lecture33(课堂版).ppt

1、Relative clauses: Warm Up,Combine the two sentence to make one, using an relative clause. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it. Thank you very much for the present you sent me. I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed. The chair (which/that) I was sitting in suddenly collapsed. T

2、he chair in which I was sitting suddenly collapsed. 3. She said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true. She said that the men were thieves, which turned out to be true.,Introduction,1 Relative clauses are also called attributive/adjective clauses. They come after nouns and modify them

3、. 2 They tell the listener or reader more about the person or thing that the noun refer to. 3 They can be divided into restrictive relative clauses and non-restrictive relative clauses. The dog that I found was clearly someones pet. I waited for my friend, who had to stay late.,33.1 Restrictive vs n

4、on-restrictive relative clauses,A restrictive relative clause identifies which person or thing we mean exactly. You cannot leave information in restrictive relative clauses out of a sentence: Its the book that I read yesterday. * Its the book. (this sentence is incomplete) You can omit the pronoun i

5、n these clauses if it is the OBJECT: Its the book I read yesterday.,33.1 Restrictive vs non-restrictive relative clauses,Non-restrictive relative clause gives additional information about a person or thing. The sentence still makes sense without the non-restrictive relative clause: The lectures, whi

6、ch I dont enjoy, last for an hour. The lectures last for an hour.,Summary,Restrictive Essential information Youre the man (that) I saw last week.,Non-restrictive Extra information The new Woody Allen film, which I saw last week, is very good.,Use commas Always use relative pronouns, e.g. who/whom (p

7、eople); which (things),No commas Can omit pronoun if it is the OBJECT of the verb in the relative clause That can replace which/who (infml),Exercise,Which sentence is true? 1. a) Pubs in the UK, which banned smoking, are now very popular. b) Pubs in the UK which banned smoking are now very popular.

8、2. a) William Shakespeare, who is one of the most famous British writers, died on his birthday. b) William Shakespeare who is one of the most famous British writers died on his birthday.,Which sentence is correct? 3. a) Queen Elizabeth ll, who lives at Buckingham Palace, is expected to live to a ver

9、y old age, like her mother. b) Queen Elizabeth ll who lives at Buckingham Palace is expected to live to a very old age, like her mother. 4 a) Everest which is the highest mountain in the world was not climbed until 1953. b) Everest, which is the highest mountain in the world, was not climbed until 1

10、953. 5 a) Shanghai, which lies in the east of China, is a highly industrialized city. b) Shanghai which lies in the east of China, is a highly industrialized city.,33.2 Choice of relative words,1 Relative pronouns,that who which whose whom,I have a piano that is tuned. I have a hat which is black. H

11、ave you seen the old lady who lives upstairs?,That,1) He talked brilliantly about the man and the books that interested him. (few, little, much, something, nothing, anything) 2) All that I want is peace and quiet. 3) I have read all the books that you gave me. (any, every, few, little, no, some) 4)

12、Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived. 5) He is the only person that I want to talk to. (the very, the same, the last, just) 6) Who is the boy that was here just now? 7) Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? 8) The village is no longer the one that it used t

13、o be.,33.2 Choice of relative words,2 Relative adverbs,1) Relative adverbs: time That was the year when I got my MA. (The year in which.) 11 September 2001 was the day when peoples attitude towards terrorism changed. (The day on which.),2) Relative Adverbs: Place: in/on/at + which or where Thats the

14、 factory where they make chemicals. (The factory in which.) Thats the spot where the battle took place. (The spot on which.),3) Relative Adverbs: Reason I will explain the reasons why the outbreak occurred. (I will explain the reasons for which.),33.2 Choice of relative words,3 Ellipsis of relative

15、words,When a relative pronoun is used as object in the clause; When relative that is used as subject complement in an SVC construction; 3) When the relative clause appears as part of It is-/That is-/There is- construction, this kind only applies to informal style; 4) Relative adverbs when, where and

16、 why can be omitted when they collocate respectively with the time, the place, and the reason in informal style.,Practice,1 Ill never forget the days _ we played together in our childhood. which B. that C. D. when 2 He wrote several songs last year, and three of _ were very popular among young peopl

17、e. them B. which C. what D. that 3 He was late this morning, _made the teacher angry. that B. which C. as D. what 4 _ is known to all that the earth moves around the sun. It B. As C. Which D. That 5 Which is the book _you bought yesterday? which B. that C. what D. the one 6 She is wearing the same d

18、ress _she wore yesterday. A. like B. as C. that D. which,7 What surprised me was not what he said but_he said it . A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 8 I have the same book _you bought yesterday. as B. that C. which D. what 9 He is not the man _ he was. what B. that C. as D

19、. who 10 They talked of things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. that B. C. whom D. both A and B 11 There are very few _admire his talents. A. but B. that C. as D. who,33.3 Clause introduced by “preposition + relative pronoun”,1 Finite clauses introduced by “preposition + relative pronoun”, Radial flow turbines differ in the manner in which the steam flow is arranged. 2 Non-finite clauses introduced by “preposition + relative pronoun”,