20120112103210952定语从句.ppt

1、,定语从句,特殊情况总结,徐新伟,一、只用that引导定语从句的情况 1.当不定代词如anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时, 只用that. e.g. I know anything that you dont know. 2.先行词是all, every, any, no, little, much等词或被它们所修饰时,只用that. All that he told me is exciting.,3.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the one, the l

2、ast, one of修饰时, 只用 that. He is the only person that is for you. 4.先行词为序数词,数词,形容词最高级 或被它们所修饰时,只用that. e.g. Its the first time that my mother left home. 5.先行词既有人,又有物时,只用that. She told some things and persons that I had never heard.,6.当主句是以who或which开始的特殊 疑问句时,用that以避免重复. e.g. Who is the man that you we

3、nt to the park with? 7.There be 句型中用that. Theres something strange that you dont know. 8.先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同 时修饰时, 只用that. Its the first most famous book that was published at that time.,二.只用which或whowhom, 不用that的情况 1.在由“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,用whom指人. This is the room in which I once lived. This is

4、 my friend with whom I go to school every day. 2.当定语从句修饰的先行词已有限定的修饰词时必须用which, 不用that. Whats the name of the girl in your class which runs fastest?,3.当在非限定性定语从句中时,只能用which. The house, which is five hundred years old, is very famous. 4.先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时,用who不用 that. Those who work harder

5、will get the job. 三. 关系副词的用法 1.where在定从中作地点状语,它引导的定从修饰表地点的先行词 Ive been to the place where I was born.,2.when在定从中作时间状语,它引导的 定从修饰表时间的先行词. I met him in the year when I worked in Tianjin. 3.why在定从中作原因状语,它引导的 定从修饰表原因的先行词,常见的是 reason. Thats the reason why he was angry.,when, where, why在定从中常和 “介词+ which”结构

6、交换使用. when=on which; where=in which; why=for which. e.g. Tianjin is the place where (in which) I was born. Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined the club?,四. 判断定从中的关系代词与关系副 词的方法 1.看从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语就必须要用关系代词, 及物动词后面有宾语时可能用到关系副词; 不及物动词后面无介词要用关系副词,有介词要用关系代词. e.g. (误) Ill never forget th

7、e days when I spent in the countryside. (正) Ill never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.,2.关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分. 作主, 定, 宾语时用关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which等); 作状语时用关系副词(when, where, how, why等) e.g. 1.Is this hospital _you visited two years ago? where b. that c. on which d. the one 2.I

8、s this the museum _ the exhibition was held? a. where b. that c. on which d. the one,d,a,1.Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. a. what b. who c. whom d. which 2.I prefer the music _ is quiet and gentle. a. who b. that c. what d. whose 3.The building _ they live in is very high. a.what b.which c

9、.when d. who 4.Have you been to the place _ I once visited? a. in which b. where c. about which d. which,d,b,b,d,1.Do you know the boy _ father owns a big company? who b. which c. that d. whose 2.Many people _ have been to Australia often say it is a good country. who b. whom c. which d. whose 3.I want to know the reason _ he was la