冠词的概念和作用.ppt

1、冠词 The Article 一、冠词的概念和作用 1、概念： 2、作用：1）单数可数名词前一定要用 冠词。 a(n) 泛指单一、每一、任一 指类别 the 特指 指类别,上文提到过的事物 被修饰语限定的 说话双方所默认的 世界上独一无二的,2）复数可数名词、不可数名 词两可，意义有别。 the 零冠词 3）固定搭配或名词新意 a(n): a knowledge of English the : for the moment 零冠词: out of order,上文提到过的事物 被修饰语限定的 说话双方所默认的,泛指的一些事物 指类别,3、不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的用法,1）使用不定冠词的特殊

2、情况： （a VS an) （1）用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前： a good understanding of ; a population of ; a history of; a collection of ; an area of ; a distance of, a length of (2)用于形容词修饰的“一日三餐”前： a light breakfast; a big dinner; a quick lunch (3)在有或没有形容词修饰的季节、日期前，泛指： The accident happened on a Sunday in July. It was a very

3、 cold April. (4) 指不具体的任何物： A Mr. called you just now.,（5）相当于per “每一” 的意思： His income is one thousand yuan a month. (6) 用于有good/great many修饰的名词复数前： He visited the Great Wall a good many times. (7)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前： Reading is a means of learning. (8)用于与动词同型的名词前： Lets have a walk and a talk at the s

4、ame time. (9) 在and连接的两个名词前，用一个a(n)和用两个意义不同： He went to see a teacher and (a) writer. (10) 与 of 连用， 表示“同一的”、“相同的”： of a kind 同一种; of an age 同岁 ；of a size 大小相同 (11)在固定词组中：,A few, a little , a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden,As a matter of fact, in a hurry , in a word, have a good time, do

5、sb. a favor, pay a visit to, as a rule, as a whole, in a day or two, in a way, have a word with sb., make a living, take a bath, a great deal of, have a cold(fever, headache), many a student 2) 使用定冠词the的特殊情况： （1）世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、 山川等与地理知识有关的名词前使用the : e.g. As we know, the earth moves around the s

6、un. The Pacific Ocean is the largest in the world. The Urals separate Asia from Europe.,(2) 发明的事物名称前或或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前： e.g. Bell is generally considered to have invented the telephone. e.g. The tiger is in danger of dying out. (3) 在介词by后表示“由来计算”之意： e.g. In England cloth is sold by the yard instead of b

7、y the metre. e.g. Cleaning women get paid by the hour. (4) 在比较级中，强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时：e.g. The older of the two brothers is my deskmate. e.g. Which is the bigger country, Canada or China? (5) 表示某个国家的形容词前加the 则表示该国人： e.g. the Chinese; the French; the Irish; the Dutch,(6) 某些形容词前加定冠词the 表示一类人： e.g. the ho

8、meless; the young; the poor; the blind; the old) (7) 在形容词最高级、序数词、only、same、 very前面：e.g. Who picked the most apples? This is the very thing I am looking for? It must be the only way to save her. (8) 在多数的饭店、电影院、博物馆、美术馆等的名称前：e.g. the Hilton Hotel; the Palace Museum; the Pentagon (9)在含有普通名词的专有名词前，机关、团体、

9、党派、国家等： e.g. the United Kingdom; the Philippines; the U.S.,(10) 在乐器名称前用定冠词the: e.g. She plays the piano/violin very well. (11) 在姓氏的复数形式前加the 表示“一家人”： e.g. the Blacks; the Lis; the Bushes (12) 在某些大家都熟悉的事物名称前： e.g. The wind is blowing strongly. They are talking about the weather. I like to go to the s

10、easide or go to the cinema. (13) 在固定搭配的短语中： e.g. in the end; come to the point; on the contrary; in the morning; in the distance; on the air; out of the question; in the middle of ; on the other hand;,3)不用冠词（即零冠词）的情况： (1) 三餐、球类运动和娱乐名词前一般不用冠词：e.g. What do you have for_ breakfast? Play_football/_baske

11、tball/_chess/_cards (2) 节日、星期、月份、日期和季节前一般不用冠词。如用，则表示特指： e.g. Lets go to the park on Sunday. She is leaving on July 3. New Years Day; Fathers Day (3) 在学科、语言、称呼及大部分疾病名称前： I think math is more difficult than physics. He died of cancer.,(4)表示“头衔”的名词用作宾语补足语和主语补足语时：e.g. we elected him monitor of us. (5) 在

12、turn, go（当“变成”解） 后的名词用作表语时，不带冠词： e.g. He was a worker before he turned writer. He has gone socialist. (6) 在as, though倒装分句中，名词不用冠词： e.g. Child as Tom is, you cant fool him. (7)在某些独立（主格）结构中的名词前： e.g. He sat in a chair, pipe in mouth. Book in hand, I entered the room.,(8) 当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省略冠词：e.g. The e

13、arth turns from (the) east to (the) west. e.g. When () father and () son appeared, we all go up to greet them. (9) 在一些含有两个并列名词的短语中： e.g. day after day ; step by step; with knife and fork; from head to foot; shoulder to shoulder; arm in arm (10)在by短语中表示方式时： e.g. by bike=on a bike; by plane=? ;by car=? by telephone (11) 在纯专有名词前：(洲名、城市、街道、港口、机场、车站、公园等的名称）,e.g