瞬间性动词和持续性动词

1、请看一道题： Ivecomeoutwithoutanymoney. NevermindI_yousome. A.amgoingtolend B.willlend C.havelent D.amtolend,【分析】此题应选B。容易误选A。这里主要谈一谈有关“will动词原形”和“begoingto动词原形”的区别：,在通常情况下两者都可表示将来时间和意图，且有时可 换用：我不会告诉你这事的。 正：Iwonttellyouaboutit. 正：Imnotgoingtotellyouaboutit. 但是此时要注意：若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好 的，则通常要用begoingto；若是表示某个意

2、图没有 经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通 常用will，且以上两种情况通常不能换用。,比较并体会： 1.Cometotheparty.来参加晚会吧。 OK，Illbringmyboyfriend. 好的，我把我的男朋友也带来。(临时想法) 2.Whereisthetelephonebook?电话薄在哪? Illgetitforyou.我去给你拿。(临时想法) 3.Whyareyoutakingitout?干吗要把它拿出来? Imgoingtowashit.我想把它洗一洗。(事先考虑) 4.Haveyouboughtatypewriter?你买了台打字机吗? Yes.Imgoin

3、gtolearntotype.是的，我想学打字。(事先考虑),begoingto与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去 做某事，但它们有如下几点区别： 1.begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情， will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： Heisgoingtowritealettertonight. Hewillwriteabookoneday.,2.begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的 事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie. Hewillbetwentyyearsold.,3.begoingto含

4、有“计划，准备”的意思， 而will则没有这个意思，如： Sheisgoingtolendusherbook. Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.,4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多 用will,如： Ifanybeastscomesatyou,Illstaywithyouand helpyou.,延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延 续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have ,wait , watch

5、 sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与 表示时间段的状语连用。,表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time 2.since从句,since he came here; 3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago; 4. how long;,二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move,

6、 borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。,例：（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正： It is three years since he died. 正：He died three years ago. 正：Three years has passed since he died.,(2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here fo

7、r five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.,延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换： leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构, be a m

8、ember of open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on w

9、ear； catch a cold have a cold,(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示“ 段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采 用下面的四种方法：,（1）将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上 面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. (2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的 状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。,(2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：

10、It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.,(3)用句型It is+段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例 中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型时间+has passed+since.表达原意，如上 面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。,(2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five d

11、ays since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.,四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以 延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如:1.He hasnt left here since 1986. 2.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.,五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成 not+终止性动词+until/till .的句型，意为直 到才。 如：1. You cant leave here until I arrive.直

12、到我到 了，你才能离开这里。 2. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。,六、终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中， 但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表 示的时间是点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也 可以是段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而 while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词 用延续性动词。,如：1. When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为终止性

13、动词) 2. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语),七、终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。 误：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here? 正：When did you come here?,1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away

14、D. had been away 2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. had been in 3.The factory _since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have

15、become,5.You mustnt _until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left D.have been away 6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. is over 7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught D. had been in 8.Ben _ a teacher

16、 for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became,9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. had been back 10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead D. die, she die 11.He_at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D.

17、had slept 12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had D. had kept,13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. had , been 14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from D.had moved 15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take D.had,17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. pu