2018版高考英语复习第2部分语法专题语境考查类第一课时冠词课件新人教版.pptx

1、第一课时冠词,单句语法填空/单句改错 1.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，_ other is with mumshe never suspects.(2016全国，70) 2.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy. (2016全国，48),感 悟 高 考,3.T

2、he adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _most modern of architects and engineers.(2015全国，62) 4.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.(2016四川，短文改错) 5.In that case，we will learn little about world. (2016全国，短文改错) 答案1.th

3、e2.a3.the4.在kitchen之前加the5.about后加the,考点一不定冠词的考查 规则 不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的名词前。 注意：一个词是以元音音素开头还是辅音音素开头，是根据其发音而不是根据字母。对于这类的词要记住下面两句话中加黑单词： In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool.This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的

4、工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。,考 点 清 单,An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task. 一小时前，一个老人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。 规则 不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。 The story happened in a small town in Victoria. 故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。,规则 amost 表示“很”，“非常”。 Did you enjoy yourself ye

5、sterday? 你昨天玩得开心吗？ Yes，as you know，the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere. 是的，正如你所知，晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。 规则 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示“再一，又一”。 In order to find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定学习另一门外语。,规则 表示单位时间内的频度，不定冠词含有“每”的概念。 In order to shape myself，I att

6、end Yoga classes twice a week. 为了塑造自己的体形，我每周上两次瑜伽课。 规则 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。如：a success一个成功的人或一件成功的事；a pleasure一件令人高兴的事。 Its a pleasure to work with him. 和他一块儿工作是件乐事。,规则 具有动作意义的名词在与动词have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a look看一看；have a try试一试。 You had better go to the fact

7、ory and have a look. 你最好到厂里去看一看。 规则 不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费；all of a sudden突然；as a rule通常；as a result 由于；as a whole总体上；for a while 一会儿 It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday. 我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。,考点二定冠词的考查 规则 用在名词前表示特指。 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 规则 用在世界上独一无二的人

8、或物、自然现象、发明物之前。 the sun太阳the moon 月亮the earth 地球 the sky天空the world 世界 注意：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。 space太空nature自然man人类 Do you know who invented the telephone? 你知道是谁发明了电话吗？,规则 用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。 Purple Sun is the most moving film that I have ever seen. 紫日是我看过的最动人的电影。 规则 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用时

9、，表示一类人或事物。 The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately. 受伤者被立刻送往医院。,规则 用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词，如by weight，by height等。 Its said John will be in a job paying over $ 60，000 a year. Right，he will also get paid by the week. 据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。 是的，而且会按周获得报酬。,规则 定冠

10、词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。 The Whites settled down in Canada last year. 去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。 规则 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前，但“play表示中国乐器的名词(如erhu二胡，pipa琵琶)”中，名词前不用冠词。 the east东部play the piano 弹钢琴 My brother is playing the violin while my sister is chatting on the Internet. 我弟弟在拉小提琴而我妹妹正在网上聊天。,考点三零冠词的考查 规则 称呼语及表示独一

11、无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。 Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。 规则 在月份、季节、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。 A year can be divided into four seasonsspring，summer，autumn and

12、 winter. 一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。,规则 as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的单数名词置于句首，名词前不用冠词。 Child as he is，he knows much about the world. 尽管他是个孩子，但知道的很多。 规则 no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。 There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. 天下没有免费的午餐。,规则 高考中常见的纯不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。这些词有：baggage，luggage，furniture，health，

13、weather，fun，space(太空)，advice，word(news)，progress，information，news，luck，wealth(财产)，homework等。 What fine weather it is today！今天多好的天气呀！ 规则 在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。 He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher. 他成了一名医生而他的弟弟成了一名教师。,1.【误】At the first，I thought I knew everything

14、and could make decisions by myself.(2016全国，短文改错) 【正】At first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 【探究】at first表示“起初”，是固定搭配，first前没有冠词。,正 误 探 究,2.【误】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016全国，短文改错) 【正】My uncle says that he never

15、dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. 【探究】此处应该表示“在短期内”，名词period是可数名词，意为“时期，一段时间”，当其用单数形式且前有形容词作定语时，前面要用不定冠词a。,3.【误】Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.(2015全国) 【正】Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in the countryside. 【探究】句意：现在我生活在一个城市，但是思念我农村的家乡。这里coun

16、tryside是特指，故应加定冠词。,4.【误】As result，the plants are growing everywhere.(2014全国) 【正】As a result，the plants are growing everywhere. 【探究】as a result 意思是“结果”，为固定短语。 5.【误】Corn is an useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals. 【正】Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and anim

17、als. 【探究】useful开头的第一个音素为辅音/j/，故用不定冠词a。,易错点1泛指、特指含糊不清 Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso. 误填a；the 答案the；a句意：专家们认为最近发现的那幅油画可能是毕加索的画。第一空特指“最近所发现的那幅画”，故用定冠词；第二空泛指“毕加索的一幅画”，故用不定冠词。,易 错 防 范,【点拨】在英语里，人名作为专有名词，前面一般不用不定冠词a。但是在一定的条件下，人名前也可以用不定冠词来泛指人，表示“一个”的意思。人名前加不定冠词a的情况常见的有以下

18、几种： (1)表示一个名叫的人 (2)表示不同时期的某人 (3)以作者代替作品,易错点2思维定势的影响 In Chinese，_ date 201314 has a similar pronunciation to “love you for a lifetime”，making it _ most lucky and romantic day. 误填a；the 答案the；a句意：在汉语里，2013年1月4日的发音和“爱你一生一世”相似，使得这一天成为非常幸运浪漫的一天。第一空具体到日期表特指，用the；第二空泛指“一个”十分幸运而又浪漫的日子，用a。,【点拨】此题容易受到思维定势的影响，认

19、为最高级most前应用定冠词。在英语中，the most.与a most.是不同的，前者为最高级结构，意为“最”，后者意为“一个非常/很”，这种用法中的most相当于very。,易错点3名词前有修饰词时冠词的误用 Obama has been elected _ first black President of the United States，and the international society expects to have _ new USA under his leadership. 误填the；the 答案the；a考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示顺序，所以序数词first前应填

20、定冠词the，第二个空表示地点的专有名词USA前有形容词new修饰，故选不定冠词来限定。,【点拨】此题对冠词的基本用法和特殊用法进行了考查，第一空处序数词前加the；第二个空处由于USA前加了修饰词new，前面需要用不定冠词a，表示“一个全新的美国”。以下情况中，都是由于在这些名词前加了修饰语： the worlda peaceful worldthe moona bright moon have supperhave a wonderful supperplay the violin play a borrowed violinby carin a black car,.单句语法填空 1.M

21、r.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _ farm，which looked almost abandoned. (2015广东，语法填空) 2.Now，years later，this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2014全国，语法填空) 3.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.

22、(2014广东，语法填空) 4.I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.,针 对 训 练,5.Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be _ Beethoven. 6.Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years，but one thing or another always got in _ way. 7.Do you k

23、now which story is _ more interesting of the two? 8._ prize for the winner of the competition is _ two-week holiday in Paris.,9.Tom is playing _ chess with his friend Mike happily while his sister is studying _ physics. 10.She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for _ third one.,答案1.a2.th

24、e3.the4.the；a5.a6.a；the 7.the8.The；a9./；/10.a,.单句改错(每句仅1处错误) 1.Every time he arrived home at end of the day，wed greet her at the door.(2016浙江，短文改错) 2.When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city. (2015全国，短文改错) 3.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2015全国，短文改错) 4.As result，t

25、he plants are growing everywhere. 5.Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.,6.That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! 7.Yesterday afternoon，I paid visit to Mr.Johnson.I was eager to see him，but outside his room I stopped. 8.

26、After about half a hour，the rain stopped and I went home. 9.Mr Smith was elected the president of our school yesterday. 10.She was born in 1974 and has played piano since the age of six.,答案1.end前加the2.thea3.athe4.As后加a 5.第一个aan6.aan7.paid后加a8.aan 9.去掉the10.played后加the,.语篇填空(用a/an/the填空) There once was a king who offered _1_ prize to _2_ artist who would paint _3_ best picture of peace.Many artists tried.The king looked at all _4_ pictures.But