何韦语法过去分词作定语和表语.ppt

1、Unit 1 Great scientists 过去分词作定语、表语,过去分词的基本特点 ： 1.从语态上讲 ：过去分词一般表被动 。 2.从时态上讲 ：过去分词表示已经完成的动作 ；,Grammar,一、过去分词作定语 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。,eg：a lost animal 一只丢失/迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 一个受伤的手指 一枚破损的硬币 一支点燃的蜡烛,an injured finger,a broken coin,a lighted candle,注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g. : spok

2、en English written exercises,英语口语,书面练习,少数表示位移或状态改变的 不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves the risen sun the developed countries 一个醉鬼 一名退休教师 一名逃跑的囚犯,a drunken man,a retired teacher,an escaped prisoner,落叶,升起来的太阳,发达国家,2、过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动或完成意义。,e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods! e.g.： I like w

3、earing clothes made of this kind of cloth e.g.：The books written by Mo Yan are popular e.g.： Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago,结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用定语从句来改写以上短语。,Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates.,Exercises:把后置定语换成定语从句 1. The girl dresse

4、d in red is my sister. =The girl who is dressed in red is my sister. 2. Father beat the son lost in the on-line games. =Father beat the son who was lost in the on-line games,3.This project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years. =This project , designed by th

5、e Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years 4. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. =The castle, burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.,把定语从句换成后置定语,boiling water boiled water the changing world the changed world the rising sun the

6、risen sun,V-ing 与V-ed 作定语的区别（2）,正在沸腾的水,已经烧开的水,正在发生变化的世界,已经变化了的世界,正在升起的太阳,升起了的太阳,V-ing表动作正在进行， V-ed表动作已经完成,二 过去分词作表语 She looked worried. I am interested in the book. He was lost in thought. The door remained locked.,They got married five years ago. The story is exciting. You are excited when you read

7、 it.,_,_,_,过去分词作？,_,系动词的分类：,“似乎类”：,“感觉类”：,“变成类”：,“仍然类”：,基本形式：,be( am, is, are),seem, appear, look,feel, sound, smell, taste,become, go, get, grow, fall, turn,remain, continue, stay, keep,有的已成为固定搭配 ： be covered with be lost in thought be caught in the rain be separated from be interested in be absorb

8、ed in,被覆盖 陷入沉思 被雨淋 从分离 对感兴趣 专心致志于,Practice makes perfect!,What he said was _ (encourage). We were _ (encourage) at what he said. The football game is very _ (bore). We were _(bore) at the football game.,V-ing 与V-ed 作表语的区别,encouraging,encouraged,boring,bored,V-ing 作表语修饰物，翻译为“令人感到-” V-ed 作表语修饰人，翻译为“感到

9、-”P(17),As we joined the big crowd , I got _ from my friends A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour . A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者；有具体的时间，表示当时的动作。 标志：行为执行者由by短语来表示,区别“（系表结构）”和“（被动结构）”,e.g.：This shop is now closed 这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday 这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）,A. The library is closed. B. The library is closed at six. C. The library is clos