英语专业四级考试听力辅导.ppt

1、英语专业四级考试辅导,听力部分 王小娟,听力方法与技巧,1. 听力其实分为听和记两个活动。 所以没听懂的结果直接原因也就可能来自两个方面：就是没听懂和听懂了没记下，后者也是口译人员面临的一项重要挑战。所以我们也应该从听和记两个方面下功夫，提高听力技能和速记技能。 2. 仅听不懂又可能有诸多原因 1）语言基础知识不熟造成理解困难。 如：单词、词组、动词的过去式等。 2）自身的语音素质不高造成理解障碍 。 如：长期读不准单词的发音，特别是发音相近的词。如：badbed，sheepship，beatbit，等。 3）语速的变化所引起的一系列问题。,连读、失去爆破、重读、重弱音的问题。这些现象同时出现

2、在语速较快的听力材料中，使有的同学感到与自己的读音或想象中的发音很不相同，因此可能误认是遇到了生词。 4.母语的干扰影响听力的反应速度 英语思维，联想图片，看图说活。 5.听数字和人名常使中国学生感到头疼。 注意简单的加减法 6.英、美音的差异干扰学生的听力。,3. 听力的培养和训练是一项系统工程 1）首先必须意识到，听力提高并非“听力”提高。 它其实代表着英语综合能力的提高，即发音、词汇、词组、习语、文化思维等诸方面能力的提高。 2）提高听力第一要件就是语音。 学英语不重视语音，是很多同学英语总也上不去的一个绊脚石。学语音讲究的是标准，无论是英美音，抑或是澳洲音都要求准确，而且很忌讳混杂。而

3、听力课对语音的讲究在于兼容并蓄，要求标准的和不标准的都能听得懂。这不仅仅是英语本身发音准确与否的问题，而且是要加上很多“历练”和归纳总结才能达到的境界。,3）词汇、习语 区分真不懂和假不懂。 所谓真不懂指的是遇到没有过的生词和习语，那是当然听不懂了。克服真不懂要扩大词汇量。 假不懂指的是学过的单词但依然听不懂。这可就又和发音有关系。大多数同学背单词不仔细捉摸发音，而只是看个意思和拼法。这样，在阅读的时候不会出什么问题，可到听力实践时就有问题了。当时听到的和平时背的是两回事，当然听不懂了。 4）听的不精确。 这里既有连读、缩读、弱读在里头作祟，也有另一个不好的学习习惯在起作用。很多同学记单词时只

4、记中文意思，而正确的方法应该如听力学习法中所说的“MakePictures”（产生画面），这样一来声音直接转化成意念，省去了翻译的过程，可以大大提高理解能力。,5）英语国家文化背景知识。 这点中国同学也很缺乏。大家所抱怨的字字句句都懂，但是仍然搞不懂说话者意图的问题就属于此类。它的涉及面很广，渗透到生活的方方面面。这方面的知识可通过大量了解英美文化来得到增强。 3 段落听力技巧 平时注意积累词汇以及句型 抓住首句，结合自己的知识对段子所述话题方向进行联想和推测 抓住首段，首段常常会概括段子主要内容 抓住各段首句，因其常会概括本段主要内容 各段首句之后场会出现事例或用来支撑段落首句的细节 听的过

5、程中要对有意识地对通篇进行分段,抓住连词帮助推测，例如for example, furthermore, but, however等 注意文章的题材和体材，不同题材和体材的段落会采用不同的叙述模式和顺序，例如历史事件常常按照时间顺序叙述，则在听历史事件的段子时要特别注意时间 4. 听力笔记 听写 简记：记重要信息，如时间，地点，人物等，可概括为5W疑问句，记实词，数字等。记下重要观点，列提纲。使用符号,听写中容易出错并容易被忽视的地方：,冠词的漏用和误用：a，an，the的漏用，特别是不清楚an的用法，该用an的地方用a, 例如In old days, a exception 名次复数错误：明

6、显该用复数的地方忘记加s, 例如 In the old day，以及American不忘记加s 漏用be动词：因为词小，经常被大家漏用，特别是and连接的两个句子当中后一个 动词第三人称单数经常忘记：这个错误频次尤其高，主语跟谓语之间再加个成分就更顾不上谓语的形态了。 不清楚被动语态的用法，会出现It is believes这种句子，还有the watches adopt by men，手表会自己用自己吗？,分不清形容词跟副词，不清楚副词的用法，例如会出现It is general believed以及Reversing the usually order这样的句子。 时态混乱：特别是顾前不顾

7、后，尤其是如果是宾语从句前面主句还是过去时，从句就忘记应该用过去的某种时态了。 用and或or连接的平行结构也是顾前不顾后，如men and woman, workers and farmer，以及第三项中and 后的句子也经常漏掉各种成分。 专有名词不大写，例如americans， world war one；句子开头字母不大写，不会断句，不知道一个复合句的起止，滥用标点符号，显示学习习惯非常不好。 单词不会拼写，如wrist，jewelry，decoration 不会写，还有把worn写成weared甚至one，反映出同学们学习、记单词模糊，对难点没有引起重视。,一、对话部分应试技巧,1.

8、 职业、地点、身份题 例1. Joan is probably a_. (2000/3) A. nurse B. doctor C. lawyer D. saleswoman 录音：Joan is in hospital. Id like to send her a handbag she can use later in the law office where she is employed.,例2. When will they discuss the agenda? (2004/9) A. Before dinner. B. During dinner. C. After dinner

9、. D. Tomorrow. 录音：Man: Would you mind if we discuss tomorrows agenda before dinner this evening? Woman: Not at all. I certainly dont want to talk about it during our meal.,2. 虚拟语气题 例1: What is said about Harrys brother? (2000/5) A. He is happy with his job. B. He is a very ambitious man. C. He is to

10、o ambitious to be an engine drive D. He doesnt like to be an engine driver. 录音：Harrys brother would not remain an engine driver if he were ambitious.,例2: What is the cause of their complaint? (2004/11) A. The place. B. The heat. C. The workload. D. The facilities. 录音：Woman: Its so hot today, I cant

11、work. I wish the air-conditioning were on in this library. Man: So do I. I will fall asleep if I dont get out of this stuffy room soon.,3. 形容词、副词比较级题 1）用原级表达比较级的含义 例:This biography isnt half as well-written as the last one I read. (=The last one I read is much better than this biography),2) 通过比较级表示最

12、高级的含义 例: What happened to Mr. Hunts project? (2000/17) A. It was fairly successful. B. It was hard and futile. C. It failed for lack of fund. D. It stopped for lack of land. 录音：W: How does Mr. Hunts project turn out? I heard he had trouble with the financing, and he then couldnt get the land he want

13、ed. M: Its true. He did have difficulties at first. But all in all, the project couldnt have turned out better.,3) 比较级、最高级表示否定含义 例1: The mail service between New York and Los Angels should be better. 例2: What do you think of the film you watched last night? Nothing could be worse. 例3: Typing the ess

14、ay is the least of worries.,4) 没有比较级的比较 be superior to, be better than be inferior to, be poorer than prefer to do something / prefer doing something prefer . to . would rather than . like nothing better than = like the best,4. 计算题 例: The speaker was_ minutes late. (1997/5) A. 50 B. 15 C. 30 D. 10 录

15、音：I woke up at 8:30, knowing that the appointment was at 9:45. But despite of all my plans, I still got there at 10:00.,5. 推理判断题 例: What are the man and woman doing? (2004/15) A. Listening to the radio. B. Looking at the photos. C. Watching television. D. Reading a newspaper. 录音：Woman: There must be

16、 a thunderstorm in some place, because the picture isnt very sharp and the sound isnt clear. Man: I think you are right. They said on the radio last night that a storm was coming in from the mountains and the morning paper forecast heavy rain.,6. 观点态度题 例: What does the man think of the womans think

17、of clothing? (2000/5) A. He thinks her choice is good. B. He thinks her choice is terrible. C. He doesnt like the color. D. He doesnt like the style. 录音：W: Ill wear this blue jacket. I like the color on me, dont you think? M: I think it looks terrific on you really.,7. 否定题 用否定词直接否定不是难点 1）用含否定意义的词或词缀

18、来否定 常见的含否定意义的词语有：rarely, scarcely, hardly, seldom, little, neither, nor, beyond, out of, deny, fail, refuse, cancel, cease, reject, miss, lose, dislike, instead of, rather than, prefer. to, too. to, run out of, turn down, out of the question, would rather . than., in vain, in no case, on no account,

19、 not . until 等 否定意义的词缀有：un-. in-, im-. dis-. ir-等,例1：Emily Dickinson is one of the greatest American poets. She was born in a typical New England village in Massachusetts on December 10. 1830. She was the second child of the family. She died in the same house fifty-six years later. During her lifeti

20、me she never left her native land. She left her home state only once. She left her village very few times. And after 1872 she rarely left her house and yard. In the last years of her life she retreated to a smaller and smaller circle of family and friends. 11. How long did Emily Dickinson live in th

21、e house where she was born? A. almost all her life B. less than half her life C. until 1830 D. before 1872,例2: Kathy is running out of time on her project.,2）双重否定 常见的表示双重否定的形式有：nono (not), notwithout, no (never)but, nomore than, nothing but, notunless, no (not) 等 例3: There is no one who doesnt have

22、an opinion about something.,3）情态动词+动词完成时表达与事实相反的内涵 should have done应该做而未做 shouldnt have done不该做而做了 neednt have done不必做而实际却做了 might have done sth.本可以做而实际没做 例4: He should have gotten rid of his habit of smoking both at home and at work. 例5: I might have gone with you to the theatre.,8. 多重信息题 例1: What

23、is NOT a change to the literature class? (2004/17) A. Class location. B. Class times. C. Class length. D. Class size. 录音：Man: Excuse me, Im enrolled to take Professor Lee s literature course 102. But I hear some changes have been made. Woman: Yes, the class has been moved to the north building. Also

24、 it is now on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2:00 to 4:00 pm. instead of being held on Monday and Friday from 2:00 to 3:00 pm. Man: What changes! Professor Lee will still be teaching the class, right?,例2: I must go to the library, the one near the laboratory, because I have to finish my research projec

25、t by tomorrow. But,上述各句子中，包含了两个或多个信息，提到了众多的人物、地点，有时还会有序列的动作指示，或是一系列的配料，供人选择，这些称为信息题。遇到此类题，要保持头脑冷静清醒，边听边记。 注意动词及其主语表示的关系，使役动词后面的宾语和动词的关系，抓住表示先后、因果关系的各种关键词，如 after, before, finish, if, have to, first, last, result from/in, thanks to, give rise to, lead to, be brought about by, make somebody do, get so

26、mebody to do,二、短文体型特点和应试技巧,最常见的四种题型 1. 中心思想题 提问方式有： What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about? What does the passage say about . ?,例: What does the passage sa

27、y about accidents? A. Accidents are unavoidable. B. Accidents can be avoided. C. Human beings are always careless. D. There should be more precaution. 录音：Although it is impossible to eliminate all risks from such a complex and experimental project as the American space program, every precaution is t

28、aken to reduce the possibility of injury. Nerveless, accidents do happen.,2. 事实细节题 包括：具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等 问题一般是wh-question形式 例1: What happened on January 27th,1967? A. Three men were injured during a fire. B. One man died during the fire accident. C. A fire started inside a spaceship. D. A spacesh

29、ip was launched. 录音：.The first major casualties occurred when, despite every precaution, fire broke out on the Apollo 5 capsule on January 27,1967. In spite of every effort to save them, three men died in this terrible accident.,例2: Which is the largest single visitor expenditure? A. Hotel accommoda

30、tion. B. Meals. C. Shopping. D. entertainment. 录音：Money spent on shopping, however - the largest single visitor expenditure - dropped slightly in the first half year, but spending on items such as tours, dinning and entertainment increased.,3. 对错判断题 常用提问方式： Which of the following is true/not true, a

31、ccording to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?,例1: Which is NOT showing an increase this year? 2004 . A. Number of tourists. B. Holiday travelers. C. shopping. D. dining and entertainment. 录音：.Money spent on shopping, however -the largest single visitor expenditure dropped slightl

32、y in the first half year, but spending on items such as tours, dinning and entertainment increased.,例2: Whether observations come from all the sources EXCEPT_. A. computers B. satellites C. the ground D. radar 录音：.These are based on observations from the ground, from satellites and from radar.,4. 推理

33、推测题 What can be inferred from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem.? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about.?,例1: What does the passage say about this years business travelers? A. There are fewer business travelers. B. There are more business

34、 travelers. C. The number remains the same as last years. D. It is not mentioned in the passage. 录音：This years figures so far are showing a swing in favor of more vacation travelers plus an increase in the arrivals for meetings and conferences, the Bulletin reports.,例2: What does the passage say abo

35、ut British television viewers? A. They remember what they saw on weather forecast. B. They like talking about weather instead of watching. C. They pay more attention to the style of the presenters. D. They watch and remember what is necessary. 录音：The British talk about the weather more than almost a

36、ny other subject, so it is a surprise to discover that seventy percent of television viewers cannot remember what they saw on the weather forecast. What happens is that people like watching and hearing the forecasts, but they probably only take real notice when they need to, says one forecaster. Or,

37、 of course, when we make mistakes!,三、新闻报道题型特点和应试技巧,1. 新闻题型特点 特点： 题材广，体裁特殊，新词多，语速快，播音风格独特 要求： 多读新闻、熟悉写作风格、积累新闻用语；多听新闻、习惯语速和播报风格、提高题解能力,2. 新闻结构特点 1)新闻的要求：强烈的时间性和新闻价值 2)倒金字塔结构：按新闻事实内容和重要性递减的顺序安排全文，整篇新闻形成一个倒金字塔结构，即：将最重要、最生动、最能吸引人的新闻事实置于全篇的开头（导语lead）,次要的放在导语之后，依次排列，最次要的置于末尾。,例1: About one hundred people

38、are now known to have died in what have been described as the worst storms ever to hit the eastern US this century. The hurricane-force winds first struck the Gulf of Mexico, and have now spread across the Canadian border, continuing to bring record snowfalls, severe flooding and causing millions of

39、 dollars of damage. All major airports have now reopened and airlines are beginning to cope with the backlog of thousands of stranded passengers. The storm also paralyzed areas of Cuba where several people were killed and property and crops destroyed. (1999),例2: The expected life span of Beijing res

40、idents has gone up to 75.5 years old, compared with 74.4 years old, a decade years earlier. While the death rate of middle-aged residents increased dramatically, according to a recent report. The report made public by the Beijing Disease Control $ Prevention Center said the past mortality of people

41、age between 35 to 54 years old had gone up to 58.5% during the past 10 years, from 158 people per 100,000 in 1991 to 251 people per 100,000 last year. Infant and maternal mortality rates went down 132% and 147% respectively. Health experts said chronic non-infectious diseases were main causes of dea

42、th, covering 60% of the total number of death. The male mortality rate is higher than that of females and death rate among rural residents is higher than that of the urban ones. (2004),3) 时间倒顺结构： 按照事件发生的先后顺序来报道。多用于体育比赛、文艺演出、灾难、交通事故以及犯罪案件等。按此结构写出的消息通常由开头(beginning 即导语部分)、按时间顺序叙述的一系列新闻事实（events in seq

43、uence）和结尾（ending）这几个部分组成。测试中注意把握事实先后顺序，特别留意新闻事实顺序颠倒的考题。,3. 新闻句法特点 一般使用结构简短的句子，但是有时为了在一个句子中包含尽可能多的新闻事实或信息，采用合并句子（sentence combining）的方法,即将原来两句或两句以上方可表达的事实充塞在一个句子中，因而也就出现了语法结构复杂、松散、冗长的句子。,例：Andrew P. OrRourke, the Republican candidate for governor, said yesterday that he would withdraw from a televise

44、d debate with Governor Cuomo if the candidate of the New Alliance Party, which he accused of extremist views, participates. The New York Times, Oct. 26, 1986,4. 新闻词汇特点 1）旧词添新义 dove 主和派 hawk 主战派；September 11th, 恐怖事件 2）合成新词 e-government (电子政府), e-commerce(电子商务); hot line(热线), visual pollution (视觉污染),

45、bullet train (高速火车), audience ratio (收视率) 3）派生新词 ecodisaster (生态灾难)，anti-aircraft(防空用的), auto-purification(自动净化), hypermarket (超大型自助商场) 4）外来词 judo (柔道), kungfu (功夫),四、各类新闻常用词汇-自己积累,示例： disc jockey DJ dissolve 解散 division chief 处长，科长 doctorial tutor 博士生导师 door money 入场费 dove 主和派，鸽派 duet 二重唱 Duma （俄）杜

46、马，俄罗斯议会 dux 学习标兵，学习尖子 economic sanction 经济制裁 economic take-off 经济腾飞 El Nino 厄尔尼诺现象 electric power 电力 eliminate 淘汰 embargo 禁运 en route to 在途中 enlisted man 现役军人 epidemic 流行病 exclusive interview 独家采访 expo(sition) 博览会,face-to-face talk 会晤 fairplay trophy 风格奖 family planning 计划生育 flea market 跳蚤市场 flying squad 飞虎队 frame-up 诬陷，假案 front page 头条 front row seat 首席记者 full house 满座 gearto the international conventions 把与国际接轨 grass widow / w