周宏灏院士(封山之作)药理学总论PPT [1]

1、,中南大学 临床药理研究所 ,Pharmacology,Chapter 1.Introduction About Pharmacology,Chapter 2.Pharmacokinetics What the body does to a drug,Chapter 3.Pharmacodynamics What a drug does to the body,Chapter 4.Factor affecting drug efficacy How to use a drug rationally,General Principles,Chapter 1 Introduction,What i

2、s pharmacology,Pharmacology is the science of studying the effect of drugs on living organisms. Scientific study of the interactions between drugs and the body.,Drug Action and Mechanism,Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion,Pharmacodynamics, PD,Pharmacokinetics, PK,Drug-body interaction,W

3、hat is drug,A chemical substance that can modulate the current physiological status quo of a biological system. A chemical which is utilized for the diagnosis, prevention and cure of an unwanted health condition (definition by FDA),Ancient Natural products Plants Animals Minerals Modern Active princ

4、iples of natural products Artificial synthetics Full synthetic Semi synthetic Biological engineering,Source of drugs,Poppy,Raw opium,Opium tincture,Morphine Codeine ,From natural product to active principles,foxglove digoxin deadly nightshade atropine,From natural product to active principles,Explor

5、e the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of drugs Probe the mystery of life process Find and develop new drugs,Missions of pharmacology,The Long Road to a New Medicine,Process of Drug Development,History of medicines,Phase I: Using natural products to treat diseases China: Sheng Nongs Herb

6、al Classic (神农本草经), described 365 TCM; Compendium of Materia Medica (本草纲目), described 1892 TCM Greeks; e.g. Dioscorides: De materia medica (药物学), described 600 plants Islamic physicians; e.g. Avicenna: Herbal medicine Phase II: Scientific Using pure drug compounds Understanding physiopathology of di

7、seases and pharmacology of drugs,Francois Magendie (1783-1855), a French physiologist， Experimental procedures with animals for determination of drug action. Fredrick Surturner (1783-1841) isolated the chief alkaloid of opium, Morphine pure chemicals and repeated quantitatively Claude Bernard (1813-

8、1878)，investigated the plant extract curare and proposed a site of action for this agent. Rudolph Buchheim (1820-1879). In 1847 established the first laboratory in the basement of his home in Dorpat which is the cradle of experimental pharmacology. Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838-1921). In 1872 set up an

9、institute of pharmacology in Strasbourg, which became a mecca for training in pharmacology,Modern pharmacology originated in Europe,History of pharmacology,Chapter 2 Pharmacokinetics,Why do me need to know PK? Optimize drug therapy to obtain a predictable response!,Drug of choice How much How often

10、For how long,The dose makes medicine Paracelsus 1538,Therapeutic Goal is to:,Achieve drug concentrations at the site of action (target tissue) that are sufficiently high enough to produce the intended effect without producing adverse drug reactions.,Drug Administration,Drug Concentration in Systemic

11、 Circulation,Drug in Tissues of Distribution,Drug Metabolism or Excreted,Drug Concentration at Site of Action,Pharmacologic Effect,Clinical Response,Toxicity,Efficacy,Pharmacokinetics,Pharmacodynamics,Absorption,Distribution,Elimination,Drug at absorption site,Metabolites,Excreted drug,Drug in body,Section 1,Ch. 2,Drug Transport,Transfer of drugs a