英语写作 头脑风暴 Brainstorming.ppt

1、Brainstorming,References, 2005 by Charles Yang,Getting Ideas Before You Write,Introduction,Getting Started,“Writers block” is a common problem to many students. This is when ideas for writing do not come very easily. It is easy to get very frustrated when beginning to write. Brainstorming activities

2、 can help you get ideas for your essay and help you become less frustrated.,Clustering,Brainstorming,Listing,Freewriting,Three Activities,Brainstorming,Clustering,1. Start with the main topic of your essay. Write that word in the center of your paper.,2. Write down any sub-topics that are connected

3、to that main topic. Draw arrows to the sub-topics from the main topic.,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Brainstorming,Clustering,3. If you have new ideas, connect those words to the appropriate sub-topic.,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Clustering,Example #1,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Clustering,Ex

4、ample #2,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Brainstorming,Listing,1. Start with the main topic of your essay. Write that word or words at the top of your paper.,Why I Want to Become a Nurse,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,2. Write down any word or phrase that might relate to your main topic underneath. D

5、ont worry about spelling or grammar. Your goal is to write down as many ideas as quickly as possible.,Brainstorming,Listing,Why I Want to Become a Nurse,Like science Like problem solving Many jobs available in nursing Good salary Like working in a hospital Want to help other people,Challenging job O

6、pportunities for promotion Interested in study of diseases Interested in study of human body Flexible hours Will always learn something new,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Listing,Example #1,How to be a Successful Language Learner,Practice speaking with others Take classes Guess at the meanings of wo

7、rds Listen to radio or TV Observe others Set reasonable goals Dont be afraid to experiment Study vocabulary in related topics,Ask others to correct you Look for patterns in your errors Organize your study time Use special techniques to remember new words Ask for help when you dont understand Review

8、material regularly Use a dictionary Choose a good textbook,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Listing,Example #2,Cambodia,Major Cities: Battambang, Phnom Penh Angkor Wat Borders Vietnam, Laos, Thailand Mekong and Tonle Sap Rivers Once a French colony Tuol Sleng Prison Agriculture: rice, rubber, fish, ti

9、mber Cambodian writing: originally from India,Artful dances Theravada Buddhism King Sihanouk Pol Pot/Khmer Rouge Weather: hot and rainy Minority Groups: Cham, Pear, Brao Land mines Education,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Brainstorming,Freewriting,1. Start with the main topic of your essay. Write th

10、at word or words at the top of your paper.,2. Freewriting is like talking to yourself on paper. Write as much as you can in connected sentences (not lists) about your topic. Write as quickly as you can without stopping to think about grammar or organization.,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,My Favorit

11、e Book,Brainstorming,Freewriting,My Favorite Book,My favorite book I dont know where to start. I read so many books that are interesting that its hard to choose just one. I guess I could start by talking about the kinds of books I really like. I like biographies and autobiographies the best. I reall

12、y enjoy reading about another persons life. One of my favorite books is called Roots by Alex Haley. How the author was able to trace his family history all the way back to Africa was amazing! Another book I really enjoyed was Carl Sandburgs biography of Abraham Lincoln. What an incredible president!

13、 There are also some very interesting books about leaders like Napoleon, Churchill, and Stalin. Well, I guess that gives me a few ideas about where I can start on my topic.,Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Freewriting,Example #1,A Problem I Have,I have of course many problems in my life like everybody

14、 has, but right now I am feeling new problems like the cultural shock. I got out of my country and came to study in the U.S.A. One of the biggest problems is to make friends, to make or have the good old friends I have back home. Its so hard here- you dont know how to act, whether you should ask the

15、m their telephone number or wait for them to do it, whether you should call them very often or not. Are they bothered by my language problem? Can they not carry on a conversation with me because they always talk about local or national subjects about which I am not informed? This is really hard and

16、sometimes makes me feel like a stranger in a group where everybody is laughing and talking and they supposedly were my friends. (Spack, R., 1996),Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Freewriting,Example #2,Things I Brought to the U.S.,I have been living in the U.S.A. for about four years. When I cam here,

17、 I brought with me a few books, my favorite T-shirts, and a little hand-made pillow from my mother. Among some of the books I brought with me is one called The Little Prince. It is a very interesting book. Every time I read it, I find new and different ideas that I can practice in my life. Some of m

18、y favorite T-Shirts are souvenirs from places which I had visited in Colombia where I come from and they remind me of the good times I had. The little handmade pillow from my mother is a small cotton square, with five lines around it and my Christian name on it. Sometimes when I have difficulties in

19、 my courses, I look at it asking for help like my mother used to give me when I was living at home. And what I left behind was a happy family life, my good friends, and a pretty city in the north of Colombia near the Atlantic Ocean, where it is always sunny and windy. (Raimes, 1987),Clustering,Listing,Freewriting,Practice Exercise,Now you are ready to practi