一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时及现在进行时

1、动词时态一（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时及现在进行时）【用法讲解】考试要求：英语的动词的时态共有十六种，但是中考常考的主要有八种，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时等时态的构成和用法。本节先讲述一下一般现在时，一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时。1. 一般现在时一般现在时的构成：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。例如：I have breakfast at 7 every morning. 我每天早晨7点吃早餐。He goes swimming on Sundays. 每周日他

2、都去游泳。一般现在时的用法：（1）表示经常发生的动作或者经常存在的状态。经常和表示时间的状语often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等连用。例如：My sister usually goes to school on foot. 我姐姐经常步行去上学。We often come to school at six in the morning. 我们经常在早上六点到学校。（2）表示某种习惯或者能力，也可以表示职业、特征等。例如：My mother often gets up very early in the morning. 我的妈妈经常在早上起床很早。

3、This kind of car runs very fast. 这种小汽车跑得非常快。（3）表示客观事实、客观规律或者客观真理。例如：This kind of trees never grows in the desert. 这种树从来不在沙漠里生长。Do you know that knowledge is power? 你知道知识就是力量吗？（4）在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，表示将来的动作。例如：Theyll be so happy when I tell them. 我告诉他们时，他们会很高兴的。If you arent here on time tomorrow, Ill wri

4、te to your parents. 如果你明天不准时到，我就给你父母亲写信。注意：（1）一般现在时的第三人称单数：在一般现在时中，如果句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用其第三人称单数形式。例如：My father often watches TV after dinner at home. 我的爸爸经常在晚饭后在家看电视。（2）一般现在时的谓语如果是实义动词，其否定句和一般疑问句要用助动词do，如果主语是第三人称单数时，要用does，doesnt来构成。例如：My little brother doesnt do his homework at school. 我的小弟弟不在学校做家

5、庭作业。2. 一般过去时一般过去时的构成： 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。 Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack. 上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。 Tom was at home yesterday. 汤姆昨天在家。一般过去时的用法：（1）表示过去经常发生的动作或者过去经常存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last week/ year/ night，in 1985，in those days，when I was at middle school等连

6、用。例如：They went to college last year. 他们是去年上大学。We had a good time in the park yesterday. 我们昨天在公园玩得很高兴。（2）表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。例如：We played football first，then went boating and fishing,，and at last had a picnic there. 我们先踢足球，然后去划船、钓鱼。最后我们在那里野餐。注意：（1）表示过去经常或反复的动作，而现在却不这样做了，也可以用used to +动词原形来表示。例如：I used to g

7、et up very late. 我过去总是起床很晚。（2）如果主句的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。例如：We have made a lot of friends since we came here. 自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。（3）谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。例如：When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。3. 一般将来时一般将来时的构成：（1） will/shall动词原形, 其中shall常用于第一人称的疑问句。（2）be going to动词原形。

8、例如：What are you going to do next Sunday？ 下周日你打算做什么？Ill come and help you tomorrow. 我明天来帮助你。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗？一般将来时的用法：表示将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow，next week/ year/ month，this afternoon/ evening，tonight，in a few days，when he comes等连用。例如：He will go to Beijing and see his fath

9、er next week. 他下个星期打算去北京看他的爸爸。注意：（1）will 用来表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。 Will you please lend me your bike? 请你把你的自行车借我用一下好吗？（2）shall一般和第一人称的代词连用构成，shall I或者shall we的一般疑问句，用来询问对方的意图和愿望，征求别人同意等。助动词shall引起的一般疑问句征求别人同意时，回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not，应该用Yes, please do.或者No, please dont. 例如：Shall I

10、 close the window? 我把窗户关上好吗？ No, please dont. 不，别关。（3）be going to+动词原形，常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然或很可能发生的事。例如：They are going to finish the work this evening. 他们打算今天晚上完成这项工作。Its going to snow. 要下雪了。（4）对于动词go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作（行进时动词）。例如：Im leaving for Bei

11、jing. 我要去北京。4. 现在进行时1. 现在进行时的构成：主语+be+v-ing现在分词: I am+v-ing； You/They/We are+v-ing; He/ She/It is+v-ing2.现在进行时的用法：（1）表示此时此刻正在发生的动作，经常与时间状语now，at present，at this time/ moment等连用。例如：The boys are playing football over there now. 这些男孩子们正在那边踢足球。My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和妈妈一起看电视。

12、（2）表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，但不一定在说话时正在进行。经常与now，these days等时间状语连用。例如：I am learning French in Beijing these days. 这些天我正在北京学法语。（3）一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时的意义。表示“即将”，常伴有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类动词有come，leave，go，arrive，die等。例如：Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快点！公共汽车马上就要开了。He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天会回来。 【真题再现】1. What are you

13、busy doing these days, Mr. Zhao? (2014 山西) I _ my newborn baby. You cant imagine how busy I am!A. look after B. looked after C. am looking after2. Tina, breakfast is ready. Dad cooked it for us. (2014 黄冈) It cant have been Father. He _ early on Sundays.A. always gets up B. often got up C. had got up

14、 D. never gets up3My husband always _ me flowers every week before we got married, but now he never _. (2014 呼和浩特) Asends; doesBsent; doesCwas going to send; doDsent; do 4. Robots _ more heavy work for us in the future. (2014 天津) A. will do B. did C. have done D. were doing 5Look! Some visitors _ fo

15、r the bus over there. (2015 南宁)Aare waiting Bis waiting Cwaiting Dwait 6. Mum, where is Dad? (2015 北京) He _ flowers in the garden now. A. planted B. plants C. will plant D. is planting 7Do you think _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon? (2015 宁夏回族自治区) Ais there Bthere is Cthere was Dthere is going to be 8

16、. Many city people _ their bikes to work every day. (2015 陕西) A. ride B. will ride C. rode D. have ridden 9. Why didnt you buy any bread? (2015 重庆) Sorry, I _. A. forgetB. forgotC. rememberD. remembered 10Dont disturb Allen nowHe _ for the Spelling Bee competition. (2015 广东) Aprepares Bprepared Cis

17、preparing Dwill prepare 【答案与解析】1. C。句意：最近你在忙着做什么，赵先生？我在照顾我的新生儿。你无法想象我有多忙！由题干中的are you busy doing可知应用现在进行时，故答案为C项。2. D。句意：Tina，早饭好了，爸爸为我们做的。不可能是爸爸。他在周日从来不会早起。由on Sundays可知泛指在周日，应该使用一般现在时态，又由语境可知应选D项。3. B。句意：在我们结婚前我丈夫总是每周送花给我，但现在再也不送了。由before we got married可知第一设空处应用一般过去时；由now可知第二设空处用一般现在时，又因为主语he为第三人称

18、单数，故选B项。 4. A。此题最后有明显的一般将来时标志“inthefuture”，故选A。 5. A。由“Look!”可知，应用现在进行时；“some visitors”作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式，故选A。 6. D。句意：妈妈，爸爸在哪儿？他正在花园里种花。根据答语时间状语now可知应选用现在进行时，故选D。 7. D。根据“tomorrow afternoon”可知，应用一般将来时；there be结构的将来时为there is going to bethere will be，故选D。句意为：你认为明天下午会开会吗? 8. A。句意：许多市民每天骑车去上班。根据时间状语every

19、day可知，描述的是通常的动作，应该用一般现在时，故选A。 9. B。句意：为什么你不买一些面包呢？对不起，我忘了。上句为一般过去时，所以答语也要用一般过去时。根据题意可知答案为B项。 10. C。句意为：现在不要打扰Allen。他正在准备拼写比赛。根据语境可知，表示某个时刻正在进行的动作应用进行时；根据“now”可知，应该是现在进行时。故选C。【巩固练习】I.单项选择。1. Mum, I cant find my shoes.Hurry up! Your father _ for us.A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait2. Have

20、you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? Yes. I _ there for three days with my parents last month. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was3Do you know if Cindy will drive to Italy this weekend? Cindy? Never! She _driving Ahas hated Bhated Cwill hate Dhates4What do you think of the film “Avatar” ? Its fanta

21、sticThe only pity is that I_ the beginning of it Amissed Bwas missing Cmiss Dwill miss5. Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle _ him last month. A. gives B. gave C. to give D. has given6. Dont make so much noise. The students _ an English class. A. are having B. have C. had D. were having7. I _ w

22、ith some friends until I find a flat.A. am living B. live C. have lived D. will have lived8. You _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. has always been watching9. I have no idea what _ while I was asleep.A. has happened B. was

23、 happened C. will happen D. happened10. Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. You _ something. A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left 11. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write12. I _ ping-pong quite well,

24、 but I havent had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play13. The sky is very dark now. Im afraid it _.A. rains B. is going to rainC. is about raining D. it would rain14. Is this raincoat yours?No, mine _ there behind the door.A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging

25、D. hung15. I _ here until you give me some money.A. leave B. will leave C. shall leave D. wont leave16. Has he seen this film?Yes. He _ it several days ago.A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing17. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had tur

26、ned18. Hurry up, or you _ late for the meeting.A. are. B. will be C. were D. would be19. Whats his brother? He is a teacher. He _ maths at a school. A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach20. I dont remember when and where I _ this umbrella.A. buy B. have bought C. will buy D. boughtII. 用括号

27、所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Im going to listen to the radio. Please _ (not talk) any more. 2. The students _ (do) their homework from four to five this afternoon. Its three now.3. Ill tell him about it when he _ (come) back. 4. A new teacher _ (give) the students an English lesson now. 5. My mother often _ (watc

28、h) TV once a week. 6. I wont go out until I _ (finish) my homework. 7. Who _ (teach) you English last term？8. This coat is very cheap. I _ (take) it. 9. The plane _ (arrive) in twenty minutes. 10. There _ (be) two meetings tomorrow morning.【答案与解析】I.单项选择。1. A。根据情景可知此处表示“你父亲正在等我们”，应该使用现在进行时，故选A。2. D。本题考查be动词的一般过去时，由last month和for three days可知用表示延续的be动词was。3. D。本题考查动词的一般现在时的用法，Cindy讨厌开车是她的个性，所以用一般现在时描述，而且又是第三人称单数作主语，所以选D。4. A。本题考查动词的一般过去时，由对话可知电影已经看过，就是错过了开头，所以是表示过去某一时段发生的动作, 所以选A。5. B。本题考查定语从句的时态，从句意为“手表是叔叔上个月给的”。由 “last m