environment.ppt

1、生态平衡 ecological balance / ecological equilibrium 可持续发展 sustainable development 环保主义者 environmentalists(n.) / conservationists(n.) 对环境无害的 environmentally-friendly(adj.) 节约使用 conserve(v.) 保护 preserve(v.) 再利用 reuse(v.) / recycle(v.) 各国必须携手解决环境问题 countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concert

2、ed (united) effort / to combat(or tackle/ resolve/ address)environmental problems,增强公众关于的意识 raise(or elevate)the public awareness of sth. 短缺 shortage(n.)/ scarcity(n.)/ dearth(n.)/ lack(n.) 让资源承受很大压力 put a strain on the resources / stretch resources to the limit(固定短语) 破坏自然资源 wreak havoc on natural r

3、esources 砍伐森林 deforestation 污染 pollute(v.)/ contaminate(v. 有毒的 poisonous(adj. / toxic(adj.) 增加农产品产量 boost crop yield 可再生资源 renewable resources,不可再生资源 non-renewable resources(包括:金属metals、矿产 minerals、石油petroleum、天然气natural gas、煤coal等。后三种可以称为fossil fuels) 消耗(某种资源) consume(v.) deplete(v.) 用尽(某种资源) use u

4、p/ exhaust(v.) 严厉的措施 harsh actions/measures(n.) 生态系统 ecosystem(n.) / ecological system 某一地区所有生物总称 the wildlife in a region 生物的多样性 biodiversity(n.) / effluent(n.) 污水 sewage(n.),排放 discharge(n.) 温室效应 greenhouse effect/ global warming 严重的 severe(adj.) / grave(adj.)/ grievous(adj.) 白色污染产生的垃圾 non一biodegr

5、adable garbage /wastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone sth. 臭氧层 ozone layer 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil 贫瘩的土壤 infertile soil 耕地 arable land / farmland,商业噪音 commercial noise 混合污染 composite pollution 危险物质 hazardous substances 危险废物 hazardous wastes 重金属 he

6、avy metals 工业废水 industrial effluents 工业排放物 industrial emissions 工业烟尘 industrial fumes,无机污染物 inorganic pollutants 铅污染 lead contamination 汞污染 mercury contamination 微污染物 micropollutants 机动车辆排放物 motor vehicle emissions 恶臭公害 odour nuisance 有机物污染 organic pollutants 难降解有机污染物 persistent organic pollutants,医

7、药废物 pharmaceutical wastes 放射性物质 radioactive substances 热污染 thermal pollution 生物武器 biological weapons 海洋倾倒 ocean dumping 石油泄漏 oil spills 废金属 scrap metals 挖掘堆积 excavation heaps,隔音 acoustic insulation 化学污染清除 chemical decontamination 过滤器 filters 噪音治理 noise abatement 污染治理设备 pollution abatement equipment

8、污染控制技术 pollution control technology 辐射防护 radiation protection 洗涤器 scrubbers,分离器 separators 防烟 smoke prevention 废物最少化 waste minimization 电池处理 battery disposal 废物的化学处理 chemical treatment of waste 处置场所 disposal sites 废物焚烧 incineration of waste 矿山回填 mine filling,残油回收 oil residue recuperation 卫生填埋 sanita

9、ry landfills 海洋排泄口 sea outfall 化粪池 septic tanks 污水处置 sewage disposal 污水处理系统 sewage treatment systems 固体废物处置 solid waste disposal 废物同化处置 waste assimilation capacities,废物转化技术 waste conversion techniques 废物处置 waste disposal 废物回收 waste recovery 废物利用 waste use 酸雨 acid rain 灾害 catastrophe = disaster, cata

10、clysm 恶化 deterioration ( deteriorate) 灭绝 extinction ( extinct),濒危物种 endangered species 干旱 drought 筑堤 embankment 沉积(物) sediment = deposit 三角洲 delta the Pearl River Delta 冲积的 alluvial 沙漠化 desertification desert (v.s. dessert),沙尘暴 dust-storm 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的 barren 植物，植被 vegetation 栖息地 habitat 人口统计的 demogra

11、phic 使平衡，弥补 counterbalance (=offset) 机理，机制 mechanism,流通，循环 circulation 台风 typhoon tornado, hurricane 气象(学) meteorology 纬度 latitude 经度 longitude, altitude 冰川 glacier 开垦，改造 reclaim,Sample One Environmental problems cannot be solved by one or a few countries. Instead，they should be solved with internat

12、ional effort. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Environmental challenges，ranging from the smog in cities to toxic groundwater to the Antarctic ozone hole have been presented to us，I believe many of these challenges should be met with collaboration across national boundaries. Environmental con

13、cerns should be dealt with through joint efforts from countries一for two main reasons. The first one is now problems such as oil spills and dust storms are so widespread that they can hardly be confined to one single country or region. Thus it is crucial that these problems be solved with internation

14、al efforts. What is meant by this is each country and person should be made aware of their unique role in environmental protection .,Sample One Environmental problems cannot be solved by one or a few countries. Instead，they should be solved with international effort. To what extent do you agree or d

15、isagree? The second reason why joint efforts is quite essential is that each country has its own weaknesses in environmental protection. For instance, even though the industrialized countries possess advanced technology and the financial resources for environmental preservation，many of them cannot s

16、olve the serious problem of emission-induced climate change because reducing this problem may slow down their Industrial production and lower their peoples comfort and convenience. Accordingly，nations and international organizations have their roles to play in ensuring that the rich countries fulfil

17、l their environmental obligations，,Sample One Environmental problems cannot be solved by one or a few countries. Instead，they should be solved with international effort. To what extent do you agree or disagree? It is possible that in reality international cooperation in improving the environment may

18、 involve practical problems .For example, countries may have differing views on environmental problems; therefore, to achieve consensus on the steps that they should take may take more time. But the willingness to join hands at least will put them on the right track in finding solutions. In summary,

19、 my view is that more concerted efforts should be made by the international community before damage to the ecosystem becomes irreversible.,Sample Two Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish. Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish prod

20、uced? I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week. Most of this rubbish comes from the packaging from the things we buy，such as processed food. But even if we buy fresh food without packaging，we still produce rubbish fro

21、m the plastic bags used everywhere to carry shopping home. The reason why we have so much packaging is that we consume so much more on a daily basis than families did in the past. Convenience is also very important in modern life, so we buy packaged or canned food that can be transported from long d

22、istances and stored until we need it，first in the supermarket，and then at home.,Sample Two Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish. Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced? However，the amount of waste produced is also a result

23、 of our tendency to use something once and throw it away. We forget that even the cheapest plastic bag has used up valuable resources and energy to produce. We also forget that it is a source of pollution and difficult to dispose of. I think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness

24、in the general public. Children can be educated about environmental issues at school but adults need to take action. Governments can encourage such action as putting taxes on packaging，providing recycling services by fining households and shops also do not attempt to recycle their waste.,Sample Two

25、Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish. Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced? With the political will，such measures could really reduce the amount of rubbish we produce，Certainly nobody wants to see our resources used up a

26、nd our planet poisoned by waste.,Sample Three In the future, fossil fuels such as coal and oil will be used up. How can we save on resources? What other forms of energy are available? One of todays major problems is that natural energy resources such as coal and oil are apparently running out quickl

27、y and are not renewable. It is therefore imperative that，as a start，every effort be made to cut down on the use of these precious resources.Obviously，the most direct way to do this is to be more fuel-economical. In particular，people should be made to drive smaller cars and the fuel consumption of cars should be made more efficient. Moreove，people should be encouraged to make use of public transport whenever they can，which can be achieved by taxing car