《短文改错辅导》PPT课件.ppt

1、,高考英语专项指导,短文改错,NMET短文改错的命题特点 1. 短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑: i. 考察英语的屈折附加成分(以表现英语学科的显著特点)。 ii. 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。 iii. 估计考生可能出现的错误。 2. 用于改错的短文题材为中学生所熟悉, 不会象阅读理解那样, 发生因题材陌生而丢分。,NMET短文改错的命题内容 I. 英语的屈折附加成分 1. 现在时第三人称单数 2. 时态 3. 被动语态 4. 动名词 5. 分词 6. 不定式 7. 名词复数 8. 代词 9. 比较形容词 10. 词性的变化 (从一类词派生另一类词),II. 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错

2、误 1. 英语介词和活跃的动词搭配, 构成表达法, 是NMET短文改错的重要内容 2. 汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语 3. 英语中的一致现象 (一致包括动词与其主语的一致, 称谓的一致,主从句中时态的一致等) 4. 英语中的平行结构现象 (在表达平行概念时, 要使用相同的语法结构, 平行结构常借助于并列连词and, or, not only.but also等。),How to do Proof-reading,March 16th, 2009,steps of doing proof-reading,1. Go through the whole passage to get a gen

3、eral idea .(浏览全文，掌握大意）,2. Read the passage sentence by sentence and find the mistakes.（分句阅读，逐行找错）,3. Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones. （检查核对，攻克难点）,We all had a good time today. 2. I can return to school now. 3. I like playing piano. 4. I major at

4、accounting.,the,Wrong word,Missing word,in,Unnecessary word,right word,动词形，,名词数,还要注意形和副,代词格，细领悟,介词短语须关注 习惯用法要记住,冠词连词常光顾,A Limerick,1. She said she and my classmate all wished me success. 2. Visiting friends is one of the most common occurrence in our everyday life. 3. I saw your name on a list of te

5、acher who wished to spend their holidays in France this summer. 4. This is really a problem we Chinese official pay more attention to.,(classmates),(occurrences),(teachers),(officials),错误类型例析(1) 名词错误,名词错误主要考查名词单复数错误。确定名词单复数的方法：看修饰语。可数名词前若有数词及many, a lot of, quite a few, one of, all the (ones)等修饰时，要用

6、复数。主谓的一致。可数名词前无单数修饰语，一定要用复数。看其他限定。,5. Is it true that some Germen will come to visit our school next week? 6. There are so many kinds of computers on sale that we cant make up our mind which to buy. 7. All the woman doctors in the hospital got a present on the eighth of March.,Germans,minds,women,错误

7、类型例析(2)冠词错误,冠词是英语中特有的词类。由于汉语中没有相对应的词类，所以中国学生对它的用法感到非常难以掌握。短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有，但多是基本用法如：不可数名词表泛指，前面多冠词；专有名词前多冠词；单数可数名词前缺冠词;不定冠词a, an与定冠词the的误用以及固定搭配中的冠词错误等。,1. As I am inexperienced teacher, Im afraid I have little to say about the subject. 2. One of the students who were sitting in front gave a differe

8、nt answer to the question. 3. The computer is an useful machine that can do many things for us. 4. A great celebration was held in the Peoples Square on the National Day.,(an),(the),(a),5. Many people agree that the knowledge of English is a must in international trade. 6. He failed but he wanted to

9、 try the second time. 7. How beautifully she sings! Ive never heard the better voice. 8. A few friends hed made there were all invited to his birthday party.,a,a,a,(The),1. Mr. Johnson gave his friends, Mary and I, a tea party. 2. I have the same idea as his. 3. We got on the school bus and which to

10、ok us straight to the Peoples Park.,me,he/him,it,错误类型例析(3)代词错误,代词错误主要有人称代词格的误用，不定代词使用错误，作形式主语与形式宾语it的遗漏或误用以及代词所指代的内容与先行词在性和数方面不一致等。,5. The football team has done well this year. All of their members have trained hard. 6. He designed new tools which were fit for the users when they worked with it. 7.

11、 Havent I made this clear that you mustnt spit everywhere?,its,them,it,错误类型例析(4)词性错误,根据词在句中的位置及与其他词的修饰与被修饰的关系来确定词的正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用相应的词性。词性误用包括形容词副词误用和其他词性误用。连系动词后或名词前用形容词，修饰行为动词、形容词副词、过去分词或整个句子用副词。,Im sure your illness is caused by something more seriously than overwork. 2. The mixture of coffee

12、, milk, and sugar tastes differently from tea. 3. My hometown has taken on a new look. How great it has changed! 4. He listened to his heart and said there was nothing serious wrong with him.,serious,different,greatly,seriously,5. Usually at the begin of a meeting, we sang the national song. 6. When

13、 I heard the steps outside, I hurriedly went up to the window to see who past by.,beginning,passed,错误类型例析(5)时态与语态错误,时态错误：根据语境用错时态; 根据句子结构或句意用错时态; 根据连词对称性原则用错时态及根据时间状语用错时态。解题时应根据特定的语境、特定的时间状语提示，正确调整时态。 语态错误：是该用被动语态却用了主动语态或不能用于被动语态的词如happen, take place, occur, sell well, belong to等却用了被动语态。,1. Do you k

14、now what subjects they study while they were at college? 2. It was a long time since I saw Tom at my uncles and I dont know where hes been these months. 3. The ship hardly left the port when a terrible storm came. 4. The time is sure to come when my words come true.,studied,is,had,will,5. The rule r

15、equires that everyone have his bike, new or old, checked once a year. 6. There by the river sitting an old man who seemed to be fishing. 7. You are wet all over. You must have caught in the sudden heavy rain. 8. In the summer of 1998, serious floods were occurred in many parts of China.,has,sat,been

16、,错误类型例析(6)非谓语动词错误,主要是不定式符号to的多余与遗漏，动名词作主语和介词宾语时误用原形动词，现在分词与过去分词的误用等。,1. We must do everything we can help Lin Ping in his first year of teaching. 2. She did nothing but cried all day. 3. Jack was said to be made stay behind by his teacher after school yesterday. 4. People expect their electing offic

17、ials to be honest.,to,(cry),to,elected,6. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to set up some schools for poor children. 7. Dr Tichauer has discovered that use the same tools all day long for many years will cause serious illnesses. 8. There was no more buses, they had no choice but to wal

18、k home.,setting,using,being,错误类型例析(7)冗言错误,冗言错误是指受汉语的影响，句中用了多余的词，造成语义重复。主要有形容词副词比较级前用了多余的more，动词后接介词或副词造成语义重复以及句中使用多余的词等。,1. I never knew that a ride down a river could be so much exciting. 2. We must study hard in order to serve for the people better in the future. 3. I hope that both you two could

19、come and visit us some time soon. 4. Today I visited the Smiths - my first time visit to an American family.,错误类型例析(8)连词错误,连词(conjunction)错误主要有并列连词and, but, or的误用、固定搭配中的连词使用错误以及根据上下文的关系连词使用错误等。解题时要根据词与词、句子与句子之间的关系来判断连接词的使用是否正确或是否多余或遗漏，要注意句子结构的完整性。,1. It is a very important examination but I cant aff

20、ord to fail it. 2. The new person on the job feels better after he and she has played tennis with other people in the office. 3. In some places you can borrow many books as you want. 4. People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago.,a

21、s,or,so,as,6. Most people can get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 7. Its years after I painted a picture. 8. We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.,but,since,when,There was once a farmer worked very hard 1._ every day. One day when he was hoeing in the 2._ s

22、unshine, he suddenly listened a low sound 3._ “Peng!”. He turned and hurried to the tree. He found a rabbit dying. He took held of the 4._ rabbit and was exciting. “What a rabbit! Ill 5._ have it to dinner!” Then he had a good idea, 6._ “Why cant I wait for more rabbits here? Its cool under the tree

23、.” So he dropped off his hoe and wait there. But day after day, there 7._ had no more rabbits coming. What was worse, 8 _ all the his crops were dead.The story tells 9._ us that you want to get something, you must 10._ work hard for it. Remember, “No pains, no gains!”,who,heard,hold,excited,for,wait

24、ed,were,the,if,错误类型例析(9)介词错误,介词错误有介词的遗漏、副词性和连词性词组前使用多余的介词及固定搭配中的介词误用等。,1. Will you join in us if we decide to do the new experiment? 2. Lisa was working as a secretary in a big firm for the first time I met her. 3. She goes to visit her parents in the country once in a month. 4. The discovery shes m

25、ade in medicine is great importance to science.,(of),5. She had a feeling that the sad-looking man was not a person she could trust or talk. 6. It took place in the afternoon when I met you in the street. 7. We are hoping that a concert will soon be given, on which the works of Liszt will be played.

26、 8. Caribbean music is quite popular in Britain, and it is very good music to dance.,(to),(on),(at),(to),错误类型例析(10)定语从句错误,从句中缺少作主语的关系代词。从句中使用了多余的人称代词。 that与which的误用。 关系代词与关系副词的误用。 非限制性定语从句中使用人称代词、物主代词、指示代词。从句谓语动词的人称和数与先行词不一致。定语从句与强调句型误用。,1. The first passengers had left the sinking ship were women a

27、nd children. 2. The technicians took a single day to complete the work I had planned to finish it within a week. 3. All of a sudden the lights went out in the dinning-room, where the guests were having dinner there. 4. In class our teacher spoke to us about the writer and his works which were still

28、unknown to us all.,(who/that),(that),5. I dont think it is one of the best films that has ever been shown this year. 6. It was not until 1979 when he got happily back to work. 7. At that time something unexpected happened to his family, this made it necessary for him to stop school and work in socie

29、ty. 8. I decided to write Chaplin, one of his films I had seen seven years before.,(whose),(which),(that),(have),错误类型例析(11)主谓一致错误,谓语动词的人称和数与主语不一致。,1. The number of passengers killed in the accident were surprising. 2. Not every student in all the classes know the importance of mastering the English

30、language. 3. All through his life Einstein believed fighting and killing in war were wrong. 4. Going to bed early and getting up early are a good habit.,(was),(knows),(was),(is),5. Although many of the houses in the small town are still in need of repair, there have been much improvement in their ap

31、pearances. 6. The first two questions in the test paper were difficult, but the rest was easy. 7. Nick is looking for another job because nothing he does satisfy his boss. 8. Anyone can borrow books and it cost nothing to borrow them.,(has),(were),(satisfies),(costs),错误类型例析(12)名词性从句错误,主要是连接词的多余、遗漏和误

32、用。,1. It didnt matter that I would win or not. 2. If you hear something you dont understand, just listen calmly, and it will help you to make clear that you dont understand. 3. Little is known about his childhood except he began to work in a factory at the age of ten.,(whether),(what),(that),5. What

33、 the old mans son wanted to know is why the gold had been hidden. 6. What modern science and technology helps the society progress is a fact accepted by most people. 7. What the doctor really doubts is that my mother will recover from the serious illness. 8. Youre responsible to whomever is in charg

34、e of sales.,(That),(where),(whether),(whoever),错误类型例析(13)平行结构错误,在表达相同的概念是要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词想配（其时态及其他变化形式要一致），形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，短语与短语相配等。平行结构常借助于连词and, or, but,以及连词词组not onlybut also, not. but, eitheror, as well as, rather than 等。,1. He looked at the children playing under the tree and feeling very pl

35、eased. 2. Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. 3. I keep a bakery open not to do business but make sure the shop is safe.,(felt),(gives),(to),6. The first thing she could do was go up to her trainer and thanked her for all the

36、 help she had given her. 7. Charles and Linda Manson do all of these things as well as climbed buildings. 8. I told Father, Mother, Sister, all my friends what a time I had.,(thank),(climbing),(and),错误类型例析(14)词语误用,主要是对英语中的同义词、近义词辨认不清而造成的错误。,1. The teacher saw a broken cup and tried to find who had b

37、roken it. 2. It makes you good to lie in the sunshine or swim in the sea. 3. She fixed all the radios besides the smallest one, because there were no parts for it. 4. From the fact we can say whos right and whos wrong.,(out),(well),(except),(tell),5. Please open the letter and tell me what it writes

38、 . 6. The room was too cold for a ninety-year-old woman to live in, so they made a fire to get the temperature risen. 7. In my opinion, they were not possible to give up the chance of taking part in the international book fair. 8. I couldnt see a word on the blackboard as I didnt sit closely to it.,

39、(close),(likely),(raised),(about),错误类型例析(15)行文逻辑错误,行文逻辑错误是短文改错中最难的一种设计形式。要识别和改正这种错误，必须通篇考虑，从全文以及句与句之间的逻辑关系上去判断是否有与全文或句与句之间的语境不一致的错误表达。,We dont have to be doctors give somebody 1._ first aid. And we have to know how to 2. _ do first aid. If it is quick and correctly 3. _ given, we can save somebodys

40、life. Last winter, when Mike was trying to climb the tree, 4._ he lost his footing and falling off the tree. 5. _ One of his legs was bleeding bad. I tried to 6. _ give him first aid. First I tried with a clean cloth and tied my handkerchief onto the bleeding 7._ point. I ask him to hold up the leg

41、when I ran to8_ call a taxi. He was sent to hospital in the time. 9. _ And the doctor praised me what I had done. 10_,to,But,quickly,a,fell,badly,asked,the,for,一、动词形,1.动词的时态和语态错误. 2. 主、谓不一致的错误。,高考链接： When the air move, we have wind.,moves,二、名词数,指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。,高考链接2： We write to each other all the t

42、imes.,time,三、还要注意形和副,修饰名词，be动词，系动词要用形容词 修饰动词，形容词，过去分词，整个句子用副词 比较级和最高级的使用,高考链接： It is still hardly for me to write in English.,hard,四、 代词格，细领悟,1.人称代词，物主代词的使用反身代词oneself 的使用 人称代词的主格和宾格不定代词的使用 Both,all,either,neither,none的使用. 6. Whose 和whos， its和 its的区别,高考链接： I heard that Mr. Wang would teach our Engli

43、sh this term.,us,五、介词短语须关注， 习惯用法要记住,主要考查固定短语，固定介词的搭配。,高考链接： The man is sitting next his son.,to,. 冠词a, an和the的用法错误 连词but，and，or, so和although的用法错误,高考链接： What a good news weve heard. 2. Im sorry, and I wont be able to come tonight .,but,六、冠词连词常光顾,At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a

44、Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Chistmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his 1._ father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose 2._ a big one. It was almost as taller as th