英语语法课课件1.ppt

1、English Grammar,Week 1-Nouns,1. Countable & Uncountable Nouns,a. Uncountable nouns: Advice applause bacon baggage luggage clothing damage equipment furniture laughter stationery b. Individual noun（C.） collective noun（U.） poem poetry machine machinery garment clothing table, chair etc. furniture poli

2、ceman police clergyman clergy trunk, bag, etc. Luggage article merchandise news reporter (the) press,c. individual noun(C.) abstract noun(U.) laugh laughter job work letter correspondence photo photography permit permission song music d. Uncountablecountable 1) 物质名词若表示具体事物可作可数名词 Paper is made of woo

3、d. What do the papers say? Ice floats. Would you like an ice? Her hair is gray. She has gray hairs. Glass feels smooth. Id like a glass of milk. Strike while the iron is hot. We supply electric irons, not flat irons.,2) 一些不可数物质名词若表示不同种类，可有复数形式 A store selling many different teas Various soaps 3) 一些不

4、可数的抽象名词表示“某一种”“某一方面”“个体”含义时，可作可数名词 He had a good knowledge of politics. There is a certain honesty about this man which forces me admire him. She was a beauty in her youth. His room, at sixteen dollars a day, was a disappointment. CountableUncountable 可数名词表示抽象或物质意义时，作不可数用 He ate a whole chicken! Wou

5、ld you like some chicken? I reserved a single room in this hotel. Sure, theres much room for improvement.,2. Noun as modifier,a. N. + N. Danger zone trouble spot the supplier country A member state leg muscles kitchen counter Blood type b. number N.+N. A ten-pound baby a twelve-foot pole Ten two-hou

6、r lessons A three-month-old baby (时间语里常用所有格形式，比如： In two years time ten minutes break=a ten minute walk),3. Number of nouns,a. plural form 1)studios radios videos bamboos zoos 2)photos pianos solos autos kilos memos 3)Filipinos Eskimos Romeos 4)potatoes echoes heroes tomatoes 5)zeros/zeroes volcanos

7、/volcanoes cargos/cargoes mosquitos/mosquitoes 6) parties ladies rays boys plays 7) 12个变f或fe为ves calf-calves half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves loaf-loaves self-selves sheaf-sheaves shelf-shelves thief-thieves wife-wives wolf-wolves,其余都加s Beliefs chiefs cliffs safes 极少数有两种形式 Dwarf-dwarfs/dwarves h

8、andkerchief scarf Hoof wharf 8) Irregular plural forms -foot feet man men mouse mice tooth teeth goose-geese child children ox oxen -外来词 From Latin: bacterium-bacteria curriculum-curricula um a datum-data medium-dedia,Antenna-antennae Formula-formulae a ae nucleus-nuclei radius-radii us i Stimulus-s

9、timuli Appendix-appendices Index-indices ix/ex ices,From Greek Analysis-analyses Basis-bases Crisis-crises is es Diagnosis-diagnoses Hypothesis-hypotheses Thesis-theses Axis-axes Criterion-criteria on a Phenomenon-phenomena,9) 单复同形 -deer sheep salmon -craft hovercraft spacecraft -Chinese Swiss Vietn

10、amese -horsepower hertz jin yuan mu -means series species works crossroads headquarters barracks Notice: 该类名词作主语时，谓语的数取决于名词前面的修饰语。 This species of rose is very rare. There are thousands of species of butterflies. All means have been used to get him to change his mind. One means is still to be tried.

11、,复数与单数意义不同 In a few minutes he will arrive here. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. She threw her arms around his neck. Having failed to resolve their disputes at the conference table, the two countries appealed to arms. 更多单复意义不同单词示例： Air/airs ash/ashes content/contents Custom/

12、customs damage/damages Experience/experiences fund/funds,10) 复合名词的复数形式 -Looker-on son-in-law -close-up go-between drawback -man-servant woman doctor 11) 集合名词的数 常作单数的无生命物：cutlery machinery jewelry poetry merchandise 常作复数的生命物：cattle police poultry clergy 单（整体）复（个体） eg: The present government, which ha

13、snt been in power long, is trying to control inflation. It isnt having much success. The government, who are looking for a quick victory, are calling for a general election soon. They expected to be re-elected. A lot of people are giving them their support.,12) 复数形式名词的数 通常作单数的s结尾名词 News bowls darts

14、dominoes draughts AIDS mumps rickets Athens Naples General Motors the Netherlands the New York Times 通常作复数的s结尾名词 Compasses glasses jeans scales scissors Shades shorts trousers the West Indians the Alps the Himalayas the Olympic Games Belongings diggings earnings lodgings surroundings takings finding

15、s savings Arms clothes goods minutes stairs suburbs threads wages brains,可单可复的s结尾名词 No pains were spread to ensure success. Much pains has been taken. The odds are in her favor. Whats the odds? Acoustics athletics classics economics Ethics (当其表示一种学科时，作单数；当其指人们所从事的实际活动或特定事物时，作复数) Modern gymnastics ar

16、e performed with or without apparatus. The acoustics in the Festival Hall are extremely good.,名词的属格,1) s的属格形式 单数名词加s,-babys 复数名词加s,-friemens S结尾的复数名词加-doctors s结尾的专有名词加s或-Mr. Joness或Mr. Jones 并列名词表示各自所属关系- Americas and Englands problems Johns, Marys and Jacks books Cf: America and Englands problems

17、John, Mary and Jacks books,s属格与of属格的区别,一般来说，s属格表有生命，of属格表无生命。 必须用s属格的情况： a.起分类作用 childrens stories= stories for children womens college= a college for women b.成语 for heavens sake in ones eyes c. Lees friend, the singer, is a member of Chinese Musicians Association. d. 值多少钱的固定结构 twenty dollars worth

18、of gasoline,用于某些特定名词后，此类词后可省略家庭、住宅、公共建筑物 at the chemists at Bills at the dentists 必须用of属格的情况： a) 名词带有后置修饰语或同位语时： The boys ran out, obeying the directions of a man with a whistle. I took the advice of a couple I met on the train and hired a car. b) 名词为the+participle/adj. The struggle of the exploited

19、 in those areas is developing.,在同位结构中 The city of Rome the ten of us 在a/an+n.1+of+n.2结构中，此处被修饰对象不是n.1,而是n.2: A hell of a life= a hell-like life A palace of a house=a palace-like house A mountain of a wave=a wave as high as a mountain An angel of a child That fool of a ticket-inspector His huge bears paw