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1、How to Decode Unfamiliar Words,南通市启秀中学高三,When you come across new words ,what do you usually do ?,Look them up in the dictionary,Guess the meaning,word formation,Guess,the context,一、派生法(Derivation),disability,dis,able,ity,dis-/un-/in-/non- trans- re- inter- micro- mis- mini- -ful/-less -able/ible -i

2、st,Give two examples of each affix,非-,不-,跨越;进入某一处或状态,再次-,相互间-,微小的-,错误的-,(体积,长度等)小的,短的,有-/没有-,能够-;可以-,具有专业技能的人,Tell how the word is formed and guess its meaning,充满敬意的,有想象力的,不吸引人的,不存在的,无法忍受的,跨大西洋的,不经常地,人际的,接待员,不能靠近的,respect,+,ful,imagine,+,ive,appeal,+,ing,+,un,exist,+,ent,+,non,bear,+,able,+,un,frequ

3、ent,+,ly,+,in,access,+,ible,+,in,+,inter,person,+,al,receive,reception,+,ist,trans,+,Atlantic,二、合成法(Compounding),low-carbon easygoing worldwide airhostess peaceloving self-centered seasick,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。,notebook,三、转化法( Conversion ),由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。,n.,v. take/bear,Global Positioning System Wor

4、ld Trade Organization Chief Executive Officer United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,GPS(全球定位系统),WTO(世界贸易组织),CEO(首席执行官),UNESCO(联合国教科文组织),四、缩略法(Abbreviation),派生法(Derivation),合成法(Compounding),转化法(Conversion),缩略法(Abbreviation),Contextual Clues,语境法猜测词义,Ex1. A consultant is a pe

5、rson who is expected to give people advice on jobs ,marriage and finance . Precipitation is the amount of rain that falls in an area.,咨询师,降雨量, Synonym is a word which has the same meaning as another word. Antonym is a word which has the opposite meaning as another word.,同义词,反义词,Kleptomania is an ill

6、ness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.,盗窃癖,语音学,Definition: is/be defined as Rephrasing: be called/be known as that is (to say) in other words

7、to put it another way,Clues,语境法猜测词义,Ex.2 The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, much shorter and almost as plump as mother.,take the place of,fat,Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his

8、neck still remains grubby. John is wasteful and usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things. His wife, however, is very thrifty.,dirty,economical,In the past the world seemed to run in order. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. Some human actions are learned, but qui

9、te a few other actions are innate.,disorder,born,Synonyms: and/or/ like/ similarly as as/ the same as Antonyms: but/while/ however instead of/ rather than unlike/yet/ otherwise though/on the contrary,Clues,语境法猜测词义,Ex3. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it i

10、s very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,浑浊的,弹性的,Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.,精明的,修剪,because/as/since/for so/thus/as a resul

11、t so that /such that therefore,Clues,Ex.4 Students buy stationery in the shop such as tapes, pens, pencils ,rubbers, correction fluid and knifes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.,家禽,文具,The new couple bought a lot of household applianc

12、es , such as washing machines, fridges and microwave ovens ect. Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, beliefs and traditions that people have handed down from generation to generation.,家电,民俗,语境法猜测词义,such as like for example for instance,Clues,语境法猜测词义,EX.5 When you throw a stone in

13、to still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,波纹,麻醉剂,Present

14、at the Boao Forum are leaders from 12 countries In the strong wind, the victims of the Yushu earthquake shivered with the terrible cold.,颤抖,论坛,Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活动 (1),1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He

15、is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever,小试身手,3. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者 4. Mrs. Smith is loqu

16、acious while her husband is the silent type. A. lively B. cruel C. talkative D. generous,5.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. A .易挥发的 B.暴力的 C. 多种多样的 D.有活力的 6. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he

17、 worked as an engineer. A. job B. study C. name D. interest,7. This boy is not stupid. On the contrary, no one could be more intelligent. A. hardworking B. foolish C. clever D. diligent 8. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” and “My Mom is smart

18、er than yours.” The word “boasting” means _. A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚,9. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. A.die B.blossom C. fade D. fragrant 10. Doctors often use the stethoscope to listen to patients hearts or lungs. A.试管 B. 血压计 C.血糖仪 D.听诊器,Inquiry-based Activities (II)

19、探究活动 (2),Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins(企鹅) face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the i

20、cebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season. What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean? A. eat B. get C. sell D. buy,Passage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are

21、honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe. The word “disgrace” means _ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame,Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that a

22、fter the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping,Passage 4 My first job w

23、as to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners wer

24、e always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean? A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challenging,Passage 5 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This woul

25、d endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “jeopardize” means _ in this text. A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop,Passage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional

26、sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. The underlined word “astounded” means _. A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surpris

27、ed,Passage 7 Jennifer, 29, owner of a two-bedroom apartment with her husband ,worries that she wont be able to have children for at least a decade because they cant to buy a house yet. I read that ,and I thought ,what planet is she living on where you need to own a house in order to have kids? Has s

28、he ever visited developing countries? House ownership is a luxury(奢侈) ,not a fertility requirement. The underlined word “fertility” means_. A. have kids B. pleasure C. baby comfort D. baby raising,Passage 8 Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by

29、 the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly. C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Dis

30、appear very slowly.,Passage 9 Chinas attitude towards cyber attacks has been unequivocal and has adopted laws against such crimes, as China is one of the countries that suffer from cyber attacks. The U.S government, on the other hand , takes an uncertain attitude towards cyber attacks. According to media reports, the U.S Homeland Security and Defense departments have both openly employed hac

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