英国文学史及选读PPT1

1、英国文学史与选读,通过作品找意境，通过中西文学对比，让文学课升华至文化课，让我们的学生成为自己的主人。,Structure Early and Medieval English Literature Renaissance English Literature The English Literature of The 17th Century The English literature of The Enlightenment Age The Age of Romanticism The Victorian Age The 20th-Century British poetry,Early

2、 and Medieval English Literature,5 Century-1485,“Early” here means English literature in primitive and slavery society. “Medieval period” is a quite special period in English history. In Chinese “Medieval” or “The Middle Age”. The Angle-Saxons: English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlemen

3、t Anglo-Saxon Language (old English) Beowulf The Norman: Feudalism, landlord taken collectively, they establish Shakespeare as the foremost literary talent of his own Elizabethan Age and, even more impressively, as a genius whose creative achievement has never been surpassed in any age.,莎士比亚故居,莎士比亚故

4、居,1.A masterhand for every form of drama. 2.Skilled in many poetic forms, esp. sonnet 3.A great master of English language 4.The summit of the English Renaissance,Contributions,The merchant of Venice As You Like I Twelfth Night Midsummer Nights Dream,Comedy,一部洋溢着青春朝气的“乐观主义的悲剧”,Romeo and Juliet,Hamle

5、t Othello King Lear Macbeth,Tragedy,The Sonnets A Lovers Complaint The Rape of Lucrece Venus and Adonis Funeral Elegy by W.S.,Poetry,莎士比亚“四大悲剧”中的第一部，也是他的代表作。 丹麦王子哈姆莱特的故事早见于12世纪丹麦历史学家Saxo Grammaticus写的丹麦史，后法、英两国剧作家据此改编成剧本。一般认为莎士比亚的哈姆莱特系根据同时代作家基德一部现已失传的厄哈姆莱特（Ur Hamlet）改编而来的。改编后的剧本保留了原剧本的主要框架，但却被赋予了原剧本

6、所没有的感情深度与艺术魅力。,哈姆莱特,Hamlet is without question the most famous play in the English language. Probably written in 1601 or 1602, the tragedy is a milestone in Shakespeares dramatic development; the playwright achieved artistic maturity in this work through his brilliant depiction of the heros struggle

7、 with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his fathers murder.,The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark,To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, A

8、nd by opposing end them. To die: to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, tis a consummation Devoutly to be wishd. To die, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: aye, theres the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams

9、 may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: theres the respect That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressors wrong, the proud mans contumely, The pangs of despised love, the laws delay, The insolence of office, and

10、 the spurns,That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscoverd country from whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will,

11、 And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pitch and moment With this regard their currents turn awry A

12、nd lose the name of action.,To Be Or Not To BeHamlet,十四行诗起源于13世纪的意大利，16世纪上半叶由英国诗人萨利和魏阿特引入英国，风靡一时。莎士比亚的十四行诗早在1960年前发表就以手抄本的形式流传民间，其主题思想以歌颂爱情与友谊为主。这些诗共154首，分为三组。第一组（1126首）写给一位青年男子，诗人告诫他要早些结婚，生儿育女; 第二组（127152）描写一位姿色不佳的“黑肤女郎”（dark lady），诗人对他的态度是毫不掩饰的情欲；第三组（153154）与前两组毫无关系，好像是同一首诗写了两遍。在韵脚上，莎士比亚创作了自己的诗韵，即

13、有名的莎士比亚十四行诗韵：abab, cdcd, efef, gg。,A basic form of poetry consisting of 14 lines of iambic pentameter, intricately rhymed (abab,cdcd, efef, gg).,Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all to

14、o short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or natures changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall death brag t

15、hou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growst: So long as a man can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.,Sonnet 18,Sir Francis Bacon (later Lord Verulam and the Viscount St. Albans) was an English lawyer, statesman, essayist, historian, in

16、tellectual reformer, philosopher, and champion of modern science. Early in his career he claimed “all knowledge as his province” and afterwards dedicated himself to a wholesale revaluation and re-structuring of traditional learning.,Francis Bacon,Of Studies Of beauty Of friendship Of envy,Essays,Of

17、Study (excerpt) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one b

18、y one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, an

19、d are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they

20、 teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be

21、 chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.,荀子劝学,君子曰：学不可以已。青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于水。木直中绳，揉以为轮，其曲中规，虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也。故木受绳则直，金就砾则利。君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。 吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也。吾尝跂而

22、望矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远。顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆 马者，非利足也，而致千里。假舟辑者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生非异也，善假于物也。 积土成山，风雨兴焉。积水成渊，蛟龙生焉。积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步；驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。,The English Literature of The 17th Century,The Metaphysical p

23、oets About the beginning of the 17th century there appeared in England a school of poets called “Metaphysicals”. The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized,generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne was the founder of the school.,John Milton (16081674) Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics and who is both a great poet and important prose writer. Milton is the greatest English poet after Shakespeare, was the one g