高三英语一轮复习 语法部分 考点7 虚拟语气精品学案 北师大版

1、考点7 虚拟语气1.主要考查的知识点：(1)在状语从句和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(2)含蓄虚拟语气2.复习重点：(1)掌握虚拟语气的基本概念及用法。(2)在条件句中省略if的虚拟语气。(3)意义上不是虚拟语气，但必须使用虚拟语气的情况。3. 应对方法：解题时，首先要确定题干句子表示的句意为真实的还是虚拟的，来决定是否该用虚拟语气。带有状语从句的复合句应重点看从句，根据从句句意所表达的信息来判断是否该用虚拟。虚拟语气确定后要明确是对现在、过去还是对将来的虚拟，从而确定虚拟语气的形式。 (1) If I had(have) time, I would go there. (2) If you h

2、ad come earlier, you couldnt/wouldnt_have_missed(miss) the bus.(3) If it should_rain/were_to_rain(rain) tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.(4) We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus. 1. 状语从句中的虚拟语气(5) We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.(6) We got up

3、 early lest that we should miss the first bus.(7) She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.(8) It seems as if he doesnt know her. 1. 状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气的结构及用法：非真实的条件，常由if 引导，主句和从句常用虚拟语气。1. 条件与现在事实相反， 从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)；主句谓语用would / should / could/might动词原形，如：(1)。2. 条件与过去事实相反， 从句谓语用过去完

4、成时had done；主句谓语用would / should /could /mighthave done，如：(2)。3. 条件与将来事实相反，从句谓语用should do / were to do；主句谓语用would / should / could / might动词原形，如：(3)。规则1：目的状语从句1. so that/ in order that 从句： 从句：用can /could / may / might 动词原形，如：(4)。2. for fear that/in case that 从句：从句用should动词原形)“以防，万一”，如：(5)。3. lest 从句：从

5、句用should 动词原形，“以防万一”，如：(6)。规则2：方式状语从句 as if/ as though 从句：从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似，如：(7)。【注意】 as if / as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气，如：(8)。2. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)It is suggested that I (should) exercise every day. The doctors suggestion is that I (should) exercise every day. (2) His face suggested that h

6、e was very sad.(3) How he wishes that he were a bird.(4) We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.(5) We wish we would live on the moon one day.(6) I would rather you were not here with me now.(7) I would rather you hadnt done that.(8) It is important that we (should)have a good knowledg

7、e of computer science. (9) It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the meeting.(10) We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor.2. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气规则1：名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should) 动词原形。(1) 建议：动词advise, suggest, propose, recommend (名词advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation)(2) 命令：名词

8、order, command(3) 要求： 动词request, require, demand, ask, insist (名词request, requirement, demand)，如：(1)。【注意】(1)suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，如：(2)。(2)insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。规则2：I wish (that) 宾语从句(虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时，如：(3)。(2) 表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，如：(4)。(3) 表示愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用could/m

9、ight/would 动词原形，如：(5)。规则3：would rather/prefer that从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时，如：(6)。(2) 表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，如：(7)。规则4：名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时，从句用should 动词原形/should have done，should 可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。常见的句型如下：(1)It is important/necessary/ strange/ surprising/ funny/ natural that 从句，如：

10、(8)。(2) It is a pity / a shame/ an honour/ no wonder that从句，如：(9)。(3) 主语 be sorry/ disappointed/ surprised that从句，如：(10)。 3. 定语从句中的虚拟语气(1) Its time that we should go home.(2) Its time that we went home.(3) It is the second time that I have visited Beijing. (4) It was the second time that I had visit

11、ed Beijing.Its (about/high/very) time that从句 (从句用虚拟语气，谓语用一般过去式或 should do, should 不能省略)，意为“某人该做某事了”，如：(1)、(2)。注意下面固定句型的时态搭配：It/This is the first/second/time that主语has / have doneIt/This was the first/second/time that 主语had done.如：(3)、(4)。4. 简单句中的虚拟语气(1) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(2) Ma

12、y you succeed!(3) Everybody leave the room! (4) Let one of you go and tell her to come.虚拟语气用于简单句时，一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语要用动词原形。规则1：表示祝愿，如：(1)、(2)。规则2：表示命令，如：(3)、(4)。5. 含蓄虚拟语气(1)If only you hadnt_told(not tell) him the news.(2)Human beings would die without water. Human beings would_die if there were no water

13、.(3)I couldnt_have_succeeded but for your help. I couldnt have succeeded if you hadnt helped me. 5. 含蓄虚拟语气(4)I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. If I had_had money then, I would have bought that book.(5)Had they had time(If they had had time)，they would have certainly come

14、to help us.(6)If I had studied in a university, I would get the job in the company. 常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况：规则1：if only 意为“要是 就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似)，如：(1)。规则2：without / but for 如果没有，就会。如：(2)、(3)。规则3：otherwise / or 否则，不然的话，就会。如：(4)。【注意】(1)当虚拟语气的条件状语从句中有had，should，were时，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，而把had，should，were 提前到句首，变为半倒装，如：(5)。(2