简单句的5种基本类型201808

1、简单句的五种基本类型 让汉语和逻辑把英语语法变简单！ 宋玲 2018年8月2日,学习简单句的目的和作用：,2、分清句子主次成分，化繁为简；,3、快速找到谓语动词，理解句子核心意思；,4、帮助形成复合句和并列句的概念；,5、帮助理解谓语和非谓语动词的概念；,6、判断句子正误（完形、改错，写作等）； 7、理清句子层次，理解长难句的基础； 8、提高阅读效率和准确性。,1、巩固词性概念；,核心武器： 1、大部分汉语语法知识可以迁移使用； 2、利用逻辑和常识帮助理解、归纳语法；,已有句子成分知识（迁移汉语） 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、 表语/补语、定语、状语 主要成分：主语和谓语 （谓语动词决定是否跟

2、宾语、补语） （补语包括主补和宾补） 次要成分：定语、状语,主语S：表明“什么人”，“什么事”；,谓语V：说明主语的动作或状态， 即，“做什么”，或“怎么样”；,补语C：补充说明主语或宾语的情况， 如：身份、特征、状态等；,定语At.：修饰名词或代词的词； 状语Ad.：修饰动词、形容词或副词的词； 主补/表语：补充说明主语的情况。 宾补：补充说明宾语的情况。,已有句子成分知识（迁移汉语）,宾语O：动作行为的对象；,3.The red sun rises in the east. 4.The handsome teacher is smiling.,5.We all have had break

3、fast. 6.I enjoy self-studying.,生活中的任何简单句,1.I am an English teacher. 2.The weather is very hot.,7.She gave me a very expensive present. 8.Please pass me the salt on the table.,9.I hit his face swollen. 10.I made these students interested in English.,2. S+Vi;,3. S+Vt+O;,归纳五大句型,1. S+V系+C;,4. S+Vt+O+O;,

4、5. S+Vt+O+C;,总结规律,1、均有S和V，即主语部分+谓语部分, 特别是V;,2、只有一个V(包括并列的V), 是句子结构和意思的核心; 3、决定句型的就是V。,英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚, 同学们，要糊涂也难那!,谓语动词分类,1、系动词(be): (1)含“是”意义，表可能性大小：be, prove，seem, appear e.g.: The design proved to be a success. (2) 感官动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look; e.g.: I

5、am feeling fresh and energetic. (3) 表状态变化:become, get, grow, turn, go等； e.g.: He got angry. He got a new car. (4)表状态延续：remain, keep, stay e.g.: Keep quiet, please.,2、Vi, 本身意思完整，无需宾语； 3、Vt1=Vt+O 意思不完整，必须跟一个宾语； 4、Vt2=Vt+O+O, 意思不完整，必须跟双宾语； 5、Vt3=Vt+O+C, 意思不完整，必须跟宾语+宾补；,谓语动词分类2&3, 怎么区分Vi和Vt？ happen, run

6、(跑), die, smile, rise, arrive, leave, fly, etc. teach, kiss, tell, run(经营), want, eat, hit, love, hate,etc.,(2)根据汉语填空判断， A、我 他； B、他被我 。若成立，是 ；不成立，则 。 e.g.1我教他。 他被我教。 (） e.g.2他发生车祸。 车祸被他发生。(x) e.g.3 我跑路。 路被我跑。(x) e.g.4 我经营公司。公司被我经营。(）,(1)根据汉语意思和逻辑，完整还是不完整；kiss,谓语动词分类,5、Vt3=Vt+O+C用法； 通常为带有广义“使役”意思的动词及

7、感官动词，make, ask, call, keep, let, have, look, see, observe, hear,4、Vt2=Vt+O+O用法；, 通常为带有广义“给”意思的动词， give, show, buy, order, pass, teach, bring, deliver, etc.,EXERCISES,I. 判断下列句子属于何种句式,You are sitting on the train home. There comes the bus ! 3. Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday. 4.We think it

8、 our duty to study well. 5. I bought a new bike. 6. Your teaching sounds very interesting.,(S+Vi),(S+Vi),(S+Vt+Od+Oi),(S+Vt+O+C),(S+Vt+O),(S+V系+C),II. 改错 He came the room. The music sounds. I have seen. He gave a pen me.,(He came into the room.),(The music sounds wonderful.),(I have seen the film.）,

9、(He gave me a pen/a pen to me.),EXERCISES,5. I am hate English. 6. I heard the birds sang in the morning.,(I heard the birds sing in the morning.),(I hate English. ),III. 判断句子成分,My sister is a nurse. They are drinking. They are drinking tea. The old man walks in the park. She passed him the salt. We

10、 keep the table clean. They work hard. 8. The flower is dead. 9.We should keep the plants in the shade.,总结和拓展,一套主谓即为一个简单句； 可加入At.和Ad.次要成分； 句子核心就是谓语动词，其决定句子类型。 两套以上简单句组合为：复合句和并列句,复合句的形成： 1、两套句子均有完整的主谓； 2、两套句子有主次之分，即主句和从句； 3、主句和从句之间必须有 ； 4、已知的几种 ； 5、已知主从句组合方式有 ； 6、因此复合句可分为： ；,复合句的形成： 引导1：I hit his fac

11、e swollen. ( why/when) I hit his face swollen because his words offended me. I hit his face swollen when I met him last time. 引导2：The dog died. (which dog) The dog (whose name) was Zhuangzhuang died. 引导3：All the students understood the grammar. (which grammar) All the students understood the grammar (that we studied just now.) 引导4：The mat