美国文学Eliot.ppt

1、T.S. Eliot,（Thomas Stearns Eliot）(1888-1965),T.S. Eliot (1888-1965 ),Born in St. Louis, graduated from Harvard（1910） and studied at the Sorbonne and at Merton College, Oxford. In 1914 he went to Europe, and he did not return to the U.S. until 1932. In the intervening years he did some school teachin

2、g in England, became a London bank clerk, wrote reviews and poems, assisted in editing a literary journal, and in 1923 became editor of the quarterly review Criterion. In 1927 he became a British subject because of his interest in the English church and state.,Critic Works:,His first volume of criti

3、cism, The Sacred Wood (1920) Lancelot Andrewes (1928) After Strange Gods (1934),His first volume of verse, Prufrock and Other Observations (1917) A second volume, Poems (1920) The Waste Land (1922),“The Hollow Men” (1925) Ash-Wednesday (1930),The voice in “Prufrock” manages to hold us through its sp

4、ellbinders charm. An auditory tour de force The power of “a piece of rhymical grumbling”,Imagery,According to C. Day Lewis statements, an image “is a picture made out words,” and that “a poem may itself be an image composed from a multiplicity of images”.,Three discriminable uses of the term “imager

5、y”,(1)“Imagery” (that is, “images ”taken collectively) is used to signify all the objects and qualities of sense perception referred to in a poem or other work of literature, whether by literal description, by allusion, or in the vehicles (the secondary references) of its similes and metaphors.,Thre

6、e discriminable uses of the term “imagery”,(2) Imagery is used, more narrowly, to signify only specify descriptions of visible objects and scenes, especially if the description is vivid and particularized.,Three discriminable uses of the term “imagery”,(3) Commonly in recent usage, imagery signifies

7、 figurative language, especially the vehicles of metaphors and similes. Critics after the 1930s, and notably the New Critics, went far beyond earlier commentators in stressing imagery, in this sense, as the essential component in poetry and as a major factor in poetic meaning, structure, and effect.

8、,Modernism,The term is widely used to identify new and distinctive features in the subjects, forms, concepts, and styles of literature and the other arts in the early decades of the present century, but especially after World War I(1914-1918).,Modernism,The specific features signified by “modernism”

9、 involves a deliberate and radical break with some of the traditional bases not only of Western art, but of Western culture in general.,Modernism,Important intellectual precursors of modernism, in this sense, are thinkers who had questioned the certainties that had supported traditional modes of soc

10、ial organization, religion, and morality, and also traditional ways of conceiving the human selfthinkers such as Nietzsche, Marx, Freud and Frazer.,Modernism,Literary historians locate the beginning of the modernist revolt as far back as the 1890s, but most agree that what is called high modernism,

11、marked by an unexampled range and rapidity of change, came after the first World War.,Modernism,The year 1922 alone was signalized by the simultaneous appearance of such monuments of modernist innovation as James Joyces Ulysses, T.S. Eliot The Waste Land, and Virginia Woolfs Jacobs Room, as well as many other experimental works of literature.,Modernism,The catastrophe of the war had shaken faith in the moral basis, cohere