选修六 unit 1- unit 2 grammar 虚拟语气.ppt

1、Unit 1- Unit 2 虚拟语气,什么是虚拟语气？,虚拟语气表示所叙述的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、建议、猜测或使语气婉转。,虚拟语气的应用 一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用 二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 三、 虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句的应用 四、 特殊句型的虚拟语气 五、难点：特殊虚拟条件句,一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用,1、与现在事实相反（对现在的虚拟） 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,一般过去时,would, sh

2、ould, could, might +动词原形,If I _ a boy, I _ the army. A. were, would join B. am, shall join C. was, would join D. was, shall join,A,注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，be动词的过去式一律用were，不能用was。,2、与将来事实相反（对将来的虚拟） 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film. If he should have time next Sunday, he would go

3、 to visit the Great Wall. If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the course.,1）一般过去时,would, should, could, might +动词原形,2）should + 动词原形,3） were to + 动词原形,If he _ in a day or two, I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. had returned 2) I dont think he will

4、 attend the party. But if he _ the party, what would he wear? A. should attend B. would attend C. attend D. had attended,C,A,3、 与过去事实相反（对过去的虚拟） 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If he had come earlier yesterday, he would have seen her.,过去完成时即had + 动词的过去分词,would, should, could, might + have + 动词的过去分词,If you _ the doctors

5、advice, you would have recovered already. A. followed B. would follow C. follow D. had followed 2) I didnt know Smith was coming until now. If you had let me know yesterday, I _ to the airport to meet him. A. would have gone B. would go C. will have gone D. will go,D,A,注意：if虚拟条件句的倒装和省略：当从句中有 were, h

6、ad 或 should 时,可省略if ，把它们放在句首。 1. If I were a teacher, I would have lots of students. _ I a teacher, I would have lots of students. 2. If I had entered ruian high school, I would not sit here now. _ _entered ruian high school, I would not sit here now. 3. If we should visit Zhejiang University tomorr

7、ow, I would play basketball there. _ _ visit Zhejiang University tomorrow, I would play basketball there.,Were,Had I,Should we,二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用,1、wish + 宾语从句 I wish I were a doctor. I wish I should go abroad next year. 3) I wish I had seen the football match.,与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。,与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用

8、would, could, might + 动词原形。,与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。,注意1：以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一 样。即：(should)v. order, command/ advice, suggestion, proposal/ demand, requirement, request, desire,My demand is that she_(come) to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the

9、chemical factory_(close down).,(should) come,(should) be closed down,2、 suggest等动词 + 宾语从句（在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可省略。） 这类动词有： insist order, command advise, suggest, propose demand, require, request, desire 即:一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。 Practice：我们建议汤姆去休息一下。 We suggested that_. 他坚决要求我向他道歉。 He insis

10、ted that_.,Tom (should) have a rest,I (should) apologize to him,坚持要某人做某事,注意2：insist, suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况。,she insisted that she was right. 2) The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.,当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点，坚持认为时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。,当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。,I would rather you _(pay

11、) me now. I would rather you also _(go) yesterday. Dont come. I would rather you _(come) tomorrow.,3、 would rather+宾语从句 表示现在或将来的情况，谓语动词用一般过去式 表示过去的情况，谓语动词用过去完成时。,paid,came,had gone,根据汉语意思补全下列句子（每空一词） 如果我带钱了， 我就会借给你一些。 If I had money with me, I _ _ _ _. 2. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错了。 If he_ _ _ _ , he woul

12、d not have made such a mistake. 3. 如果下周日大雪，我们就不去滑冰了。 If there _a heavy snow next Sunday, we _ _ _ _. 4. 如果贝蒂知道你的地址，她早就给你写信了。 _Betty _ your address, she would have written to you. 5. 如果我还年轻，我会努力学习取得学位。 _ _ _,I would study hard to get a degree.,would,lend,you,some,had,taken,my,advice,were,would,not,go

13、,skating,Had,known,Were,I,young,三、 虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句的应用,He behaves as if he _(own) the house.,owned,1) She loves the baby as if it _(be) her own son. 2) I remember the whole thing as if it _(happen) yesterday.,were,had happened,even if ( even though)即使Even if he were here, he could not s

14、olve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,1、Its (high) time + (that) 该是做的时候了,should +v.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that you went. Its time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(should不可省略),四、 特殊句型的虚拟语气,2、 Its necessary/st

15、range/natural/ important/impossible/ a pity + that从句， 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形,It is important that we _(master) a foreign language. It is strange that she _(refuse) to come to the party. Its necessary that we _(study) hard. Its a pity that you _(miss) a good chance.,(should) master,(should) refus

16、e,(should) study,(should) miss,3. If only 引导的感叹句（要是.该有多好啊) 对现在的虚拟, 用过去式; 对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时。 翻译： 要是我知道答案就好了！ If only I knew the answer! 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only I hadnt missed the train!,五、难点：特殊虚拟条件句,1. 错综时间条件句:主句的谓语和条件从句的谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致, 这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做 _ 。 If you _(ask) him yesterday, you _(kn

17、ow) what to do now. If the staff _(be) more careful, the mall _(not be) on fire now. 例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实 相反,混合条件句,had asked,would know,had been,would not be,2.含蓄条件句：条件从句不表示出来，而是暗含在上下文或短语中，如介词without或but for（要不是）引导的短语，代替if引导的虚拟条件句。 Without water(=If there were no water), fish could not live. 对现在的虚拟

18、，用would/should/could/might+V原 But for your help(=If you had not helped me)，I would have failed. 对过去的虚拟，用would/should/could/might have done,情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以- - - might have done 本来可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - neednt have done 本不必做 - - - would have done 本来会去做- 你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth . 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了。I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it. 我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的。 I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. If I _ (k