第二讲---翻译.ppt

1、Brief introduction to translation,Translation,Constrast between E and C sentences,Translating methods,Brief intruduction to translation,Definition： Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and second

2、ly in terms of style. Eugene A. Nida, 1969 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最贴切的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先就意义而言，其次就是问题而言。,信：faithfulness,Criteria,达：expressiveness,雅：elegance,-严 复,the fate of men is as grim and bleak as the fate of women. Toilers and warriors. 男人的命运和女人的一样凄惨悲凉。做苦工，当战士。 男人的命运和女人的一样凄惨悲凉。做苦役，当炮灰。,I had not you known yo

3、u a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed to marry. 我还没有认识你一个月，就觉得像你这样一个人，哪怕天下男人都死光了，我也不愿意将给你。 我还没认识你一个月，就觉得像你这样一个人，在天下男人中我最不愿意和他结婚的就是你。,From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautif

4、ul, and the sight of it filled me with longing. 从那里，我可以看见下面的真个山谷，那原野、河流和村庄。这一切非常美丽，见到后使我心里充满了渴望。 从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。,Literal translation,1. literal translation（直译） 如果译文既能保持原文的内容， 又可保持原文的形式-尤其是保持原文中的比喻、形象等，就尽量采用直译的方法。 Japnese invaders were armed to teeth during WW2, but in a f

5、ew years, they are completely defeated by the Chinese people. 日本侵略者在二战时是武装到牙齿的，可是几年之后，就被中国人民彻底击败了。 血浓于水：Blood is thicker than water,Free translation,一味地为了保留原文的形式使译文变得意义含混不清甚至是晦涩难懂，还不如大胆地抛弃原文的形式而直达其意。 1. One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水后，三个和尚没水喝。 2. -我只会马走日，象走田

6、 -让你车马炮？ -I only know the most basic move. - Would you like me to allow you a handcap?,An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once travelling in China. 译文一：一个不会说中国话的英国人有一次在中国旅行。 译文二：一个英国人，不会说中国话,有一次在中国旅行。 There was an Englishman. He could not speak chinese. He was once travelling in China.,英语

7、形合（hypotaxis）；汉语意合（parataxis）,Mr. Smith was arrested when he himself was not aware what crime he had committed. 史密斯先生自己还不知道犯了什么罪，人家就把他逮捕了。,E: 语言的词语、分句以及句子借助语言形式手段（如连接词）来实现词语与句子的衔接，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。英语重形合。（竹节） C：结构松弛，多以结构简单的单句，其彼此的逻辑关系多以句序之先后加以暗示。汉语重意合。（流水）,英语重心在前；汉语重心在后,We believe that it is right and nec

8、essary that people with different political and social systems should live side by side-not just in a passive way but as active friends.,我们认为生活在不同政治和社会制度下的各国人民应该和平相处，不仅仅是消极相处，而且要积极友好相处，这是正确，而且是必要的。,It is regrettable that the aggressive market strategy of Japnese collegues and their apprentices in Ko

9、rea has resulted in destructive price erosion for consumer electronics goods.,我们的日本同行和他们韩国的“徒弟们”以其野心勃勃的市场战略破坏性地降低了民用电子产品的价格，这是令人非常遗憾的。,Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life . 生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。,The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big c

10、ountry, if only they dare to rise in the struggle, dare to take up arems and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their country. 小国人民一定能够战胜大国的侵略，只要他们敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运。 小国人民敢于斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。,英语多被动；汉语多主动,The importance of oceanography as a key to the understanding of our pla

11、net is seldom as well appreciated. 海洋学是认识我们星球的关键，其重要性人们却很少理解。 Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few questions of secondary remian to be discussed. 大部分问题已经圆满解决了，只剩下几个次要问题需要讨论。,I am afraid that I shall be laughed. 我怕大家笑话我。 The compass was invented in china four thousand ye

12、ars ago. 中国在四千年前发明了指南针。,英语多复合长句（立体）；汉语多简单短句（平面）,The traveller from the coast, who, after plodding northward for a score of miles over calcareous downs and corn-lands, suddenly reaches the verge of one of these escarpment, is surprised and delighted to behold, extended like a map beneath him, country

13、 differing absolutely from that which he has passed through. 一个从海边上来的旅客，往北很费劲地走了几十里地的石灰质丘陵和庄稼地以后，一下子到了这些峻岭之一的山脊上面，看见了一片原野，像地图一样平铺在下面，和刚才走过的截然不同，他不由得又惊又喜。,从句的翻译,I.主语从句的翻译,II. 定语从句的翻译,1.主语从句放在句首 a.按顺序 What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的话只有一般是真的。 b.主句与从句断开,在主句前加译“这”，在语气上给主语以更多的强调 That those who

14、had learned from us now excelled us was a real challenge. 像我们学习过的人反倒超过了我们，这对我们的确是个挑战。 That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着，这使人感到宽慰。,2. It is that,It is a shame that they havent notified you about it. 很遗憾他们没有把这件事通知给你。 It is a common sense that a liquid has no definite shape, yet it has a de

15、finite volume. 液体没有一定的形状，而有一定的体积，这是个基本常识。,It is n. that,b. It is +adj. that,It was obvious that he was not that kind of person as we assumed to be. 很清楚，他并不是传言中的那种人。 It is important that a scientist should look at matter from the perspective of movement. 科学家应该从运动的角度来看待物质，这是很重要的。,It is +adj+n+that,It

16、is a wise father that knows his child. It is a good dog that can catch anything. 再聪明的父亲也不一定了解自己的孩子。 再好的狗也不可能什么猎物都能捕捉到。,It is a good workman that never blunders. It is a good man that never stumbles nor a good wife that never grumbles. 智者千虑，必有一失。 世间没有不犯错的丈夫，也没有不唠叨的妻子。,It is +adj+n+that 从句肯定：“再（多么）也不会

17、（不可能） ” 从句否定：“再也会（也可能）” “没有不”,It is p.p(过去分词)+that,It is said that she just came back from America. 据说她刚刚从美国回来。 It has been found that all kinds of matter consist of atoms. 人们已经发现各种物质都是有原子组成的,It is/wasthat (强调结构),It was my brother that threw an egg at the Minister of Education yesterday. 是我兄弟昨天向教育部长

18、扔鸡蛋的。,限制性定语从句,1.译成前置定语,All the students were intoxicated with his song which was very infectious. 他那极富感染力的歌声，使所有的学生无不为之陶醉。 Everything that we saw at the Industrial Exhibition greatly interested us. 我们对在工业博览会上看到的每样东西都非常感兴趣。,2. 译成并列句,She suddenly thought of her husband who had gone to Hongkong and lef

19、t her and their children behind, and had never heard of. 她丈夫早已抛下了她和孩子，自己跑到香港了，一直没有音信，现在她忽然想起了她。,They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的；在过去，许多中国人曾为这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。,3.

20、融合法,This living “side-by-side” may cause disaggrement to develop between groups who ways of life are very different from one another. 各族生活方式不尽相同，这种“并存”可能会在他们之间产生分歧。,There were many wonderful stories to tell about the palces I visited and the people I met. 我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来奇妙的事情多得很。,非限制性定语从句,1.译成并

21、列句,a 译成并列句，省略先行词 My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment , could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them chanically. 虽然我的助手在动手做实验之前从头到尾仔细阅读了说明书，但由于他死搬硬套，不会灵活应用，所以不能取得满意的结果。,The prayers, and the meals, the lessons and the walk, which

22、 were arranged with a conventional regularity here, oppressed her almost beyond endurance. 在这而，祈祷，吃饭，上课，散步，都有一定的规律，这日子闷得她几乎透不过气来。,b 译成并列句，重复先行词,He took the idea to Bill, who liked it and ordered a secret study, made to see if it could be done. 他把这个想法汇报给比尔，比尔对此很感兴趣，命令进行秘密研究，看看是否可行。,Actually, it is no

23、t. Because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的， 而这种共同认识并不存在。,2. 译成独立句,He had talked to the President, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和总统谈过话。总统向他保证，凡是能够做到的他都将竭尽全力去做。

24、,One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 有一次暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实在是我平生鲜见的。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。,译成状语从句,1 译成表”因“的分句,We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜里也能看的很清楚。,B

25、ut he did not talk at length about the matter, which was not considered by the white House to be a particulary important question. 但他没有详细地谈到这件事，因为白宫没有把这件事情看做是一个特别重要的问题。,2. 译成表”结果“的分句,She seeks hapiness in selfish employment, where it can never be found. 她在自私的享乐中追求幸福，结果是永远也找不到幸福,There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 这个方案富于创造性，别出心裁，而且很有魄力，结果所以他们都很喜欢。,3.译成”目的“的分句,The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploitin