，如：open, write, read, sell, wash, me

12、asure, break, clean, lock等。主要用来描述主语 (某一事物)的特征，主语常是物,Your article reads well.,This type of car sells well in China.,This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.,值得注意的是，主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 The door wont lock. 门本身有毛病。 The door wont be locked. 指不会有人来锁门，指门没有锁是人的原因,3.连系动词没有被动形式，但

13、有些表示感受、感官的连系动词，如feel, appear, ring, smell, sound, become , come等，常以主动形式表示被动意义。 I cant see your face, but you sound young. How old are you?,It is said that It is reported that It is hoped that It is well known that It is believed that It was once thought that It must be pointed out that ,4. 在一些固定句型中常

14、用被动语态。 如：,D.系表结构与被动结构的区别,动语态表示动作的被执行或承受；而系表结构表示主语的特点，性质或状态 过去分词由too，very，so， much等修饰 She was so shocked that she couldnt say a word. 过去分词为表示心理，感情，处所等 He is lost in thoughts. The school is located in the center of the city.,过去分词为表示 “必然性，趋势性，意向决心等 The boy is determined to get the book. remain ,feel ,

15、like, stand, grow, become等+过去分词 The door remained closed all day.,D. 被动语态与系表结构,被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，过去分词表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。,The long novel was written by Lu Xun in the 1920s.,The long novel is well written, isnt it?,The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.,Look, the glass is brok

16、en! Who broke it?,被动语态,被动语态,系表结构,系表结构,E. 被动语态的注意点,不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略 She was seen to pass by the window.,表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态，往往意为“容纳，拥有，适合，缺少”如:lack, fit, mean, hold, cost, contain, become, look like, consist of - The book costs 10 yuan. The whole group consists of ten members. She looks like her mother.

17、 The area once lacked water.,及物动词做不及物用+副词（e.g. easily, badly, well , smoothly）,多用主动表被动,主语往往是人 The pen writes well. The book sells badly. The cloth wears long.,某些形容词+不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 The picture is pleasant to look at. The sentence is easy to understand.,连系动词不用于被动语态（feel, appear,

18、 ring, smell, sound, become , come, etc.） He soon fell asleep. The table feels smooth.,burn, devote, dress, hurt, hide, love, seat, station, wear, tire + oneself + 介词 =be + 过去分词+介词 I hurt myself in a car accident. = I was hurt in a car accident. He seated himself in the bench. = He was seated in the

19、 bench.,1. Town Hall is the tallest building in the city. _ from here? A. Can it see B. Can it be seen C. Can be seen it D. Can see 答案 B。Town Hall (市政厅) 应当是 被看见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因 这是一个问句，故选B。,Exercise,2. The ceremony has already started. Look! The flag is _ now. A. being raised B. risen C. being rose D.

20、raising 答案 A。 rise vi.升起，不能有被动 形式，故B, C不能选用。 raise vt.举 起，升起。后要接宾语，故D不适 用。 being raised正在被升起，正符 合题意。,3. The assassinationattempt _ millions, because the speech was on television. A. was seen by B. was saw by C. seen by D. was seen for 答案 A。assassination暗杀。根据题意：暗杀行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。,4. The things talked

21、about in this report _ over ayear ago. A. had taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 答案 B。发生(take place, occur, happen)均为不及物动词(词组)，没有 被动语态。,5. The Anti-Japanese War _in 1937 and it _eight years. A. was broken out; lasted B. broke out; lasted C. break out; lasts D. broke ou

22、t; was lasted 答案 B。 break out, last 均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。,6. Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand _. A. feels so cold B. is felt so coldly C. feels so coldlyD. feel so cold 答案 A。 feel（摸起来有的感觉）seem, sound, look等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。,7. I need one more stamp before my collection_. A. has completed B.

23、completes C. has been completed D. is completed 答案 D。before引导的时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来，而collection与complete之间为被动关系。 我所集的邮票还差一张才能成整套。,8. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 答案 B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选择。serve意思是“供给”或“送上”，此处应用被动语态。 在世界上一些地

24、区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶和蔗糖。,9. If city noises _ from increasing, people _shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 yearsfrom now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 答案 A。If从句中，“噪声被加以控制”需 用被动语态，答案为A或B。主句中时间 状语为“从现在起二十年后”，要用将来 时表示，所以答案为A

25、。,如果对城市的噪声不加以控制，二十年后即使是在餐桌上人们也得大声叫嚷才能让对方听见。,10. The water will be further polluted unless some measures _. A. will be takenB. are taken C. were takenD. had been taken 答案 B。主句中为一般将来时，unless 引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，而“措施”应该是“被采取”，用被动语态。 如果不采取措施，河水将会进一步受到污染。,Individual activity,Quiz I: Multiple choice,1. No

26、decision _ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. (2008北京) A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made,2. In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. (2008上海) A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run 3. Th

27、ough we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic _. (2008陕西) A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed,4. I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio. (2008安徽) A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught 5. Whats that noise? Oh,

28、I forgot to tell you. The new machine _. (2008浙江) A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested,6. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive. (2008全国I) A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 7. Officials say that few patients

29、_ with the virus owing to the effective prevention. (2008上海春) A. infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infected,8. He _ as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. (2008重庆) A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded 9. Do you h

30、ave any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. (2008湖南) A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered,10. Why does the Lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water _. (2009福建) A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been pollut

31、ed,11. _ many times, he finally understood it. (2009四川) A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 12. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _ and I want to listen. (2009湖南) A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast,13. Why dont we choose

32、 that road to save time? The bridge to it _. (2009四川) A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired,14. Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. _. (2009江苏) A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired,15

33、. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _ not to touch any unattended bag. (2009上海) A. had always been warned B. were always being warned C. are always warning D. always warned,16. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. (2009北京) A. treated B.

34、 were treated C. would treatD. would be treated 17. His sister left home in 1998, and _ since. (2009全国I ) A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of,18. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World

35、 Expo. (2010天津) A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited,19. Linda, make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. (2010全国II) A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 20. This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. (2010湖南) A. was named B. na

36、med C. is named D. names,21. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _. (2010北京) A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 22. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. (2010全国I) A. is made B. would m

37、ake C. was to be made D. had made,23. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. (2010福建) A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised,Quiz II: Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given.,I _ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday. English _ (find) very useful. 3. The work _ (finish) tomorrow. 4. The flowers _ (water) by them now.,was given,is found,will be finished,are being watered,5. The railway _ (build) this time last year. 6. The railway _ already _ (build). 7