英语语法-宾语从句(高一).ppt

1、宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause,宾语从句三要素：,连 接 词,时 态,语 序,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（陈述句的间接引语），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is eve

2、n better. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.,1. He said: “Ive left my pen in my room.”,He told me that he had left his book in his room.,She said that he would be busy.,2. She said: “He will be busy.”,复习 (把下列直接引语改为间接引语),在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略th

3、at的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,2. 宾语从句是一般疑问句（疑问句的间接引语) 连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时 ，引述动词用asked，没 有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略 She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /w

4、hether he could help her.,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。,连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose） 连接副词（when, where, how, why）因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略., The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.,The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”,4.直接引语为祈使句 直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带

5、to的不定式。引述动词有：tell, ask, order等,其句型是：tell/ask/order someone (not) to do something 。它没有时态的变化。其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同。,1)“Make sure the door is shut,”she said to her little son. She told her little son to make sure the door was shut. 2) “Dont smoke in the room,”he said to me.,He told to me not to smoke in

6、the room.,祈使句变为间接引语的规律 一改 （主句谓语动词） 二变 （呼语变宾语） 三加 （动词前加to） 四去 （please）,He said to the girl, “Do it at once.”,He told the girl to do it at once.,Mrs. Hill said, “ please sing at our party, Mary.”,Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.,She said to me, “Dont smoke in the classroom.”,She told me no

7、t to smoke in the classroom.,He said, “Lets go fishing tomorrow.”,He suggested going fishing the next day.,特殊句子改法： 1）I said to him, “Lets start at once.” I suggested to him that we (should) start at once. (let 引导的句子改成that 引导的宾语从句),2) He said: “How happy I am!” He said that he was very happy. 或 He sa

8、id how happy he was. (感叹句改成 that/what/how 引导的宾语从句),二、时态： 直接引语 间接引语,一般现在时 一般将来时 现在进行时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时,一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时,He said， “Im afraid I cant finish the work.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.,He said， “Im using the knife.”,He said that he was using the

9、knife,She said， “Ive not heard from him since May.”,She said that she had not heard from him since May.,He said， “I came to help you.”,He said that he had come to help me.,She said， “Ill do it after class.”,She said that she would do it after class.,三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he

10、go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can you tell me who are we going to meet ?,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。,that/this those/these then bef

11、ore that day/today/yesterday (the) next day,in two days time the day before the night before two days before come/go bring/take there/here,1如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等，从句不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。,注意事项,Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.,2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day. 3. 历史事件：The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,He told me that h