英汉汉英建筑词汇

1、目录content建筑architecture土木工程civil engineering建筑知识building knowledge建筑工地building site建筑机械building machinery结构构件structural elements 下部结构substructure上部结构superstructure混凝土工程concrete work钢筋reinforcement模板工程formwork砖石工程brickwork钢与金属结构工程steel-and metalwork木作工程timberwork屋面管道及饰面roofs、plumbing and finishes alp

2、habetical index of建筑技术名词索引technical terms in construction建筑architecture房屋建筑structural architecture室内建筑interior architecture园林建筑landscape architecture环境建筑environmental architecture建筑物的一些类型some types of building住宅house home dwelling错层式住宅split-level house坡地住宅stepped hillside house半独立式住宅semi-detached ho

3、me联列式住宅区terrace-house development别墅bungalow cottage 公寓flat apartment 单身公寓bachelor棚屋shack shanty shed hut娱乐中心recreation center室内游泳池indoor swimming pool多层建筑multi-storey block 高层建筑high-rise block商业建筑business premises建筑师承担以下工作an architect renders the following services设计design初步设计preliminary design施工设计f

4、inal design草图sketch 图纸drawing钢筋混凝土梁设计design of a reinforced concrete beam质量管理supervision现场质量管理site supervision工程质量管理project supervision预算师quantity surveyors预算师的工作a quantity surveyors service are 概预算estimates确定工作量determination of quantities编制工程量表preparation of bills of quantities组织投标request for tende

5、rs(quotations、bids)签订合同award of contracts结算accounting设计工作一览表list of planning work performed by由建筑师承担的工作the architect方案草图preliminary sketch初步设计preliminary design位置图key plan、block plan总体规划图master plan 总图general layout详图设计detail design施工图working design详图detail drawing预留孔洞图recess drawing现场质量管理site super

6、vision验收final approval进度表time schedule由结构工程是承担的工作the engineer静力计算static calculation模板图formwork drawing配筋图reinforcement drawing由预算师承担的工作the quantity surveyor工程量表bills of quantities组织投标calling for tenders合同contracts付款程序payment schedule由顾问承担的工作the consultant可行性研究feasibility study experts opinion专家意见exp

7、erts survey experts report建筑名词architectural terms未完工建筑unfinished building建筑系数coverage建筑占地面积covered area建筑体积cubage、cubical content居住面积living area商业面积commercial area住宅区residential area住宅区方案housing scheme住宅小区housing colony创建工程turnkey project工业区industrial area工业发展区industrial development建筑造价building cost

8、s分期付款progress payment末次付款final payment图纸drawing 、plan绘制图纸to prepare a drawing平面图plan局部平面图part plan索引图key plan布置图layout北立面图north elevation剖面图cross section 、transversal section纵剖图longitudinal section视图view 全景图panoramic view轴测图isometric view鸟瞰图birds-eye view仰视图worms-eye view透视图perspective view图签caption

9、 of a drawing图名subject工程项目project图号drawing number比例scale日期date制图drawing by校对checked审核approved by修改revision更正correction详图及施工图detail & working drawing方案设计及地形测量图scheme designs & land surveyors drawings不按比例n.t.s(not to scale)吋的分尺寸通常用分数表示parts of an inch are usually given in fractions常用分数use these fracti

10、ons避免用avoid绘图to draw制图to draught制图员draughtsman描图to trace做草图to sketch图例legend打斜线hatched涂黑smudged虚线（点线）dotted broken line虚线（划线）intermittent gestrichelt修改revision变更alteration检查、补充survey建议proposal设计的布置图proposed layout参考reference参考图reference drawing图注notes on drawings本图应与 号图配合使用this drawing is to be read

11、 in conjunction with drg.no.所有尺寸均应现场测定all measures(dimensions)are to be taken(checked)on site任何问题均应与建筑师协商解决any queries to be clarified with the architect网格grid网格线grid line中心线、轴线centre line各种修改various revisions修正revised改变changed调整adjusted删除deleted变更altered由 代替superseded by合并incorporated增加added引用intro

12、duced定位located绘图纸drawing papers描图纸tracing papers蓝图copies of drawings优质绘图纸cartridge paper or Bristol board房间a room壁炉fireplace烟囱chimney顶棚ceiling墙wall地面floor见详图see detail砖墙brick wall墙面砖wall tile凹圆踢脚coved skirting地面砖floor tile钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slae顶棚板ceiling board壁纸wall paper抹会打底plaster renderi

13、ng护墙板wall panel木踢脚板timber skirting木地板timber flooring抹会顶棚plaster ceiling墙角线条cornice抹灰墙面plastered wall建筑物a building层storey多层建筑multi-storey building建筑场地building site屋面roof屋面坡度roof pitch阁楼attic阳台balcony窗心墙parapet二层first floor底层ground floor地下室basement 雨棚canopy上部结构super-structure栅栏fence下部结构sub-structure基础

14、foundations下层地下室sub-basement上层super floor下层lower floor夹层mezzanine floor私人住宅a private home边界线boundary草坪llawn起居室living room书房study餐室dining room厨房kitchen备餐室pantry洗衣间laundry后院back yard厕所toilet 、wc走道passage门厅hall入口entrance覆盖面积covered area过道throughpass工作间workshop杂物间utility汽车棚carport室外起居平台outdoor living ar

15、ea游泳池swimming pool平台terrace工具间utensil room凹室alcove化妆室dressing room浴室bathroom淋浴shower单人卧室single bedroom双人卧室double bedroom阳台balcony凉廊loggia阁楼attic地窖cellar储藏室store room蒸汽浴室sauna管道间utility distribution酒吧间basement bar煤仓bunker办公楼层an office floor薄计室bookkeeping 档案室filing 秘书室secretary行政办公室administration打字室ty

16、pist经理办公室managers office接待室reception门厅lobby电梯lifts交换台switchboard电传打字机室telex-room会议室conference room主要办公室main office办公小间office cubicles工地负责人办公室site supervisors office茶点厨房teakitchen复印间printing room安全出口fire escape男厕所mens toilet女厕所womens toilet衣帽间cloar room样品储藏间store for samples办公室负责人office supervisor建筑设

17、计部门architectural department工业建筑industrial building工厂factory、mill、works、plant汽车厂car factory造纸厂paper mill印刷厂printing works水泥厂cement plant厂房room、hangar吊车跨crane bay机器间machine room纺纱间spinning room锯齿形房屋结构sawtooth roof structure生产跨production bays将来扩建future extension已建existing拟建proposed预留future夹层mezzanine f

18、loor走道aisle货架stack提升叉车fork lift truck主体建筑main building辅助建筑附属建筑auxiliary building行政管理处administration厂部办公室head office门卫室gate keepers office原材料仓库raw material store石棉碾磨asbestos milling准备区preparation bays生产区production bays堆料区stacking bays成型工段moulding department卡车装车处lorry loading火车装车处railway loading模型堆场mo

19、ulds stockyard烟囱chimney锅炉房boiler house蓄水池water reservoir电力、上下水等管线services for power、water etc变电站substation沉淀池settling tanks废料回收hard waste recovery废料堆放场hard waste dump修理间workshops备品库accessories store食堂canteen卫生所sanitary building生活间welfare building修理间堆场workshop storage area成型产品moulded products仓库covere

20、d storage area堆场open storage area发货处dispatch control铁路专用线railway siding土木工程civil engineering土木工程civil engineering 房屋及建筑house and building塔及多层建筑tower and multi-storey blocks各种结构structures of all kinds建设工程construction engineering桥梁及旱桥bridges and viaducts隧道及铁路tunnels and railway挡土墙retaining walls道路及机场r

21、oads and airfields结构理论theory of structures结构理论theory of structures解析几何analytic geometry投影几何sciagraphy数学mathematics计算尺slide rule结构分析structural analysis静力static forces结构设计structural design数学计算过程mathematical proceedings静定statically determined超静定statically undetermined分析analysis分配distribution分解decomposi

22、tion决定determination方程式equation比例ratio几何geometry水平horizontal垂直vertical倾斜inclined空间space点point项term线line位置locality弦chord切线tangent平面plane面积area容积content volume圆circle正方形square矩形rectangle梯形trapezium三角形triangle等角symmetrically angled直角right angled斜角oblique锐角acute angled钝角obtuse angled等腰isosceles不等腰asoscel

23、es等边with equal sides不等边with unequal sides立方体cube圆柱体cylinder圆椎体cone棱柱体pyramid材料性能properties of material尺寸size面积area断面面积sectional area重心center of gravity重量weight容重density比重specific gravity强度strength solidity柔性flexibility坚固性consistency抵抗矩section modulus惯性矩moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration弹性模量modu

24、lus of elasticity静力名词static terms应力stress力矩moment弯矩bending moment剪力shearing force承压力bearing pressure强度strength荷载种类types of loads设计荷载design load允许荷载permissible load实际荷载actual load恒载dead load活荷载live load外加荷载imposed load风荷载wind load雪荷载snow load检修荷载repair load轮压wheel pressure重要外加荷载important imposed load

25、s集中荷载point load、single load、concentrated load均布荷载uniformly distributed load线性荷载line load三角形荷载triangular load块状荷载block load递增荷载,在一定频率时增加的荷载swelling load，load increasing with a certain frequency附加荷载superimposed load力forces荷载 重量load、weight平衡重counterweight平衡equilibrium压力pressure拉力tension吸力suction摩擦力fric

26、tion冲击力impact扭力torsion粘结力bond剪力shear推力thrust压力compression纵向压力longitudinal compression力的作用application of force中心centrally偏心eccentrical纵向轴力longitudinal axial force跨度spans净宽clear width净空clearance跨度span有效高度effective height细长度slenderness全长overall length悬臂长度length of cantilever支座supports自由支座free supports嵌

27、固长度length of restraint固端fixed end restraint拱座桥台abutment变形deformations弯曲bending flexion挠度deflection双向挠曲deflection in two directions伸展expansion dilatation收缩contraction膨胀swelling纵向弯曲buckling受弯压曲flexural稳定性stabilities抗倒塌稳定性stability against collapse抗倾覆稳定性stability against tilting抗滑移稳定性stability against

28、sliding建筑知识building knowledge组织关系organization scheme建筑物业主building owner、promoter、client建筑师architect土木工程师civil engineer预算师quantity surveyor总包main contractor分包subcontractors工长foreman技工qualified man 、skilled man 、journeyman普工unqualified man 、unskilled man建筑技术工人building craftsmen 、building artisans瓦工bri

29、cklayer石工mason混凝土concrete worker钢筋工rod bender、rod fixer抹灰工plasterer木工carpenter白铁工sheetmetal worker、tin smith管工plumber电工electrician铁匠smith 、locksmith细木工joiner五金安装工ironmonger玻璃工glazier贴砖工tiler铺地工floor layer油漆工painter裱糊工paperhanger建筑工程building work挖土工程excavation work混凝土工程concrete work模板工程form work、shut

30、tering work、boxing work钢筋工程reinforcing work木工工程carpentry work白铁工程sheetmetal work屋面铺瓦工程roof tiling work防水工程water proofing work管道工程plumbing work隔热保温工程insulating work电气安装electrical installation锻铁工程blacksmith work抹灰工程plaster work、rendering work细木工程joinery work五金安装工程ironmongery work玻璃安装工程glazing work贴砖工程

31、tiling work水磨石工程terrazzo work地面铺设工程floor laying work油漆工程painting work裱糊工程wallpapering work建筑材料building materials石灰lime水泥cement石膏gypsum熟石膏plaster of paris砂sand砾石gravel、stone砖brick空心砌块hollow block木材timber 低碳钢、软钢mild steel瓦roofing tile油毡roofing felt钢筋reinforcing钢管steel pipe隔热保温材料insulation material油灰胶泥

32、putty 、mastic面砖石板tile、slate涂料（指一般油漆）paint壁纸wallpaper标高levels基准标高datum elevation板面、梁面等无面层的结构面标高top of slab、top of beam、etc level lf structure without finish面层顶面，有面层的结构面标高top of finish、level of structure with finish楼地面标高finished floor level二层楼板标高floor slab板底标高soffit顶面标高top level底面标高bottom level缝joins原

33、浆勾缝jointed平缝butt joint凹缝open jointV型缝splayed joint伸缩缝expansion joint密封条sealing strip fugenband突出protruding projecting平齐flush bundig凹进recessed切口rebate rabbet榫槽groove直榫tongue企口连接tongued and grooved壁凹与孔洞recesses and openings洞口opening墙洞wall opening开通的open throughout楼板洞floor opening壁凹recess不开通的not open t

34、hroughout凹口pocket洞孔mortice、mortise预留栏杆洞form mortices for balusters暗线槽conduit地沟duct沟槽channel墙槽wall conduit凹槽groove地槽floor duct直线与斜线straight and skew平的plane斜的skew直的straight锥形的tapered斜坡slope作出坡度laid to falls炉渣混凝土breeze concrete圆阴角coving圆阳角arris rounded倒角splay一个波段a corrugation波峰top of corrugation波谷valle

35、y of corrugation技术名词缩写some technical abbreviations钢筋混凝土R.C. reinforced concrete预制混凝土P.C.C. precast concrete低碳钢M.S. mild steel镀锌铁皮G.I. galvanized iron铸铁C.I. cast iron石棉水泥A.C. asbestos cement交流电A.C. alternating current直流电D.C. direct current三相电 three phase current总长O/A overall length中至中CCS from center

36、to center剖面通过SECTHRO section through概述general地点stand基址plot地产estate场地site吊装erection建筑物的吊装erection of a building机器安装installation of a machine厂房建成implementation of a plant拆毁damages 倒塌 collapse倾覆tilting裂缝crack发霉mould、fungus泛碱efflorescence蒙灰及烟熏dust and soot翘曲warp杂项sundries竣工wrought wrot锻造beim schmied细木做b

37、eim schreiner粗木作beim Zimmermann上梁宴请，封顶仪式topping-out ceremony roof wetting party防护proof防水water proof防湿moisture proof防潮damp proof防蒸汽steam proof防水汽vapour proof气密air-tight防虫vermin proof隔声sound proof其他miscellaneous界限margin旁注marginal notes层ply二层two ply三层three-ply可移动的可拆卸的removable demountable格珊grating颗粒分级g

38、rading样板template gauge小间cubicle booth厕所间toilet cubicle出纳间tellers booth电话间telephone box小册子pamphlet散叶leaflet说明书prospectus安装说明fixing instructions建筑工地building site工地测量survey of site工地抄平leveling of site基准横档sight rail龙门板batter board建筑用水准仪builders level经纬仪theodolite钉龙门板pegging of batter boards准线wire木桩peg建筑

39、工作building operations现场管理site supervision工地设施site installations施工道路site road builderroad临时接水temporary water connection储仓筒仓storage bin、silo工地办公室site office工房barracks工地食堂site canteen工地试验室field laboratory工地清理site clean-up job clean-up建筑机械building machinery落锤drop hammer 履带式装载机crawler-loader铲shovel挖掘机exc

40、avator shovel动力铲power shovel起重臂boom jib戽斗bucket履带caterpillar track反铲backacting shovel挖泥机dredger抓斗grab grabbing bucket混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer混凝土搅拌厂concrete plant泵pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷浆机guniting machine压路机roller起重机cranes旋转塔式起重机rotating tower crane悬臂式起重机saddle jib crane动臂式起重机swing jib crane配重counter-we

41、ight起重机行走架crane-carrier 起重滑车hoist block卷扬机hoist起重小车trolley脚手架scaffolding压缩机compressor混凝土振动器concrete vibrator风钻pneumatic drill风动锤pneumatic hammer电锤electric hammer抹灰机plastering machine发动机engine电动机motor结构构件structural elements结构构件structural elements上部结构super-structre柱column楼梯stairs离心窗parapet楼板slab梁beam外

42、墙external wall室外地面ground level防潮层DPC防潮层面DPC level墙基plinth地沟duct基础footing下部结构sub-structure地面、地形ground、terrain平地flat ground地面斜坡slope of ground自然地面natural ground 自然土natural soil原土original soil填土filled soil堤坡embankment几种土壤some type of soil植物质vegetable matter腐根dead roots表土topsoil耕土gardening soil下层土subsoi

43、l石砾石stone、gravel漂石boulders粘土clay软质岩石soft rock硬质岩石hard rock含有漂石的一般土壤common ground interspersed挖土excavation土方工程earthworks清理场地的灌木、树丛、杂草及所有植物质clearance of site of shrubs、bushes、grass all vegetable matter槽trench沟ditch槽为垂直边帮a trench has vertical sides沟为倾斜边坡a ditch has sloping sides挖出的土excavated material余土

44、surplus material地面水surface water明沟channel挡土板planking地下水位level of ground water地下水ground water、subsoil water斜撑bracing横撑strutting排水water removal找平drainage基础 foundation基础footing基座base墙基wall footing 基础底板foundation slab设备基础machine base楼板floor slab带形基础strip foundation联系梁tim beam基础踏步stepping of foundation基础

45、底面bottom of foundation打桩piling板桩sheet wall piling承台pile cap表面摩擦力skin friction桩pile桩足pile foot挡土墙retaining wall重力墙gravity wall坝dam土坝earth dam地沟ducts隧道tunel地下停车场underground parking地沟duct通行地沟accessible duct格珊或盖板grating or slabs明沟open floor duct暗线管暗地槽conduit半圆型地沟half-round floor槽groove基础处剖面section throu

46、gh foundation工作区working space外墙perimeter wall砂浆面层及凹圆踢脚screed with coved skirting夯实砾石层hardcore垫层blinding侧砌砖垫层brick soling laid on edge挖土工程说明some notes to excavations灌注混凝土前基槽的地面应经工程是验收the bottom of excavation shall be inspected and approved by the engineer before concrete is placed局部松软土壤均应清除，其洞坑应用规定的材

47、料填平并夯实pockets of soft ground shall be removed and resulting voids filled with approved material and consolidated基槽的边帮应用挡土板及横撑妥善支牢，以防塌方sides of excavation shall be adequately supported by planking and strutting to prevent collapse回填土应分层铺设，每层厚度不超过200毫米并全部用规定的方法夯实filling shall be deposited in layers no

48、t exceeding 200mm thick and thoroughly compacted by approved means剩余的土方应当均匀平铺在指定的场地上或从现场运走surplus excavation material shall be deposited spread and leveled on site where directed or removed from the site柱columns砖或混凝土柱columns of brickwork or concrete支柱pillar垛墩pier壁垛buttress变截面taper型钢柱stanchion管tube外径

49、outside 管式脚手架tubelar scaffolding小柱mullion工字梁Ibeam组合型钢柱columns of compound section木柱columns of timber撑prop柱post杆pole墙walls外墙external wall内墙internal wall周边墙perimeter wall隔墙partition wall围护墙enclosure wall防火墙fire wall共用墙common wall承重墙load bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall女儿墙parapet wall花格墙screen wall装饰墙d

50、ecorative wall围墙boundary wall梁beams单跨梁single span beam连续梁continuous beam简支梁sub-spended beam固端梁fixed-end beam下翻梁down-stand beam板梁flush beam strip上翻梁inverted beamT型梁T-beam小梁joist过梁lintel斜腋tapered haunch圈梁perimeter beam装饰梁fascia beam托梁spandrel beam基础梁plinth beam连系梁tie beam板slabs缘或边edge or side板slab板底so

51、ffit简支板suspended slab嵌固板fixed-edge slab单向板one-way slab双向板two-way slab肋型板ribbed slab肋形梁板结构slab and joist ribbed construction井字形梁板groined slab伞型柱顶无梁楼板mushroom slab底面露明或做平open or smooth soffit悬臂板cantilever slab托座bracket框架frames框架framework转角joint框架结构frame structure 结构框架structure frame骨架skeleton自由简支suspe

52、nded固定restrained fixed填充墙infill 填充砖墙fill-in brickwork构架lattice work墙板wall panel支撑brace屋顶类型roof types屋面坡度roof pitch双坡屋顶double pitch roof gable roof单坡屋顶single pitch roof平屋顶flat roof雨棚canopy锯齿形屋顶sawtooth roof拱圆顶dome cupola伞形屋顶mushroom roof锥形屋顶tent roof四坡屋顶hip roof壳体屋顶shell structure roofs楼梯与踏步stairs and steps踏步steps踏步平板tread踏步竖板riser防滑条reeding踏步突沿nosing楼梯间staircase 栏杆railing扶手handrail休息平台landing梯段板waist slab平台板landing slab有平台及梁的悬挑楼梯suspended staircase with landing and beams螺旋楼梯spiral stai