非谓语_v-ing_.ppt

1、,非谓语动词 ing,非谓语动词-动词ing 动词-ing形式是三种非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加ing构成，有的动词+ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词作用或副词作用。所以在句中动词ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语，表语，宾语，（介词宾语和动词宾语），定语，状语和宾补。,一 .动词ing的时态和语态 （以do为例）,Arriving at the station, they found the train had already gone. (2)如果非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前，就要用完成式 Having realized his mistake, he ma

2、de an apology.,(1)非谓语的动作现在时刻正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生，用一般式。,动词ing的被动式 动词ing的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时动名词要用被动式. eg: The building being built now is our school. He did not mind being left at home。,Having been sent to the countryside, he had to leave the city.,注意： want， need， require, deserve（应该得到，值得）等动词后的动名词的主动式表示被动式。 wan

3、t/need/require doing =want/need/require to be done The house needs repairing。 The young trees require watering。,二 动词ing的语法功能,1动词ing作主语 Laying eggs is her full time job. 用it 代替动名词作形式主语，如： It was no use sending him to a hospital. Its a waste of time arguing with him about it.,动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，

4、而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替： Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing Its useless doing Its pleasant doing,而在Its important Its necessary Its advisable （明智的，可取的） Its essential (必要的，重要的) Its fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式， 如： Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite n

5、ecessary to read it many times.,注意 不定式和动词ing结构作主语的区别 不定式和动词ing结构都能作主语，但从语义上看，用动词ing结构作主语泛指意义较强，而不定式作主语表示具体的、个别的或将来的动作。 Compare: eg.Reading novels is an enjoyment. eg.To read this novel is my homework To complete the works will take us two years.,2.做表语,The real problem is getting to know the needs of

6、 people.,My job is teaching.,动词ing作表语和不定式作表语用法比较,一般可互换,习惯上主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式。主语是动词ing时表语也用动词ing。 To see is to believe. Studying is working.,3动词ing作宾语 (1)做动词或动词短语的宾语 只接动词ing，不接不定式做宾语的动词有： complete, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, resist(抵制、抵抗), risk(冒险), suggest, advise, understand, excuse / forgive(原谅，谅

7、解), mention, delay(耽搁), imagine, fancy(想像), miss , prevent, consider(考虑), avoid(避免), keep, dislike, escape, admit(承认), appreciate(感激), include, allow, permit , forbid(禁止),接动词ing作宾语的短语 put off, insist on, keep on, give up, feel like, depend on, succeed in, be worth, be fond of, be good at, what about

8、/how about. be busy (in) doing spend / waste (in) doing have some/no difficulty/trouble (in) doing,（2）用作介词的宾语 be (get) used to 习惯于; come to 谈到 add to 加上; look forward to 期待 devote. to 献身于; stick to 坚持 lead to 导致; pay attention to get down to 开始; contribute to owing to; thanks to; due to object to反对;

9、 apply oneself to 致力于 以上短语中，to是介词后接动词ing,4.动词-ing做定语,动词-ing做定语时，表示所修饰词的用途,a reading room ; a walking stick,还含有进行和主动的意思,e.g I know the young man sleeping on the bench. =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.,5.v-ing 作宾语补足语 v-ing经常用在动词feel, hear, listen to, look at, find, see, watch, notic

10、e, observe, leave, keep, get, set ,have, catch, send等作宾补，其中宾语和宾语补足语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。,The boy was caught stealing apples. The sound of the guns sent the birds flying away.,6 v-ing 做状语,Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. （时间状语）,Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. （ 原因状语 ）,T

11、hey came into the classroom, singing and laughing. （方式或伴随状语）,The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.（结果状语）,三动词ing在使用时应注意的几个问题,1.There is no use point（意义） (in) doing sense（道理） There is no need to do sth. 若要人不知，除非己莫为。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is

12、no joking about such matter.,2. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如： We dont allow smoking here We dont allow anybody to smoke here,3. 在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start后用动名词和 用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多 大区别。,在begin ,start后

13、用不定式的时候 (1)begin, start 本身是进行式 (2)后接see, think, feel, understand, realize, know, consider, wonder. 等心理活动的动词时 (3)当主语是非生物名词或it时. I was beginning to get angry. She began to understand what he really wanted. The snow began to melt when the sun came out.,4. 动词forget, regret(惋惜 后悔), remember, go on, mean,

14、 stop, try, be used to, cant help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。 forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。,怎么判断是动名词还是现在分词呢？,My job is teaching.,Teaching is my job.,The boy is sleeping.,Sleeping is the boy.,A girl is dancing.,Dancing is the girl.,The book is interesting.,Interesting is the book.

15、,找出右边成立的句子。,动名词,现在分词,现在分词,现在分词,在做表语的时候：,作表语,（1）动名词 My job is teaching. =Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job.,（2）现在分词 The play is exciting. Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.,在做定语的时

16、候：,A drinking cup,A cup for drinking,The sleeping boy,A boy for sleeping,A cooking pan,A pan for cooking,A dancing girl,A girl for dancing,找出右边成立的句子。,动名词,动名词,现在分词,现在分词,现在分词作定语表示动作。,动名词作定语表示性质或用途。,总结：,1. It took the worker only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repa

17、ired,Exercise,2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing,3. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 4. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for

18、 us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited,5. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6. We should often practice _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking,7. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying 8. His p

19、arents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go,注意：形容词性物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格和名词普通格都可做动词ing的逻辑主语。但位于句首时常用形容词性物主代词和名词所有格。 Im sure of my brothers /brother passing the exam 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made we worried. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily

20、mean my being wrong.,9. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh,10. Though it sounds a bit too dear, it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 11. He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory.

21、 A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied,12. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation,13. You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14. You should work

22、 tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching,15. The microscope is used for_ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine 16. Mike has got used _ up at night. A. to sit B. X C. to sitting D. sitting,17. Once the heart stops _, death fo

23、llows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 18. We are now busy _ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared,19. I remembered _ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 20. I regret _ that to her. A. ha

24、ving said B. to have said C. to say D. X,21. The patient must be separated to avoid _ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected 22.Your clothes need _. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed,23. _ provides(提供) us with essential nutrients (营养), while _ provides

25、 us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed,24. He attended the party without_. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited 25. By _, water can be changed into gas. A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated,26. On land many objects prevent sound _ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from traveling D. to traveling 27. She returned home only to find the door open and something_ . A. misse