直接引语与间接引语.ppt

1、GRAMMAR:DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH,OUTLINE,1.定义 2.直接引语与间接引语的转换 2.1 直接引语为陈述句 2.2 直接引语为疑问句 2.3 直接引语为祈使句 3. 练习：单项选择,1.定义,直接引用别人的原话，一般放在引号内，称作直接引语（Direct Speech）; 用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，称作间接引语（Indirect Speech）. 直接引语变间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、状语都会发生变化。 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。,2.直接引语与间接引语的转换,2.1 直接引语为陈述句 直接引语是陈述句

2、，变成间接引语时，直接引语变为say,tell等的宾语从句，由从属连词that引导，that在口语中可省略。间接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等都要作相应的变化。,（1）人称的变化 “一随主，二随宾，三不变” eg: He said, “I want to marry Atlanta. ” He said that he wanted to marry Atlanta.,(2) 时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的谓语要与主句的谓语在时态上保持一致。时态变化规律见下表：,eg： 1. His mother said to him, “youll catch a

3、 bad cold” His mother said to him that he would catch a bad cold. 2. “Im proud of what I did but I was just doing what Id been taught,” John said. John said that he was proud of what he had done but he was just doing what he had been taught.,Attention: 1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变，仍用一般现在时。 “Water boi

4、ls at 100”, the teacher said to us. The teacher said to us that water boils at 100. 2. 直接引语的谓语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语的谓语仍用一般过去时。 She said, “I went to the United States in 1989.” She said she went to the United States in 1989.,(3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化,eg: 1. I said, “I dont want to do this.” I said t

5、hat I didnt want to do that. 2. He said, “I will come here again tonight.” He said that he would go there again that night.,2.2 直接引语为疑问句,如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，直接引语变为动词ask, wonder, want to know等的宾语从句，除了人称、时态、指示代词、状语和动词变化外，还要将疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序。,（1）一般疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常由whethe

6、r和if引导宾语从句。 eg： 1. I asked her, “Have you looked at a map yet?” I asked her whether/if she had looked at a map yet. 2. “You can swim, cant you?” he asked. He asked me whether/if I could swim.,(2) 特殊疑问句 直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，直接引语变为有原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 eg： “What are they doing?” I asked George. I asked George

7、 what they were doing.,2.3 直接引语为祈使句,直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，直接引语变为不定式，作动词ask, tell, order等的宾语补足语。如果是否定祈使句，变为间接引语时，要在不定式to前加not. eg: She said, “Go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.” She told us to go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. Our

8、teacher said to us, “Dont laugh.” Our teacher told us not to laugh.,Attention: 祈使句变间接引语，要“一改二变三加四减”。一改：said（to）改为ask, told或ordered等；二变： said（to）的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语；三加：在动词原形前加to，使其变为动词不定式；四减：减掉please。 He said, “please dont take the dictionary away, Helen.” He asked Helen not to take the dictionary away

9、. Finish exercise 3 on page 12.,Answers 1. The children asked their teacher to sing a song for them. (request) 2. The mother told her child to turn off the radio. (command) 3. The dentist asked his/her patient to open his/her mouth so that he/she could see the bad tooth clearly. (request) 4. The sec

10、retary asked the woman on the phone to hold on for a minute. (request) 5. John asked his classmate if he could borrow his pen. (request) 6. The teacher told his/her student to come up to his/her office. (command),3. 练习：单项选择,1. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not mak

11、ing D. not to make Answer: D 2. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested Answer: D,3. The patient was warned _ oily (油的)food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating Answer: C 4. He asked _ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. h