动词不定式的被动式U2B7.ppt

1、Unit 2 Robots Grammar,动词不定式的被动语态,主动语态 （the active voice）,被动语态（the passive voice）,语态,I will buy a car .,A car will be bought by me.,Grammar,Music is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.,转换规则：,Miss Li is teaching music now.,复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done （以 the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book _. 一般

2、/过去将来时: The book _. The book _. 现在/过去进行时： The book _. 现在/过去完成时: The book _. 情态动词： The book _.,is/ was published,will/would be published,is/was going to be published,is/was being published,has/had been published,can/could/may/mightbe published,复习to do的时态：,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,He seems to know this. I

3、hope to see you again. Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to be eating something. They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years.,与谓语动作同时发生,发生在谓语动作之后,发生在谓语动作之前,动作正在进行,在谓语动作之前发生持续到现在,to be done,to have been done,to do,to have done,to be doing,to have been doing,动

4、词不定式的被动语态 1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式： 1）一般式 （not/never ）to be done 2）完成式 （not/ never） to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）,.,Complete the sentences with the given words, using the proper forms.,.,.,It is an honour for me_(ask) to speak here. She asked _(send) to work in Xinjiang. He wanted the letter_ (type

5、) at once.,to be asked,to be sent,to be typed,Logical subject?,1. The dishes need,2. The mail is intended,Sentence making,wash,send,to be washed.,to be sent.,3. The singer refused,4. The house is,photograph,sell,to be photographed.,to be sold.,5. The wall is expected,paint,to be painted.,frighten,6.

6、 The bird seems,to be frightened.,Please find the infinitives and their logical subjects.,He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. The book is said to have been translated into many languages. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.,下午要开的会议很重要. ( 2) 这所房子似乎自从他出生

7、就已经建好.,More examples:,The meeting to be held is of great importance,The house seems to have been built since he was born.,填空,1.The temple _(repair) next week is old 2.Those boys like to _(take) to the cinema tonight. 3.He pretended to _(bite) by the dog last month. 4.I am sorry to _(keep) you waitin

8、g so long. 5.He seems to_(punish) by his teacher yesterday.,to be repaired,be taken,have been bitten,have kept,have been punished,2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1) 做主语（常用it做形式主语） To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. 2) 做表语 明年, 这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。,It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by .,The

9、 new drug is to be tested out on the 500 overweight people next year.,3) 做宾语 She didnt like to be treated as a child.,4) 做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be transformed.,5）做定语 英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。,The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London.,6）做状语 他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知 所有

10、的票都卖完了。,He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.,“to be done” 能做： 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语,不定式的主动形式表示被动,1. 在there be结构中。 There is a lot of homework to do (to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).,2. 在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy, diffic

11、ult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, fit, dangerous等。 He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with,3. 在“tooto do; enoughto”结构中。 The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out) The house is big enough to live in.

12、,4. 在“with+n+to do”结构中。 With nothing to do, he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema,5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 I have a letter to type today Do you have anything to say?,(I是to type的逻辑主语),(you是to say的逻辑主语),6. 当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。 This is the best book to read (=for usyou to re

13、ad)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house,7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有let(出租), rent， hire, blame等。 The house is to let I felt I was to blame.,通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成 的句子中可以把主动语态转换成被动语态或者 被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：,They say that Mike is sick in bed.,It is said that

14、Mike is sick in bed.,Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起.,People believe that he was killed.,It is believed that he was killed.,He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了。,1. She hates _ by her classmates. 2. Tim refused _ by his father to school. 3. She struggled _ by the French visitors.,to

15、 be accompanied,to be understood,Fill in the blanks,accompany understand envy laughed at discuss test,to be laughed at,4. These are the issues _ tomorrow. 5. The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year. 6. She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met.,to be tested,to be e

16、nvied,to be discussed,accompany understand envy laughed at discuss test,Fill in the blanks,i am sailing, i am sailing,home again cross the sea.i am sailing, stormy waters,_.i am flying, i am flying,like a bird cross the sky.i am flying, passing high clouds,_.can you hear me, can you hear methrough t

17、he dark night, far away,i am dying, forever trying,_, who can say.we are sailing, we are sailing,home again cross the sea.we are sailing, stormy waters,_.oh lord, oh my lord, ,to be near you, to be free,to be with you, to be free,to be with you,to be near you, to be free,SAILING,1. It will take seve

18、ral weeks for your computer to _ (repair). 2. I knew him _ (catch) by the police. 3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at once. 4.This makes it possible for them _(make) metals into any required shapes. 5. Dick sped on the motorway only _ (fine). 6. When some money went missing from the bank

19、, Thomas was believed _ (steal) it.,be repaired,to have been caught,to be taken,to make,to have stolen,to be fined,综合练习,7. I hope _(admit) to Zhongshan University. 8.The book is said to _ (translate) into several languages. 9.I feel greatly honored _ (welcome) into their society . 10.Come on! It is

20、an easy sentence _ (translate). 11.When I came in, he pretended to _.(read) 12.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _(receive) in time for Christmas. 13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive) after drinking.,to translate,to be welcomed,have been translated,to be admitted,be reading,to be r

21、eceived,not to drive,14. Hearing the good news, he was too excited _ (speak). 15. It happened _ (rain) when I got there. 16. I am terribly sorry _(lose) your key. 17. I am sorry _(say )that he is going from bad to worse. 18. He asked _(send) to the place where he was most needed. 19. What he hoped w

22、as _(admit) into the university 20. He got to the station only _(find) all the tickets had been sold out. 21. I am sorry _(keep) you waiting so long.,to speak,to be raining,to have lost,to say,to be sent,to be admitted,to find,to have kept,22.On their return the father asked his son _(explain) what

23、he had learnt. 23.My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. 24.I dont know whether you happen _(hear), but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September. 25.The flu is believed _(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 26.He seems _（punish) by his teacher yesterday. 27._(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her. 28. He was too frightened _ (say) anything.,to explain,to take,to have heard,to be caused,to have been punished,To save,to say,29.The school ordered all the c