英汉翻译技巧四.ppt

1、技巧四 减词,减词 (omission) 减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使语言表达累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行减省；二是从修饰角度进行减省。,从语法角度进行减省 英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大，例如：英语经常使用人称代词、关系代词等代词，而汉语代词则用得较少；英语重形合、连接词较多，而汉语重意合、连接词较少；英语有冠词，而汉语没有；英语介词丰富，而汉语介词较少。因此，英译汉时可在不损害准确传达原文内容的前提下根据具体情况将代词、连接词、冠词、介词等略去。,1. 省略代词 When t

2、he students finished all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it. 学生们看完了随身带的书，就打开饭盒吃起来。 She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁圆着眼睛听我说话。 He who has never reached the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。,He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said

3、 nothing. 他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一言不发。 Those who are in favor please hold up their hands. 赞成的请举手。,2. 省略it Outside it was a cold, dark day, and the sky was overcast. 外面寒冷阴沉，乌云密布。 He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15. It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。,3.省略连词 Metals expand when h

4、eated and contract when cooled. 金属热胀冷缩。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起能够使一个人健康、富有、聪明。,Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 东西是新的好，朋友是老的真。 Even if you go there, there wouldnt be any result. 你去了也是白去。 If winter comes, can spring be far behind?,N

5、ever trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you. 不要自寻麻烦。 All I am, or can be, I owe to my angel mother. 我之所有，我之所能，皆慈母所赐。,4. 省略冠词 The crocodile is a dangerous animal. 鳄鱼是危险的动物。 A camel is much inferior to an elephant in strength. 骆驼的力气远不如大象。 The direction of a force can be represented by

6、 an arrow. 力的方向可以用箭头表示。,不宜省略 The cab-driver said he was getting a dollar a mile. 那个出租车司机说他每开一英里就赚一块钱。 The children are of an age. 这些孩子都是同岁的。,5.省略介词 Smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 仓库重地，禁止吸烟。 Complaints are heard in all parts of the country. 全国各地怨声载道。 Rumors had already spread along the st

7、reets and lanes. 大街小巷早就传遍了各种流言蜚语。,从修饰角度进行减省 翻译时要使译文不显罗嗦，有些词语必须省去或精简。 Applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报名的人，有工作经验的优先录取。,There is no other month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. 一年之中，大自然的美景莫过于金秋八月。 All evils are to be considered with the good that is in them, and with what worse attends them. 要考虑到祸福相依，祸不单行。,I should like to make a brief statement regarding some of the considerations leading to our affirmative vote. 我想简单谈一谈我们投赞成票的理由。 He considered it (Nation