护理专业英语.ppt

1、1,Nursing English,Annie Wong 王一婷 Email: Office:7D306,2,Requirements,Preview Practice Performance,Rapture Review Repeat,Reference,护理英语人民卫生出版社 宋军主编 护患情景会话100例 东南大学出版社 李惠玲主编 医学英语单词触类旁通科学技术文献出版社 周铁成编著 医学英语听与说高等教育出版社 王丽娟主编 医学英语教学短文阅读上海外语出版社 梁正溜主编 Parkinson J, Brooker C. (2004). Everyday English for Inter

2、national Nurses. 1st ed. Churchill Livinstone.,4,Unit 1Introduction to Medical Terms,5,Learning objectives,掌握：医学英语复数形式；医学英语单词的构成法 熟悉：医学英语单词的发音基本规律 了解：医学英语的来源；医学英语的同义现象,Origin of Medical Terms,Native Words,Old English,Borrowed Words,Greek Latin French German Italian Spanish ,医学英语单词发音基本规则,开音节、重读开音节：读字

3、母音 A rate date basin E renal penis I bite glycemia O nose diagnosis U nude student,医学英语单词发音基本规则,重读闭音节、闭音节：读强弱音、弱音 A rat gland thoracic E bet retina I bit biscuit O nod toxic U null stubborn,医学英语单词发音基本规则,重读音节确定 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节,Bacillus （杆菌） Appendicitis（阑尾炎） adenoma（腺瘤） Splenoceratosis（脾硬化） Transureth

4、ral（经尿道的） streptoco cus（链球菌）,医学英语单词发音基本规则,重读音节确定 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节 两个元音一起算一个音节,Anemia （贫血） Macrosomia（巨体） Cholelithiasis（胆石病）,医学英语单词发音基本规则,重读音节确定 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节 2、重音在倒数第一音节,-rrhea diarrhea (loose bowels)腹泻 menorrhea (period)月经 amenorrhea 闭经 rhinorrhea 鼻溢,医学英语单词发音基本规则,重读音节确定 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节 2、重音在倒数第一音节 3

5、、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节,1）-y 2）-oid 3）-meter 4）部分-al结尾的词 5）部分-ate结尾的词,医学英语单词发音基本规则,-y：学科、方法、性质 Physiology （生理学） Immunity （免疫） Disability （残疾） Maternity（母性、怀孕） Gastrectomy（胃切除） Laparoscopy （腹腔镜） Bronchography （支气管造影）,医学英语单词发音基本规则,-oid 像、类、似、状 Albuminoid （白蛋白样的，类蛋白） Carotinoid （类胡萝卜素） Rheumatoid （类风湿的）,医学英语单词

6、发音基本规则,-meter 计 Thermometer （体温计） Spirometer （肺活量计） Sphygmometer （脉搏计）,医学英语单词发音基本规则,部分-al结尾的词 cerebral （大脑的） Professional （专业的） Esophageal （食道的） Laryngeal （喉的） Pharyngeal （咽的）,医学英语单词发音基本规则,部分-ate结尾的词 Permanganate（高锰酸盐） Reticulate （成网状） Aggregate （聚集） Aggravate （加重）,医学英语单词发音基本规则,重读音节确定 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节

7、 2、重音在倒数第一音节 -rrhea 3、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节,1）-y 2）-oid 3）-meter 4）部分-al结尾的词 5）部分-ate结尾的词,19,Formation of plurals,Words ending in a, retain the a and add e,Word analysis,20,Formation of plurals,Words ending in um, drop the um and add a,Word analysis,21,Formation of plurals,Words ending in us, drop the us a

8、nd add i,Word analysis,22,Formation of plurals,Words ending in ex or ix ,drop the ex or ix,and add ices,Word analysis,23,Formation of plurals,Words ending in is ,drop the is and add es,Word analysis,24,Formation of plurals,Words ending in on ,drop the on and add a,Word analysis,Synonymous phenomenon

9、 of medical terms,26,Word-formation in Medical Terminology医学英语构词法,Affixation 词缀法 Composition 合成法 Conversion 转类法 Blending 拼缀法,Backformation 逆成法 Clipping 截短法 Acronyms 首字母缩略法,27,Affixation,Prefixation Autograft isograft allograft xenograft Suffixation Immune immunity immunize immunization Combining vow

10、el O I A,RETROGASTRIC Retr-o-gastr-ic (prefix-vowel-root-sufix),28,Composition,Compound word 合成词 Open compound Heart failure / bone growth /sleeping sickness Hyphenated compound High-resolution / fat-free / bottle-feed Solid compound Windpipe / sleepwalk / overweight Neoclassical compound 新古典主义合成词 B

11、iocide / psychanalysis / biophysics ,29,Conversion,I sent you an e-mail. I e-mailed you yesterday. Can I have your e-mail address in case I need to e-mail you.,30,Blending,Part + part genome (gene + chromosome) Whole + part breathalyzer (breath + analyzer) Part + whole Medicaid (medical + aid) medic

12、are (medical + care) chemotherapy (chemical + therapy),31,Backformation,动词由名词去掉词缀而来 Chain-smoke chain-smoker Automate automation Diagnose diagnosis Ovulate ovulation Psychoanalyze psychoanalysis,32,Clipping,Exam examination Flu influenza Lab laboratory Polio poliomyelitis Psych psychology Ad adverti

13、sement,33,Acronyms,CT (computerized tomography) / RBC (red blood cell) / ECG (electrocardiogram) TB (tuberculosis) / OD (overdose) / IV (intravenous) a.c. (ante cibum = before meal) p.c. (post cibum = after meal) b.i.d (bis in die = twice a day) t.i.d (ter in die = three times a day),Homework,Readin

14、g first part “Brief History of English Language” Translate “Early Modern English”(class 1) and “Late Modern English”(class 2), and submit within 2 weeks.,35,Unit 2Word Analysis,Learning objectives,掌握：常见的词根前缀、后缀和联接词 学会:根据前缀、后缀、词根估测单词的意思,37,Word analysis,Hemat/o/logy Electr/o/cardi/o/gram Gastr/o/ente

15、r/o/logy Retro/gastr/ic Pre/nat/al,38,The three types of word part,Word roots usually indicate the involved body part Suffixes usually indicate the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease. Prefixes usually indicate the location, time, number, or status.,39,Rules for using the combing vowel,A comb

16、ining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel (a-e-i-o-u) A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant. A combining vowel is always used when two or more roots words are joined. A prefix does not require a combining vowel.,Retro/gastr/ic,Hemat/o/logy,Sub/hepat/ic,G

17、astr/o/enter/o/logy,40, Word roots Prefixes Suffixes Formation of plurals,Word analysis,41,Word roots,Adenoma Adenitis Adenology,Word analysis,Aden/o 腺体,42,Word roots,Biology Biopsy Biotherapy,Word analysis,Bi/o 生物、生命；成双的,Bicephalus Bicolor Bicycle,43,Word roots,Carcinoma Carcinosarcoma,Word analysi

18、s,Carcin/o 癌，瘤,44,Word roots,Cardiology Cardiovascular Cardiomyopathy,Word analysis,Cardi/o 心脏,45,Word roots,Cerebrum Cerebral Cerebritis Cerebrovascular accident,Word analysis,Cerebr/o 大脑,46,Word roots,Cystoscope/cystoscopy Cystoma Cystopyelonephritis,Word analysis,Cyst/o 包囊，囊肿，膀胱,47,Word roots,Cyt

19、obiology Cytocide insecticide,Word analysis,Erythrocyte Leukocyte Thrombocyte Lymphocyte Monocyte,Cyt/o -cyte 细胞,48,Word roots,Dermatitis Dermal/Dermic Dermatosis/dermatopathy,Word analysis,Dermat/o derm/o 皮肤,49,Word roots,Electroencephalogram Encephalosis/encephalopathy,Word analysis,Encephal/o 脑,5

20、0,Word roots,Gastroenterology Gastritis,Word analysis,Gastr/o 胃,51,Word roots,Hematoma Hemoglobin Hematocyte Hemogram,Word analysis,Hemat/o Hem/o 血液,52,Word roots,Hepatitis Hepatocarcinoma,Word analysis,Hepat/o 肝脏,53,Word roots,Laryngitis Laryng/o/scopy,Word analysis,Laryng/o 喉,54,Word roots,Lymph/o

21、/cyte Lymph/aden/itis,Word analysis,Lymph/o,55,Word roots,Mast/o/carcinoma Mast/itis,Word analysis,mast/o 乳房 乳腺,56,Word roots,Nephric Nephritis Nephrectomy,Word analysis,Nephr/o 肾脏,Ren/o,Renal,57,Word roots,Neurology Neural Neuralgia,Word analysis,Neur/o 神经,58,Word roots,Oncologist Oncotomy,Word ana

22、lysis,Onc/o 肿瘤，肿块,59,Word roots,Ophthalmic Ophthalmectomy Ophthalmalgia,Word analysis,Ophthalm/o 眼睛,60,Word roots,Osteoarthritis Osteoarthropathy,Word analysis,Oste/o 骨骼,61,Word roots,Pathologist/Pathology Pathologic Pathoglycemia,Word analysis,Path/o,62,Word roots,Psychosis Psychology psychologist,

23、Word analysis,Psych/o,63,Word roots,Rhin/o/rrhagia Rhin/o/plasty Rhin/itis,Word analysis,Rhin/o 鼻子,64,Word roots,Hemat/uria Ur/emia,Word analysis,ur/o ;urin/o 尿,65,Prefixes,a-,an-,ab Anemia Abnormal Abacterial Anallergic auto- Autopsy Autoimmune Autoantibody dia- Diagnosis Diameter,Word analysis,66,

24、Prefixes,dys- Dysentery Dysarthrosis endo- Endocrine Endomyocarditis exo- Exocrine,Word analysis,67,Prefixes,hyper- Hyperglycemia Hypertension hypo- Hypodermic Hypoglycemia Hypotension pro- Prognosis Pronucleus Proerythrocyte,Word analysis,68,Prefixes,re- Reevaluate Reexamine retro- Retrogastric Ret

25、rocardiac sub- Subhepatic Subrectal,Word analysis,69,Prefixes,trans- Transurethral Transdermal Transabdominal,Word analysis,70,Suffixes,-al neural enteral -algia arthralgia neuralgia -cyte leukocyte erythrocyte -ectomy gastrectomy nephrectomy -emia leukemia hyperglycemia,Word analysis,71,Suffixes,-g

26、lobin hemoglobin -gram hemogram arthrogram -ic gastric nephric dermic -ism hyperthyroidism feminism -itis gastroenteritis nephritis,Word analysis,72,Suffixes,-logist neurologist endocrinologist -logy nephrology gynecology -oma hepatoma carcinoma -opsy biopsy autopsy -osis nephrosis gastrosis,Word an

27、alysis,73,Suffixes,-scope gastroscope laparoscope -scopy laparoscopy arthroscopy -sis diagnosis prognosis -tomy neurotomy lapraotomy,Word analysis,74,Suffixes -reviewing,-ectomy VS -tomy -osis VS -sis -scope VS -scopy,Word analysis,75,76,Expanding your knowledge,Colloquial English Idioms: parts of t

28、he body Phrasal verbs Professional and General Nursing School,77,Colloquial English,Anus - back passage Bladder waterworks Bowels gut Brain headpiece, noodle, nut Breast bosom, chest, nipples,Parts of the body,78,Colloquial English,Elbow funny bone Enlargement of abdomen in older people middle-age s

29、pread Eye optics, peepers To be boss-eyed; to be cock-eyed To have a lazy eye,79,Colloquial English,Genitals down below, private parts, thing Head brain-box, brain-pan, skull Heart engine To have a dicky heart Lungs bellows, tubes To be short-winded,80,Colloquial English,Legs bandy legged (bow), dru

30、msticks, knock-kneed, peg leg, pins To have a gammy leg To have ducks disease To be bad on ones pins Navel belly button,81,Colloquial English,Nose beacon; to be blocked up; stuffy Spine backbone Stomach abdomen, tummy To burp To have a gastric stomach To have a pain in ones guts,82,Colloquial English,Throat organ-pipe, windpipe A churchyard cough Phlegm To have a frog in the throat To have a throat Tongue furred, furry, thick Urethra pipe, waterpipe,83,Colloquial English,Constipation To be bunged up To be costive I havent been for 4 days. Defaecate To do a big job To have the bowels opened