修辞学头韵元韵辅韵Session2解读.ppt

1、音韵修辞格,Phonetic Figures of Speech,fnetk :和语音相关的,Phonetic Figures of Speech,1.Alliteration(头韵） ,ltren 2.Assonance（元韵） snns 3.Consonance（辅韵） knsnns 4.Onomatopoeia（拟声） ,nmtpi,Alliteration(头韵）,亦称“首音押韵(initial rhyme)” Definition: 头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现（两个或以上）开头音相同（或相似）的单词。,并不是单词首字母一致就是押头韵。 e.g. physical pai

2、n不是头韵。 my funny friends sweet zebra 头韵并不需要押韵的两个单词紧密相邻。（e.g.) deep in debt; clear as crystal,押头韵手法可以上溯到古英语(Old English)时期。 大约五世纪时，盎格鲁萨克逊( Anglo-Saxons)入侵者给英国人带来了作为现代英语(Modern English)基础的盎格鲁萨克逊语，在那时还带来一种新的诗歌形式，其主要特征就是频繁使用押头韵手法(头韵体诗歌）。,It is a very old rhetorical rtrkl device, and one of the earliest f

3、igures of speech adopted in English.,头韵的三种形式,Alliteration主要是词首元音重复（about alike)，词首辅音重复(bear bug)和词首辅音连缀(drain drink)重复三种形式。,Applicable Areas:,In poetry In prose In newspaper headings In proverbs In tongue twisters In advertisements .,头韵的修辞效果,增加语言的音乐感（运用得当的头韵可产生特殊的音响效果，使文字节奏和谐、音韵铿锵、形式对称、读起来朗朗上口）。 增加语

4、言的趣味感。 头韵可起到突出重点，加深印象，抒发感情的作用。,Marilyn Monroe,Ronald Reagan,Moaning Myrtle 哭泣的桃金娘 Marauders Map 活点地图 Polyjuice Potion 复方汤剂,In Book Titles,Pride and Prejudice Sense and Sensibility The Great Gatsby,Note: 头韵（Alliteration）不一定需要两个相邻的单词押韵。,In Twin Words（成对词）,first and foremost safe and sound saints and s

5、inners fame and fortune black and blue bread and butterbed and board,首先 安然无恙 圣人与罪人 名利 遍体鳞伤 生计 食宿,He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.,What surprises us is that they survived the accident safe and sound.,wax and wane 盈缺 twist and turn 曲折 fair and foul 好坏 might and main 尽全力 forgiv

6、e and forget 既往不咎,e.g. Hes been a good friend through fair and foul. 他一直是个患难与共的好朋友。,成对词中经常运用头韵。这类词一般有较长的历史。 Many are cliches,but are still popular because they are short and sweet.,In Proverbs(谚语）,1.Penny wise but( ) foolish. 2.Speech is ( ). Silence is gold. 3.Time and ( ) wait for no man. 4.Forbid

7、den( ) is sweet. 5.Practice makes（ ）. 6.Beauty lies in the ( )s eyes. 7.All rivers( ) to the sea. 8.Spare the rod and( )the child.,1. pound 2.silver 3.tide 4.fruit 5. perfect 6. lover 7. run 8. spoil,1.Penny wise but pound foolish. 小事聪明；大事糊涂 2.Speech is silver. Silence is gold. 雄辩是银；沉默是金。 3.Time and

8、 tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。 4.Forbidden fruit is sweet. 禁果分外甜。 5.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 6.Beauty lies in the lovers eyes. 情人眼里出西施。 7.All rivers run to the sea. 百川归海。 8.Spare the rod and spoil the child. 闲了棍子；惯坏孩子。,谚语语言精练,韵味隽永,寓意深刻,闪耀着语言艺术的光辉。谚语是一个民族智慧和文化的结晶它经世世锤炼 ,琅琅能上口, 字字珠玑，谚语在语言运用上注重声音的表

9、达效果，因而头韵修辞格便得到广泛应用 。,In Tongue-twisters,1.Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper. 2.A big black bug bit a big black bear and made the big black bear bleed blood. 3.Shesellsseashells on the seashore . And the shellsshesellsareseashells, I am sure.,笛师彼得买了一配克泡椒。,In Newspaper,Peis Pyramids Puzzle P

10、aris,Leoh Ming Pei (贝聿铭）is a Chinese American architect, often called a master of modern architecture.,The glass-and-steel pyramid for the Louvre museum (Paris,France),The Louvre Pyramid (Pyramide du Louvre) is a large glass and metal pyramid designed by Chinese architect I.M. Pei, surrounded by thr

11、ee smaller pyramids, in the main courtyard（庭院） of the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) in Paris. The large pyramid serves as the main entrance to the Louvre Museum. Completed in 1989,it has become a landmark of the city of Paris.The construction of the pyramid triggered a considerable amount of cont

12、roversy because many people felt that the futuristic edifice（宏伟建筑） looked quite out of place（不协调） in front of the Louvre Museum with its classical architecture.,Background Information,Bread Not Bombs,In Advertisements,(advertising for Spanish seashore scenic pots),Sea, sun, sand, seclusion -and Spai

13、n! 在海边、有阳光、有沙滩、幽静-更有西班牙风情!,Slim,stylish,silver.,赏析： 这则广告语篇属于描述体语篇体裁。三个用来描述这种扫描仪器特点的形容词都以辅音/s/开头，构成押头韵修辞，语言简洁工整，令人倍感时尚。,译文1：银色线条显精简，时尚光辉在闪现。译文2：外显精简之美，内藏时尚韵味。,In Poetry,The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew; The furrow（浪迹） followed free, We were the first that ever burst, Into that silent sea. 以上

14、为英国湖畔诗人柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）的名诗古舟子咏（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）中的一节.其中轻柔的辅音/ f / 巧妙地模仿了柔风轻涛的声响，创造了一种宁静的意境最后两个辅音/ s / 犹如和风吹过海面发出的咝咝声。,惠风吹拂，白浪飞溅， 船儿轻快地破浪向前； 我们是这里的第一批来客， 闯进这一片沉寂的海面。,Wherefore feed, and clothes, and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drai

15、n your sweat-nay, drink your blood! -P.B. Shelley: To the Men of England 【译文】为什么要把那些忘恩负义的雄蜂， 从摇篮一直伺候到坟墓里？ 穿衣、吃饭、保驾样样管， 让他们榨干吸尽你们的血和汗！,drone drn ：雄峰 draindren:使流干 drink,雪莱致英格兰人之歌,In Prose,Next to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.,对于好动的美国人来说，幸福不仅取决于健康、爱情、

16、舒适和温暖的家庭，还取决于汽车。,In Novels,During the whole of a dull(阴沉的）, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary（dull and depressing） tract of country; and at length found myself,

17、as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher.,The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe (published 1839),在那年秋季的一天，整个白天愁云惨雾，死气沉沉，听不到一点声音，黑压压的乌云低悬在空中。我独自骑着马，穿过一片特别阴郁肃杀的乡村，最后当黄昏渐至，暮色四合的时候，终于看到了忧郁的鄂谢尔府邸。,In Speech,“This generation of soldiers, sailors, airme

18、n, Marines（海军陆战队）, and Coast Guardsmen（美国海岸巡逻队） have volunteered in the time of certain danger. They are part of thefinestfightingforce that the world has ever known. 今天的陆军、海军、空军、海军陆战队以及海岸巡逻队冒着危险志愿参与任务。他们组成了这个星球上有史以来最强大的武装力量。 Barack Obama, Fort Hood Memorial Service Speech 奥巴马在胡德堡军事基地追悼会发表讲话（2009） 1

19、1:57,They have served tour after tour of duty indistant,different, anddifficult places. 他们在遥远、陌生、艰苦的地域为我国一次次效力.,头韵的翻译,Tiger, tiger, burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? The Tiger by William Blake (1757-1827),老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌， 烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，

20、 什么样非凡的手和眼睛 能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？(卞之琳）,老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中 燃烧着的煌煌的火光， 是怎样的神手或天眼 造出了你这样的威武堂堂？（郭沫若）,连绵词：枇杷、蜘蛛、鸳鸯、惆怅、仿佛、伶俐、忐忑、尴尬、澎湃,翻译中恰当使用头韵,在上海世博会的申办报告中，原文有“上海迅速发展成为一个充满生机和希望的城市”， 翻译：“Shanghai has been developing rapidly into a city full of vigor and vitality and showing a great promise.”,现在许多人择偶条件中有一条，要求对象既有“才”，还要有

21、“趣”，有“才”有“趣”用英语表达就可以用上头韵技巧：“a man of wisdom and wit”。如果遇上a man of wisdom and wit，可要错过机会，嫁给他做wife吧。,Wit is the ability to use words or ideas in an amusing, clever, and imaginative way. （机智）,Note:Overusing Alliteration,也许他微薄的利润不会造成严重问题。 E.g. 1) a. Perhaps his puny(微薄的） profits pose no persistently ser

22、ious problem. 2) b. It may be unlikely that his small profits will become a serious difficulty.,Assonance （元音韵),Definition: 指的是两个或以上单词中重读元音押韵。 1.phrases quite right free as a breeze fish and chips high time,The early bird catches the worm.,Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance.,Annabe

23、l Lee by Edgar Allen Poe(1809-1849),It is the last complete poem composed by American author Edgar Allan Poe. Like many of Poes poems, it explores the theme of the death of a beautiful woman.,诗中安娜贝尔李的原型被认为是坡的妻子弗吉尼亚克莱姆（Virginia Clemm）。1836年，年仅13岁的她便嫁给了坡。不幸的是，她于1847年因肺结核英年早逝，而坡也于两年后去世。本诗是爱伦坡最著名的悼亡诗，作于

24、1849年。该诗音韵优美，节奏感强，全诗着一股浓浓的凄伤之美，典型地体现出爱伦坡的诗歌创作原则，即追求音乐美和忧郁美。诗中的“Annabel Lee”共出现七次，同“sea”，“we”，“me”等单音节词相呼应，构成本诗唯一的韵脚。,It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of Annabel Lee; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than

25、to love and be loved by me.,多年以前， 在一个海边的王国里， 住着一位姑娘，也许你曾听说， 她名叫安娜贝尔李 她唯一的心思， 就是她与我的情意。,I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea; But we loved with a love that was more than love- I and my Annabel Lee; With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven Coveted her and me. 那时她和我都很年轻， 在

26、海边的那个王国里， 我俩山盟海誓 我和我的安娜贝尔李 连天堂的六翼天使 对她和我也心生妒意。,And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee; So that her highborn kinsmen came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea. 正因如

27、此，多年以前， 在海边的那个王国里， 从云间吹来的凉风 冻死我的安娜贝尔李； 于是她显贵的亲戚 把她从我身旁带离， 埋入石凿的墓地， 就在海边的那个王国里。,The angels,not half so happy in the heaven， Went envying her and me Yes！That was the reason（as all men know， in this kingdom by the sea） That the wind came out of the cloud by night， Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. 这些天使们在天上，不及我们一半快活， 于是他们把我和她妒嫉 对就是这个缘故（谁不晓得呢，在这个滨海的国度里） 云端刮起了寒风， 冻僵并带走了我的安娜贝尔.李。,But our love it was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than we Of many f