高考英语大一轮复习（应试基础必备+考法突破）专题207选5课件.ppt

1、第3部分 阅读理解,专题20 7选5,目 录,研究高考 明确考况,题型说明与命题分析,题型说明 命题分析,题型说明,命题分析,题型应考技巧,解题策略 解题步骤,解题策略,策略1,分析篇章结构,解题策略,策略2,辨别语境线索,解题策略,解题策略,策略3,注意一些关键词,解题策略,(2)注意特殊疑问词。如果选项中或设空处前出现特殊疑问词，一定要 把这句话仔细读几遍，因为针对不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样 的。比如对why的回答，要有because等表示原因的词；对when的回 答，要有表示时间的状语；对where的回答，要有表示地点的状语； 对how的回答，要有表示方式或程度的状语等。,解题策略

2、,(3)注意连接词或短语。 因果关系：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等； 并列关系： first, second, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place,;for one thing, for another 等； 转折关系：but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, instead, though, yet

3、, on the contrary, by contrast, conversely, otherwise等； 递进关系：also, further, furthermore, moreover, in addition, whats more, not only but also等。,解题步骤,步骤1,通读整篇文章,解题步骤,步骤2,详读段落,解题步骤,步骤3,定位选项,解题步骤,步骤4,通读复检,600分考点 真题例解,Passage 1 Passage 2,体裁：说明文 主题：密码的设置和破译 词数：181 Secret codes (密码) keep messages private.

4、 Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 1 Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called c

5、ryptography.,第一段第二句介绍了密码的广泛应用。根据设空后一句Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making.可知，只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们。D项中的break与Code breaking形成原词复现。,Passage 1,语篇线索,课标全国 2016,A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B.In any language, some letters are used more than others. C.Only people

6、who know the keyword can read the message. D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G.Another way to hide a mes

7、sage is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.,【答案及解析】 1.D【解析】根据上一句People have used secret codes for thousands of years.以及下一句Code breaking never lags far behind code making.可判断选项(只要有密码，人们就试图破译它们。)在文中起到承上启下的作用。,【语篇导读】随着科技的发展，密码已经成为保护我们隐私和财产安全的屏障。文章向我们介绍了几种密码设置的方法。但是有密码的设置就有密码的破

8、译，因此密码必须频繁更换。,There are three main types of cryptography. 2 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”. 3 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we

9、substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”.,注重举例或解释，文中多次提到for example，用以例证密码的类型。注重举例或解释，文中多次提到for example，用以例证密码的类型。第三段介绍了第一种密码类型，第四段介绍了第二种类型，再根据第3空后的内容可知，另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母。,语篇线索,A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any

10、 language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down

11、 words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.,【答案及解析】 2.E【解析】根据后面举的例子可判断，该空应该介绍用单词首字母拼出密码的方法。再根据hidden message可以判断选项。 3.G【解析】第三段第一句提出There are three main types of cryptography.然后分别介绍密码设置的方法，并举例说明。根据后面的举例内容可以

12、判断，此空是介绍密码设置的另一种方法，故选G项。此外，G项中的stand for与下一句中的represent相呼应。,A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 4 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actual

13、ly mean “Meet me”. 5 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.,最后一段介绍的是密码书，该段中的转折词However起着关键作用，用于引出另一种观点：尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很长时间。,语篇线索,A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used

14、more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other

15、 words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.,【答案及解析】 4.F【解析】根据空前的 a code book和F项中的a code book可知，应该选F项，介绍密码本的使用。 5.A【解析】前文介绍密码本的好处。下文笔锋一转讲到密码本也很难长时间保密，所以要常更换密码。下一句中的it is also hard to为答题线索，与A项中的It is very hard to相呼应。,体裁：说明文 主题：重新建立人际关系中的信任

16、词数：232 建议用时：6 Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

17、,第一段第一句是对trust的解释，而选择第1空的答案时，考生需注意B项中的代词It，它指代上文出现的trust，是继续解释trust的含义的。,Passage 2,语篇线索,课标全国 2015 ,【答案及解析】 1.B【解析】上一句句意为：信任是我们从以往的经历中获得的习得行为。B项中的主语It指代上文中出现的trust，并继续对trust进行解释，和第一句形成顺承关系，故选B项。,【语篇导读】本文讲述的是在人际关系中，人们会因为各种原因失去信任。但是如果想要重新获得信任，可以尝试一下本文给出的方法。,A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is p

18、utting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the posit

19、ive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.,Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. 2 Its understandable, but if youre wil

20、ling to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.,第二段最后一句起到承上启下的作用，引出下文提出的具体建议。,语篇线索,A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E

21、. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.,【答案及解析】 2.E【解析】E项（他们受到太过 严重的伤害，因此无法忍受这样的事情再次发生。）是上一句的原因，并且引出下一句（

22、这是可以理解的），起到了连接作用，故选E项。, 3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 4 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victi

23、m mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.,根据设空的位置，第3空和第4空应分别是这两段的主题句，都对本段起总起的作用。第3空后的Having confidence in yourself可与A项Learn to really trust yourself.形成同义复现;而第4空后的victim一词反复出现，与C项中的victim相对应，形成原词复现。,语篇线索,A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is puttin

24、g confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive s

25、ide of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.,【答案及解析】 3.A【解析】根据下一句Having confidence in yourself可知，本段的主题是要对自己有信心，have confidence in yourself和trust yourself形成同义复现，故选A项。,4.C【解析】该空总起本段，根据下两句可推断C项（不要再把自己看作受害者）正确。此外，此空和上一空有同样的作用，所以句式都是祈使句；该段中反复出现victim一词，和C项中的victim形成呼应。,You didnt lose “everythi

26、ng”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.,最后一段

27、最后一句中的关联词Instead表示上下两句的转折关系，且G项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。,语篇线索,A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen

28、 again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.,【答案及解析】 5.G【解析】根据下一句中的Instead（反而）可知此空和下一句形成转折关系，G项（看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。）与之呼应，并且G项中的positive和下一句中的positive形成原词复现，故选G项。,700分

29、考法 完美应对,考法1 考查细节理解句 考法2 考查过渡句 考法3 考查主题概括句 考法4 考查结论概括句,考法1 考查细节理解句,例,课标全国 2014 ,Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money, and time. 36 Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you so

30、me wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: 2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 38 It takes a

31、round the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal. 3. 39 This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your

32、 appetite and schedule.,36.【解析】细节理解句。根据第一句中的关键信息 three main reasons ability, money, and time.及空后的money和time可知，设空处应填关于ability的句子。故选B项。,B,A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people. F. Let cook

33、ing and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.,考法2 考查过渡句,过渡句一般在文中起到承上启下的作用，通常有两种：一种是段落内部的过渡句；另一种是段落之间的过渡句。解题时，要“瞻前顾后”找启示，即阅读上一句或上一段的结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一句或上一段的结尾衔接紧密，同时要结合下一句或下一段的内容，看所选的答案是否能将两部分内容连贯起来。 在具体的解题过程中可以通过锁定上下文中的关键词汇来入手，如：同义词（近义词）、代词、上下义词、同一范畴词、数词等。从而确定过渡句表示的是转折关系、并列关系、因果关系、递进关系还是承接关系。,例,课标全国 2014,38.【解析】该空在句中起承上启下的作用，根据空前的问题