中考复习之非谓语动词.ppt

1、非谓语动词,第一部分：什么是非谓语动词？,非谓语动词:在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。 例: He likes to read the novel. 例：He enjoyed traveling around world. 例：John made Tom go with him. 解析： 英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词2根据动词1而变化。而我们看到的动词2，及(to do, doing, done等形式，就是非谓语动词）,单句中的动词1与动词2， 动词1是谓语，有各种时态、语态、语气的变化 动词2根据动词1而变化 例: He wanted to do that I am enjoyi

2、ng seeing the film Let us go!,非谓语动词的种类,1.不定式 to do 有还没有做的含义. 2.动名词doing 表示抽象的名词意义 *3.现在分词doing 表示主动或进行的意义. *4.过去分词done 表示被动或完成的意义.,动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“，有时可以不带to. 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,用法： 用作宾语 (v. + to do ) I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wi

3、sh to go with you. need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to do begin to do start to do try to do forget to do remember to do like to do Stop to dogo on to do cant wait to do,She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time. Edisons mother taught him to read

4、and write. want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to do expect sb to do,在find makefeel think consider + it + adj+ to do sth句型中，it是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 I found it very difficult to get a job. The terrible weather made it impossibl

5、e to go outing I feel it easy to recite the text All the teachers consider it necessary to listen attentively in class.,I went there to see my teacher. She came back to get her English book. The box was too heavy to move.,(目的),(目的),（结果）,常见动词有： 一感：feel 二听：listen to,hear 三让: let, make, have 四看: see, l

6、ook at,watch, notice 比较： I saw her crossing the street. I saw her cross the street.,4.用作主语,1.To be an actress is my dream.,2. To go abroad is his dream.,3. To say is easy, to do is difficult.,（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）,It is my dream to be an actress.,It is his dream to go abroad.,It is easy to say, it is di

7、fficult to do.,Its +adj+of sb+to do sth. Eg:你能邀请我，你真是太善良了。 Its very kind of you to invit me. 若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如 kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever， careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb. Eg:你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 Its clever of you to work out the maths problem.,Its +adj+for sb+to do sth. 若形容词是描述事物的性质，用for sb.这类 形容词

8、有difficult，easy，hard， important， dangerous，（im）possible等。 Eg:对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. Eg:对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 Its difficult for us to finish the work.,5.用作表语,His work is to feed the animals.,Her job is to look after the patients.,My wish is to be a sci

9、entist.,6.用作定语,Give me something to drink.,They have much food to eat.,（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。 若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）,He asked for a room to live in.,I dont have a pen to write with.,I have a meeting to attend,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系： (1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主

10、谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。,7.疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how 加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、 宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。,When to start has not been decided.,I dont know what to do.,He can tell you where to get the book.,The question is how

11、 to get there.,(主语),(宾语),(宾语补足语),(表语),I dont know what to do. I dont know how to do it. I dont know what to do with it. I dont know how to deal with it.,一些省略to的句型,Why not +动词原形 =Why dont you+动词原形 2. Youd better (not)+动词原形 3. would rather (not) +动词原形 make sb. (not) do let sb. (not ) do have sb. (not)

12、 do help sb. do / to do,常见固定搭配,1.too to do The desk is too heavy to carry .,2.be + adj + enough to do The room is big enough for 10 people to live in .,3.Its time to do sth 或Its time for sb to do sth . Its time to have a rest.,4.It takes sb some time to do sth . It takes me three days to finish the

13、job .,5.be + adj （glad . sorry .sure . happy . afraid等表情感 的形容词后）+ to do sth . (1) Im sorry to trouble you .,It takes you ten minutes to get there. I hope to see him soon. His wish is to become an artist. People eat to live, but not live to eat. I have a lot to tell you. Its not right to be always th

14、inking of oneself. We often see him play football.,定语,主语,状语,表语,宾语,主语,宾语补足语,跳舞非常有趣。 种些植物是非常有必要的。 说英语对我来说并不容易。 听到你的声音真高兴。,To dance is a lot of fun.,It is a lot of fun to dance.,To grow plants is very important.,To hear your voice is so nice.,To speak English is not easy for me.,It is so nice to hear y

15、our voice.,我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。 最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。 3 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。,My work is to clean the room every day.,The best plan is to leave at once.,My dream is to be a scientist.,他想借用我的录音机。 他们开始读和写。 李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。 你长大了想做什么？,He wants to borrow my radio.,They began to read and write.,What sports does Li Lin like t

16、o play? She likes to play soccer.,What do you want to be when you grow up?,1 我有许多书要看。 2 她有几个问题要问。 3 他有一台电视要修。 4. 我没什么可担心的。,I have many books to read.,She has a few questions to ask.,He has a TV set to repair.,I have nothing to worry about.,他是一个值得信赖的人。 6 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。 7 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。,He is a man to

17、 believe in.,Edison was the first man to invent the lights.,His sick mother has three months to live at most.,They looked for him everywhere and found him _ under the tree. a. liesb. lyingc. layd. lain,考点：see/hear/find/watch sb. do sth. (看见某人做了某事） See/hear/find/watch sb. doing sth. （看见某人正在做某事）,I saw

18、 him _ the supermarket just now. a. enteredb. entering c. enterd. to enter,The girl who sold matches was found _ the next morning. a. dieb. dyingc. diedd. dead,-Do you remember _ me somewhere in Hangzhou? -Yes. I think thats 2 years ago. a. seeb. seeing c. to seed. saw,forget/remember to do sth. for

19、get/remember doing sth. stop/go on to do sth stop/go on doing sth,The scientist stopped _ to me though he was busy. a. talkingb. to talk c. to have talk d. having talk,The more you think about it, the more questions you will think of _. a. askb. askedc. askingd. to ask,考点：to do 表示目的,The doctor did w

20、hat he could _ that child. a. saveb. to savec. savedd. saving,I have no pen _. a. writing b. writing with c. to write withd. writing,to do 作定语， 如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语，其后需接介词,动名词,动名词由动词+ing构成，兼有动词的特征和名词的功能，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。,动名词的形式： 否定形式:,doing,not doing,2、在某些句型中 it 作形式主语 It is no use doing 做没用 It is no

21、good doing 做没好处 It is useless doing 做。没用 Its a waste of time doing 做。是浪费时间,一、 作主语 1、 动名词作主语 (谓语动词用单数) * Saying is easier than doing. * Being forced to use left hand to write will make us very uncomfortable.,* It is no use crying over spilt milk. * It is no good smoking. * It is useless talking too m

22、uch. * Its a waste of time having a talk with him.,二、作宾语1）作动词的宾语 * She denied making a mistake. * He imagined leading a happy life. 用动名词作宾语的动词有：,V+doing,finish 完成 forgive 原谅 keep 保持,坚持imagine 设想 miss 错过 mind 介意 suggest 建议 practise 实行,实践 cant help 不禁,admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 avoid 避免 appreciate 感激

23、，欣赏 consider 考虑 dislike 不喜欢，讨厌 deny 否认 enjoy 享有,喜爱,2) 介词+ving (做介词宾语） insist on, stick to, dream of, have difficulty/trouble in ,feel like, succeed in, be afraid of, give up, go on, 等。 * He insisted on going there alone. * He left without saying good-bye to us. * Is there any hope of catching the ea

24、rly bus? * Instead of staying at home, I would rather go to the cinema. * We can improve English by practicing more.,介词+doing,look forward to doing sth. （盼望） be/get used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing （做贡献）,I am looking

25、forward to hearing from you. My father is used to riding a bike to work now. I prefer staying at home to going outside. The old man devoted all his money to helping the poor children. We should make a contribution to keeping our school clean.,三、 作表语 动名词作表语时一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作，表语和主语常常可以互换。 1）His hobby is

26、painting. = Painting is his hobby. 2) The best policy is being honest. =Being honest is the best policy.,四.作定语 动名词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词前。 (动名词做定语 说明被修饰词的用途和性质） * drinking water = water for people to drink * the sleeping bag = the bag for sleeping * a walking stick = a stick for walking,1.I cant imagine_ wit

27、h such a famous author. A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working,2._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walked,3 .Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,.用括号中动词的适当形式填空 _(fish)is my favourite s

28、port.I often _(fish) for hours without _(catch) anything. But this doesnt worry me.Some of the fishermen_ (be) unlucky.Instead of _(catch)fish,they catch old shoes.I am even less lucky.I never catch anything not even old shoes .After_ (spend)whole mornings on the river,I always go home with an empty

29、 bag,“You must give up_(fish)!”My friends say.“Its a waste of time.”But they dont know one important thing.Im not really interested in _(fish).Im only interested in _(sit)in a boat and_(do) nothing at all.,课时训练,Fishing,fish,catching,are,catching,spending,fishing,fishing,sitting,doing,to do 与doing,动名

30、词与不定式语义不同,stop to do forget to do remember to do try to do go on to do mean to do,stop doing forget doing remember doing try doing go on doing mean doing,1) stop doing/to do stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。 They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。 典型例题 She

31、reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have restedB. resting C. to restD. rest 答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。,2) forget doing/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做) The

32、 light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作) 典型例题 - The light in the office is still on. - Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。,3) remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing记得做过某事 (已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing t