英语四六级辅导讲座.ppt

1、英语四六级辅导讲座,外国语学院 林馥嫌,英语四六级考试各部分的分值,备注：上表为四级考试结构。六级考试结构与其有两点差异：1、阅读部分考察简短回答和精读；2、完型部分有时会被改错题目所代替。,短对话听力常考之处,四级短对话常考处,一、转折引起的说话人态度及谈论重点的变化 but, however,CET-4 2010-12,13 (205-230) Combine her training with dieting Repeat the training every three days. Avoid excessive physical training Include weightlift

2、ing in the program.,CET-6 2010-6,14 (230-250) He regrets having published the article. Most readers do not share his viewpoint. Not many people have read his article. The woman is only trying to console him.,二. 理解归纳题型,What does that imply / mean? What can we learn / infer from the conversation?,CET-

3、4 2010-6,17 (443-502) Few students understand Prof. Johnsons lectures. Few students meet Prof. Johnsons requirements. Many students find Prof. Johnsons lectures boring. Many students have dropped Prof. Johnsons class.,CET-6 2010-12,13 (205-223) There is no replacement for the handle. There is no mat

4、ch for the suitcase. The suitcase is not worth fixing. The suitcase can be fixed in time.,三、建议句型的考查,表示建议：Why not.?/ Why dont you.?/ Wouldnt.？/How about? / Maybe 表示反对 Should.he/she/we/they.be doing.? 表示责怪的意思：Shouldnt.?,CET-6 2010-12,16 (345-400) Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size. Rep

5、lace the shirt with one of some other material. Visit the shirt with one of some other material. Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy.,CET-6 2010-6,15 (304-325) Leave Daisy alone for the time being. Go see Daisy immediately. Apologize to Daisy again by phone. Buy Daisy a new notebook.,四、场

6、景、人物关系的推测,CET-6 2010-12,17 (415-442) At a “Lost and Found” At a reception desk. At a trade fair. At an exhibition.,五. 虚拟语气题型,这属于一种隐性考法，用虚拟语气表达一种抱怨、后悔等情绪，主要体现虚拟语气的关键词有： if, if only, I only wish., couldnt have done something.without.等。,CET-4 2010-12,12. (2) A Her new responsibilities in the company. B

7、 What her job prospects are. C What the customers feedback is. D The directors opinion of her work.,短对话听力常考之处,一、转折引起的说话人态度及谈论重点的变化 二. 理解归纳题型 三、建议句型的考查 四、场景、人物关系的推测 五. 虚拟语气题型,短对话听力投机小技巧,1.视听反向原则，就是听到不选， 2.同义替换的一般是答案 3.答案相反的，其中一个是解 4.答案相似的，两个都不是解,CET-4 2010-12,17 (420-445) He owns a piece of land in t

8、he downtown area. He has enough money to buy a house. He can finally do what he has dreamed of. He is moving into a bigger apartment.,CET-6 2010-6,11 (55-115) The man failed to keep his promise. The woman has a poor memory. The man borrowed the book from the library. The woman does not need the book

9、 anymore.,四六级长对话,CET-4 2010-12 19 A) She was a bank manager. B) She was a victim of the robbery. C) She was a defense layer. D) She was a witness to the crime.,20 A tall man with dark hair and a moustache. A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face. A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.

10、 A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.,21 Identify the suspect from pictures. Go upstairs to sign some documents. Have her photo taken for their files. Verify the record of what she had said.,四六级听力短文,一. 题型,1. 主旨题 一般占30%,提问方式： What is the main idea/topic of this passage? What does the passage main

11、ly discuss? What can we learn from the passage? What is the passage mainly about?,选项特点：短语方式出现 解题技巧： （1）注意首句和尾句 （2）概括的是答案，具体的不是 （3）一般深刻的结论是答案，肤浅的不是,2. 细节题 一般占到60%左右,考点 (1) 转折关系考点 But, however, otherwise, unfortunately, unexpectedly, surprisingly,(2) 首末句考点形式 首3句尾3句 (3) 最高级考点 -est, most (4) 逻辑关系考点 beca

12、use, so, as, although(句首), though (句中，句尾), eitheror，neithernor,therefore, once, if, thats why,短文(长对话)解题小技巧,一种叫视听基本式原则，很简单，就是你听到的东西被看到，同时你看到的东西又被听到，某一个选项被集中的单词很多的话，那我们一般选这个选项是没有问题的。,CET-4 2010-12,26 (1230-16) They cannot see the firefighter because of the smoke. They do not realize the danger they ar

13、e in. They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise. They mistake the firefighters for monsters.,27 He travels all over America to help out fires. He often teaches children what to do during a fire. He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community. He provides oxygen masks to children free of charg

14、e.,28 He saved the life of his brother choking on food. He rescued a student form a big fire. He is very good at public speaking. He gives informative talks to young children.,29 Firefighters play an important role in America. Kids play an importance role in America. Carelessness can result in trage

15、dies. Informative speeches can save lives.,CET-4 2010-12,26 They cannot see the firefighter because of the smoke. They do not realize the danger they are in. They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise. They mistake the firefighters for monsters.,27 He travels all over America to help out fires.

16、 He often teaches children what to do during a fire. He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community. He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.,28 He saved the life of his brother choking on food. He rescued a student form a big fire. He is very good at public speaking. He gives informati

17、ve talks to young children.,29 Firefighters play an important role in America. Kids play an importance role in America. Carelessness can result in tragedies. Informative speeches can save lives.,短文解题小技巧,长对话和短文 投机取巧原则,顺序原则：行文顺序和题目一致 主题原则：头三尾三 听即原则：听见什么选什么 重读原则：语音辨别，读多次。 逻辑原则： 原因最常考 because, so, as 转折

18、原则：转折次常考 but，however,yet 最高级原则： 光明原则：事情都向好的方向发展,复合式听写,关于听力的训练方法,Step 1 听第一遍时认真做题 Step 2 再精听4-5次，达到全文记录 Step 3 对照文字材料找答案和考点 Step 4 朗读全文 培养语感 提高语速,四六级阅读,快速阅读 10% 选词填空（四级），完成句子（六级）：5% 篇章阅读：20%,快速阅读,一. 快速阅读13大命题原则,主旨处常考 并列，递进，转折关系 举例或列举处 解释说明或补充说明 观点态度处 引用处 方式方法,逻辑关系处 因果与目的意图 比较对比 时间数字 特殊句式强调处 否定处,二. 快速

19、阅读八大定位法则,(一) 专有名词定位法,1. 人名 CET-6 2010-6-1 How did Erin White feel upon seeing Barack Obamas victory in the election? Excited B) Victorious Anxious D) Relieved As Erin White watched the election results head towards victor for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders.,2. 地名 CET-4 20

20、10-12-3,What does a study in Sweden show? The natural environment can help children learn better. More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill. A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities. Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.,A study in Sweden in

21、dicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground.,2. 地名 CET-4 2010-12-3,What does a study in Sweden show? The natural environment can help children learn better. More access to natu

22、re makes children less likely to fall ill. A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities. Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.,3.其它 CET-4 2010-12-5,What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD? A Find more effective drugs for them. B Provide more

23、green spaces for them. C Place them under more personal care. D Engage them in more meaningful activities.,One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to

24、 ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.,（二）对象定位：主语，宾语,CET-4 2010-12-1 What is the authors profound belief? A People instinctively seek nature in different ways. B People should spend most of their lives in the wild. C People have quite different perceptions of n

25、ature. D People must make more efforts to study nature.,It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.,（三） 标题段落定位 （四） 行为语言定位：动作或某人说的话 （五） 事件定位 （六） 现象定位 （七） 修饰语定位 （八） 时间数字定位,三. 快速阅读设题方式,1. 同义转换 肯定-双重否定 换词法-换同义词或近义词,CET-4 2

26、010-12,10. The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to seek_ with the natural world. Five ways to find harmony with the natural world. WalkSitDrinkLearnTravel,harmony,2. 段落主旨，强对比强转折后,CET-4 2010-12,8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural worl

27、d can be_. but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.,separated / separable/,仔细阅读,仔细阅读常考处,句子结构， 语义逻辑， 连接词， 时态语态， 冠词，,不定式搭配， 词义复现， 上下文的并列关系 单复数 搭配,选词填空（四级）步骤,1. 确定填空处的词性 经常是实词，包括动词、名词、形容词和副词。动词可能以第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和ing形式出现；名词可能以复数形式出现；形容词可能以比较级和最高级

28、形式出现。 2. 根据所提供的词汇及句子的结构、语法和语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。 3. 重读文章,完成句子（六级）,解题技巧：定位法则+同义替换,（一）专有名词定位 （二）主语，并于定位 （三） 标题段落定位 （四） 行为语言定位：动作或某人说的话 （五） 事件定位 （六） 现象定位 （七） 修饰语定位 （八） 时间数字定位,CET-6 2011-6 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out _. The first rule of saying no to the boss

29、is dont say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and its up to you to find out what.,What is in your bosss mind,CET-6 2011-6,48. The authors second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by _ _. The second rule is dont raise the stakes by challenging her

30、 authority.,challenging our bosss authority,篇章阅读,一. 篇章阅读命题原则,主旨处常考 篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾 并列，递进， firstly, secondly, not onlybut also, in addition, furthermore, moreover, above all, on one hand, on the other hand 转折关系,观点态度处 举例或列举处 解释说明或补充说明 比较对比 引用处,行为方式处 逻辑关系处 因果与目的意图 特殊句式处 特殊标点处 指示词,二. 解题技巧,语义理解 ：结合上下文及文章主旨进行

31、判断。,1. 根据定义猜测词义,我们在阅读文章时，不能因为生词的存在而却步，相反随着对全文的理解，会逐渐明白某个生词的词义。有些文章常常采取直接定义的方法，来解释说明生词的词义。,2. 根据解释猜测词义,解释与定义有时很相似，但是它不如定义那样详尽、严密，尽管如此，它为我们提供的信息已足够猜测词义使用了。,3. 根据复述猜测词义,复述也是一种解释方式，即换用不同的词语重新表达同一内容。复述部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句或者句子。 In other words, that is to say, that is,4. 根据举例猜测词义,在阅读过程中，短文中常常出现for example，suc

32、h as，asas等这一类的词语，它对我们认识生词帮助很大。它通过恰当的举例能更清楚、更生动地表达词义。,5. 根据对比和类比关系猜测词义,对比（表示不同）： “but”，“unlike”，“in spite of”，“despite”，“however” 类比（表示相同）： like, as, just as, also,CET-4 2010-12,57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means _. A university researchers know little about the commercial

33、world B there is little exchange between industry and academia C few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university D few university professors are willing to do industrial research,It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in t

34、he commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.,CET-4 2010-12,64. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _. A the disadvantages of being married B the emotional problems arising from marriage C the responsibility of taking ca

35、re of ones family D the consequence of a broken marriage,Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesnt smoke. Theres a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse

36、s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.,6. 根据因果关系猜测词义,一定的原因导致一定结果，只要确认了这一逻辑关系，无论生词出现在原因方面，还是出现在结果方面，都可以根据这种因果关系来推测其词义。,CET-4 2010-12,58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that _. A keeps someone

37、 from taking action B helps to move the traffic C attracts peoples attention D brings someone a financial burden,Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.,7. 根据构词法识别生词 1词干：patient (名人，病人) 加前缀：i

38、mpatient(形容词，不耐心的)再加后缀：impatiently(副词，不耐心地) 2词干：state(动词，陈述，声明)加前缀：restate(动词，重申) 再加后缀：restatement(名词，重新陈述)。,语义题解题技巧总结：联系上下文,三. 阅读理解试题干扰项的特点,干扰项的目的就是扰乱你的思维，使你不能轻易或仅凭胡乱猜测就能找到答案。干扰项不仅语言复杂，而且欺骗性强，两个语言水平相同，对文章理解差不多的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别能力不同，而答题正确率不一样，因而为了提高辨别错误或干扰信息的能力，有必要分析干扰项的种种变化及其性质,道正认为这一方面是关键所在。,(一)以假乱真，亦即

39、文章中根本没有此意思，硬是编造一个信息，组成一个选项，以假乱真，以迷惑和干扰考生，它具有两种表现形式： 1. 欺骗性的信息是利用文章中出现的一些词。 2. 欺骗性的信息是利用基本常识和一般的看法。,CET-4 2010-12,63. Linda Waites studies support the idea that _. A older men should quit smoking to stay healthy B marriage can help make up for ill health C the married are happier than the unmarried D

40、 unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life,(二) 偷梁换柱，亦即用原文的结构和大部分的词汇，只是在不起眼的地方换了几个词，造成意思的变化。 (三) 张冠李戴，亦即将文章作者的观点与文章中他人的观点混淆起来。,(四)以偏概全，亦即在猜测文章或段落大意、标题以及释义题中，干扰项总是以偏概全，具体表现为： 1. 把文章中的次要观点、细节混进体现文章主要观点、中心思想的选项。2. 把超过文章讨论的东西亦作为归纳或结论混进选项，所以提醒考生，在做归纳性、概括性题目时，要注意选项的归纳分寸，不要被归纳不够或归纳过头的选项所迷惑,66. Wha

41、t can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Its important that we develop a social network when young. B To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network. C Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span. D We should share our social networks with each other.,A life partner, children a

42、nd good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”,66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Its important that we develop a social networ

43、k when young. B To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network. C Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span. D We should share our social networks with each other.,篇章阅读投机原则,“中心思想是解”,对一主题题型“中心思想是解”非常好理解。但大家一定要注意到大多数细节题也符合“中心思想是解”，因为很多细节刀是围绕中心的细枝末节。,“隐蔽处有解”,指方章中的或一名话的隐蔽之处，常见有同位语、插入

44、语、定语、长句后半句、从句、副词、不定式等。,“合理项不是解；不合理项是解；,合理项是指合理的选项，合理项主要分为两种情况:一种是生活常识，另一种是在不看文章的前提下，问题与答案极其吻合。,CET-4 2010-12,63. Linda Waites studies support the idea that _. A older men should quit smoking to stay healthy B marriage can help make up for ill health C the married are happier than the unmarried D unm

45、arried people are likely to suffer in later life,“照抄原文不是解；同义替换是解”,如果选项中出现照抄原文的情况，有时选项同文章中的某句话一模一样，此选项高度可疑，而某选项通过同义替换，或词类转换如由名词转换成动词，则“同义替换是解”。,“含义肯定的不是解，含义不肯定的是解”,“can” “could” “may” “usually” “most” “more or less” “relatively” “be likely to”,Yes!,CET-4 2009-12,64. What do we learn about European un

46、iversities from the passage? A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. B) Their operation is under strict government supervision. C) They are strengthening their position by globalization. D) Most of their revenues come from the government.,“not definitely” “possible” “suspicion” “n

47、ot necessarily” “dubious” “hesitate” “suggest” “potential” “trend” “threat” . “unknown”,Yes!,“absolutely” “must” “always” “never” “the most” “all” “only” (CET-6 2010-6 52) “any” “none” “No” “entirely” , “最高级” ,No,CET-6 2010-12,61. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _. A forgot to make fo

48、otnotes and citations B was little known in academic circles C was known as a young genius in math calculations D knew nothing about the format of academic papers,57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs? A Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits. B I

49、t will take another Einstein to build a unified theory. C No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years. D It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.,“极端的不是解，中庸是解”,“具体的不是解，概括性的是解”,只见树木，不见森林，这是很多学生阅读的一个阶段，命题者常利用这一点“欺负”考生，将解做成概括性的选项，干扰项使用具体的内容，使同学犯瞎子摸象的错误。,“both” “various”

50、“and” “many” “general” “not onlybut also” “系表结构” “some” “certain”,Yes!,Some An illustration will make the point clear；consider the case of., 做比较 只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。 相似的比较：in comparison, compared with , likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较：on the oth

51、er hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, by contrast，in contrast, unlike, instead, but, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, yet, 换言之 I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love w

52、ith you. I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it. 更多短语： in more difficult language, in simpler words, in simpler terms, put it more simply ，in other words, that is, namely,5. 主体段落结构： 主题句+1 2 3原则（+总结）,套用中心句+1、2、3模式。即，每段第一句是Topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是链

53、接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。这种表达，中心突出，层次分明，同时也节省了考生构思结构的麻烦。,对主题句常有以下要求: (1)意义完整:主题句必须是一个意义完整、符合语法结构的句子; (2)表意清晰:主题句不能包含两种或两种以上的意义,要易于识别、确认; (3)避免笼统而抽象的概述.如:The book is interesting in content. 比The book is interesting. 更好些. (4)不宜采用问句的形式,像Is it worthwhile to go after fashion? 不宜作为主题句.主题句是作者思维的起点、切题的准绳、阐述的对象,拓展好主

54、题句关系到文章的成败.本文就如何拓展主题句从语言形式上和内容上加以阐述.,比如，05年6月To write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teachers Day 提纲： 1：向老师致以节日的问候 2：从一件难忘的事情回忆老师对我们的教诲和无私的奉献 3：我如何报答老师的关爱,第一段就简要致词表示问候就行。 第二段：topic sentence: 昨天发生了这样一见难忘的事情。First, 早上我生病了;second, 他送我到医院;third, 他用自己的钱帮我付医药费。Conclusion: 所以我很感动。 第三

55、段：topic sentence: 我要做三件事情回报他。First,second,third,顺序词,1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）,5）to begin with, then, fur

56、thermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,6. 模板： 说明原因型,Nowadays, there are m

57、ore and more 某种现象 in 某种场合. It is estimated that 相关数据. Why have there been so many 某种现象?Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is 原因一. Besides, 原因二. The third one is 原因三. To sum up, the main cause of 某种现象 is due to 最主要原因. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one th

58、ing, 解决办法一. On the other hand, 解决办法二. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of 某种现象.,Nowadays, there are more and more ghost writers 枪手 in Chinas examinations / 中国的考场. It is estimated that 5% examinees are ghost writers / 5%的应试者是枪手. Why have there been so many ghost writers / 枪手? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is hirers ignorance / 雇主无知. Besides, hir