translation IV.ppt

1、Lecture 4 Comparative Analysis of Chinese grave-digger; day-break; easy-chair; baby-doctor b)不可望文生义的： black-bird Dog-days,B. 复合动词和习语的使用频率很高 a) e.g. So, first of all, a student should learn not to look down on such idioms just because theyre made up of such simple and easy words. He should look out f

2、or identical phrases with different meaning and look them up in a dictionary if hes not sure. Hes bound to run into a lot of trouble when he first uses them, but he shouldnt give in, much less give up. If he keeps trying and keeps at it long enough hell make out and things will turn out well in the

3、end.,b) Before he gets the hang of how to use them, he will make a lot of mistakes. Some mistakes will cause people to hold their sides with laughter, but that shouldnt put him in a stew. He should learn to put up with such things. You might say thats part of the game.,C. 词义 a) 完全对应（Complete Corresp

4、ondence）：通用的科技术语和少数专有名词 Aluminum-铝 physics-物理 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山 hand-手head-头 foot-脚 bike-自行车 airport-飞机场,“想不到外国去了一趟，学的这样厚皮老脸，也许是混在鲍小姐那一类女朋友里训练出来的。”（钱钟书：围城） I never would have thought that once hed gone abroad hed get so thick-skinned and brazen-faced. Maybe he got his training from running around

5、with girlfriends like Miss Bao.,b) 部分或大部分对应(Incomplete Correspondence)：亲属词；动物名称等 Cat: 猫； She is a cat. 她是一个心狠手辣的女人。 Parent: 父亲或母亲；养父或养母。 I have no experience as a parent.,二十岁那年，我就逃出了父亲的家庭。直到现在还过着流浪的生活。（萧红：永远的憧憬和追求） At the age of twenty I fled home. Even today I am still wandering around like a hobo.

6、 tramp, vagrant,C) 完全或大部分不对应(No Correspondence)：浓厚的社会文化、风土习俗。 teenager : age from 13 to 19. commuter: someone who travels regularly from home in a suburb to work in a city.,群众的眼睛是一面镜，群众的心里有一杆秤。 The audience know what is good for them and they have their own criteria.,-Polysemy Do you know what these

7、 words mean? box? thing? ,Box,1.,2. I would like to reserve a box at the theater. -Separate compartment or enclosed area, eg for a group of people in the theater, stadium, for witnesses in a lawcourt, or for a horse in a stable.,3. Whats on the box tonight?,Thing,1. Whats the thing on the table? -东西

8、 2. I believed then that I would die there, and I saw with a terrible clarity the things of the valley below. 那时我觉得我要死在那儿了，而下面山谷里的景致却看得异常清晰。,3. When Im finished, things will be precisely as they were before. 每次做完之后，一切都依然如故 4. What a fine thing for our girls. 真是女儿们的好福气啊！,-词的宽窄不同 山 hill, mountain 借 le

9、nd, borrow 羊 sheep, goat 闻 hear, smell 鼠 mouse, rat,river 江、河、水 brother-in-law 姐夫，妹夫 cousin 堂（表）兄弟、堂（表）姐妹、 亲戚、远亲等。,副- deputy; associate; under; lieutenant lutnnt ; vice; assistant 副导演; 副教授; 副经理; 副董事 副总督; 副国务卿; 副总统 associate director; associate professor; assistant manager; deputy director; lieutenan

10、t governor; undersecretary.,D. 词法 综合型语言（Synthetic Language） 语序灵活,词与词之间的关系主要靠词本身的形态变化来表现的。 分析型语言 (Analytical Language) 词序总体上较为固定，词与词的关系并不是通过词形变化，而是通过词序或虚词（助词）等手段来表示的。,Chinese e.g. “学习”、“困难”、“危险” “政治学习”(the study of politics)； “学习政治”(to study politics)； “克服困难”(to overcome difficulties)； “困难问题”(a diffi

11、cult problem)；“ 脱离危险”(to get out of danger)； “非常危险”(exceedingly dangerous)。,一吨煤用不了一个月。 一个月用不了一吨煤。 三天读一本书。 一本书读三天。 他昨天坐车到郊外。 我昨天到郊外坐车。 一会儿再说。 再说一会儿。 屡战屡胜。 屡败屡战。,English 形态变化：性，数，格，时，体，语态，语气，人称等。,（1）SV（主语谓语） This good weather wont last 这种好天气不会持久的。 （2）SVO（主语谓语宾语）Writing makes an exact man 写作使人精确。 （3）SV

12、OO（主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语） She promised us a gift. 她答应送我们一件礼物。,（4）SVOOC（主语谓语宾语宾补） That news made her happy 那条消息使她很高兴。 （5）SVP（主语谓语表语/主补） Sometimes she is not clever enough 她有时很蠢。,Notice:,1.汉语虽不靠形态变化表示时态，但却有几类时态助词： -前置的时态副词：过去，曾经，已经，现在，将要 -附着的时态助词：过，着，了，起来 -后置的时态语气词: 了，来着,e.g. Mrs. Long has just been here, and

13、she told me all about it. 朗太太刚刚来过，她把这事一五一十地全都告诉我了。,2. 汉语中还有英语里没有的量词： 一个人，两只鸡，三份报，等一下 “No, read it over first correctly, without a single mistake.” “不行，先给我准确地念一遍，不许有一个错。”,3. 汉语还有附着在句末的语气词。 -陈述：的，了，罢了，而已 -疑问：吗，吧，呢，啦，啊，么 -祈使：吧，罢，呀，啊，啦,“My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You must know that Im thinking of his marrying one of them.” “亲爱的贝内特先生，”太太答道，“你怎么这么令人讨厌！告诉你吧，我在琢磨他娶她们中的一个做太太呢。”,4. 代词使用的差异。 英语汉语 “Can you deny that you have done it?” she re