非谓语动词和分词.ppt

1、郑智薰谓语动词和分词独立结构，(1)不定式，不定式由“to 10动词原形”构成，其不定式是“not to do”不定式。可以用宾语或副词来构成否定口。虽然人称和数没有变化，但是时态和语态的变化就放在主语、宾语、宾语经常放在谓语后面，用it作为形式主语。例如，使用to see is to believe it is right to give up smoking、宾语、否定句作为宾语时，如果有宾语补语。经常把否定式宾语放在宾语补足语后面，用it作为形式宾语。例如，Hewanted to go I find it interesting to study work with him .用作宾语补

2、足语。示例：He asked make to do thave work with him。注：feel、hear、listen to、look at、notice、observe、see、watch I often hear him sing the song he is often heard to sing例如，I have some books for you to read，否定式时态，l)否定式，通常与谓词的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或在此之后(例如，I saw him go out 2)谓词表示的动作(状态)如果否定式(例如I am very glad to be wo

3、rking with you 3)否定式动作出现在谓语动词之前，则表示完成式(例如： im sorry to have kept you waiting)，(2)同名词动词和名词的在句子中起名词作用，可以作为主语、宾语、定语、定语、定语、定语、定语、定语、定语、定语、定语、例如3360 seeing is believing . it is no use arguing with him .注：动名词和不定式都可以是主语，动名词可以用主语表示一般或抽象的多次行为，不定式的主语往往表示具体或一次性的动作。例如，“Playing with fire is dangerous(玩火)To play

4、with fire will be dangerous(使用特定动作)”。2)标语(例如，Her job is teaching .3)宾语(如he is fond of playing football I like swimming)，2动名词的复合结构，动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格构成。由名词所有格或一般性使用名词组成，在文章开始时必须使用名词所有格或物主代词(例如： his coming made me very happy marys crying annoyed him . she didnt mind his crying is there any hope fo X

5、iao)如果不明确表示动名词的动作与谓语动词同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之前，则使用动名词的正则表达式(例如： we are interested in playing chess . his coming will be of great help to us)动词的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，则通常是动名词的完成例如， im sorry for not having kept my promise，2 .分词的用法，l)用定语从句定语从句修饰时放在修饰名词后面。单个分词用作定语时，放在修饰名词之前。例如： the man standing by the window is our te

6、acher . the excited people rushed into the building，2)副词、分词或分词示例：Being a student(原因)While reading the book，He nodded from time to time(时间)the teacher stood there surrounded by the students(如何使用)注名词(代词)副词；名词(代词)不定式；名词(代词)介词短语的构成。2)独立主格结构的特征：1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，独立存在。2)名词或代词和后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词等是主谓语关

7、系。3)独立主格结构一般分为逗号和主句。1，独立主格结构的构成1。名词(代词)包括当前分词、thestormhavingdestroyedtheirhut、they hadto livein acave . night falling、wehuries Hishandscrossedunderhis，3 .名词(代词)形容词，shecameintotheroom，herearsredwithcoom 4。n(代词)副词，themetingover，weallwenthome。5 .n(代名词)不定式、herearethefirsttwovolumes、thethis Hewalkedoutof

8、thecamp、rifleinhand(=witharifleinhishand)。)shecameoutofthelibrary、alargebookunderherarm。Webeganourholiday.(=whenthetestwasfinished，webeganourholiday。)条件副词weatherpermitting，theywillgoonanoutingting Theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow。)原因副词thestormdrawingnear，theworkerdecidedtostopworking。(=sincethestorms Theworkerdecidedtostopworking。)，副词(=hesatinthefrontrowandhismouthwashalfopen。)，副词(=hesatinthefropen。)With名词(代词)现在分词/科举分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语示例： hestood