英语人教版八年级下册Unit8 Grammar focus 现在完成时.ppt

1、Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?,Section A Grammar Focus 乐桥镇中：江劲松,Grammar Focus,现在完成时,1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。,2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。,动词构成：have/has+v过去分词,have breakfast,I have just had my breakfast.,(现在我不饿),Im not hungry now,moved

2、 here in 2004,I still live here,I have lived here for three years.,I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.,now,past,结构：肯定： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词 否定：主语+ have / has +not + 动词的过去分词 一般疑问句：Have/Has? 肯定回答：Yes,have/has. 否定回答：No,havent/hasnt.,现在完成时的用法: (1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,I have already

3、 read Treasure Island.,I have returned the book to the library.,I have bought a new house.,现在完成时的时间状语: (1) 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中, yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 We have already finished our homework.,We havent finished our homework yet.,Have you finished doing your homework yet?,(2) 用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句

4、中,表示“曾经”或“从未”等。 Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ No, I have never been to the Great Wall. 不, 我从未去过长城。,No, never. 不， 从来没有。,现在完成时的时间状语: (3) 用副词just和before。 I have just finished my homework.,They have never visited the Great Wall before.,Have you ever been to Hong Kong before?,ever,just,

5、already,yet,e.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.,（4）. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.,2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开

6、始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。,现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词,英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的。 终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词，如:open, close , become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, die, leave, go, come, join, marry, start, stop等。,I have already borrowed a book. ,I have borrowed a book for two we

7、eks.,不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years. *His grandma has died for nine months. 可以说: He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a h

8、alf years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.,不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years. *His grandma has died for nine months. He has got up for 5minutes.,可以说: He has been in Beijing for two years.

9、He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. He has been up for 5minutes.,现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。,一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（

10、即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,have / has + V过去分词,现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He w

11、ent to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。,注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, al

12、ways, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如： today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。,She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。 I havent read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。 Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？ Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。 比较： I

13、 have seen him this morning . 我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午) I saw him this morning. 今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上) It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天),have been to 与 have gone to e.g. (1) I have been to Beijing. (2) Where is he? He has gone to Beijing. _曾经去过某地，现在不在那里，已经回来了。_去了某地，还没回来或在路上，可能还在那里。,have been

14、 to,have gone to,1.Where is John? He _ the science lab. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to 2.Where is my sister, mum? She _ to the library. She will be back soon. A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go,A,C,活学活用,3.May I speak to Lin Tao? Sorry, he is not in. He _ to Changsha. A. has bee

15、n B. has gone C. went,B,1. I _heard of that story before. A. dont have B. not have C. have not D. not to have 2. She s never been to that factory,_? A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she 3. Have you made dumplings_? No, I havent. A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before 4. Tom_ ill since last night. A. was B. is C. has been D. be 5. How long have you_ _ Nanjing? A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to,C,D,D,C,C,一 选择题,Exercise,6. How many times has Jim _that park? Twice. A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to 7. Ive_ this dic