international_trade讲义.ppt

1、International trade、international trade is the exchange of capital、goods、and services across international borders or territories边界线territory:领土、领土、地图、地区、活动范围的含义：国际贸易是跨越各国边境或领土的资本、商品、服务的更换活动。inmost countries，it represents a significant share of gross domestic product(GDP)。represent 3360:reprizent表达S

2、ignificant:signifiknt的重要且引人注目的share:份额gross domestic product:国内生产总值gross national product GNP介词place 2 .介词time贯穿3。部分(everywhere全部为4 .财富总是在on the rise:牙齿上升，增长recent:的最新含义在国际贸易整体历史发展过程中得到反映，但是国际贸易在经济、社会、政治等方面的重要性近几个世纪来一直在增长。industrialization、advanced transportation、globalization、multinational corporat

3、ions、And outsourcing are all havingChief:表示“主要作物”(2) major=less important:表示“最重要、最重要的”，例如major industries次要international trade system:国际贸易体系意味着工业化、先进运输、全球化、跨国公司、外判服务等方面的发展对国际贸易体系产生了重大影响。increasing international tradeis crucial to the continuance of globalization . increasing(increase):(体积、数量、数量力等)现状

4、，持续意义：国际贸易增长对全球化的持续发展至关重要。international trade is a major source of economic revenue for any nation that is considered a world power . without international trade，natitional在任何被称为世界强国的国家，国际贸易(WORLD Power :)都是经济收入的主要来源。没有国际贸易，那个国家的经济将仅限于本国产品和服务的生产制造。1 .成本差异：international trade is typically more costly

5、 than domestic trade . the reason is that crossing a national border typically inning Osts such as与昂贵的national border:边境tariff:关税associate with:相关联的联合法律系统：法制、法律体系、国际贸易费用通常远远高于国内贸易。原因是，通过国际贸易边境时，会产生关税、边境延迟带来的时间费用、国家间语言、法律体制、文化等差异带来的费用等额外费用。2 .生产要素差异：another difference between domestic and internation

6、al trade is that factors of production(生产要素)suchas capital and labon Mobile wite含义：国内贸易和国际贸易之间的另一个区别是生产要素流。例如，资本和劳动力比一个国家跨境流动容易得多。Thus，international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services。注：mostly: (most)主要be restricted to:then，trade in goods and services can serve as A substitute

7、 for trade in factors.取代Substitute sbstitju:t :替代品instead of:intensive:密集、深刻、加强的embodying(一个国家可以进口生产要素密集的货物，牙齿货物包括每个生产要素，生产要素)，an example is The import of labor-intensive goods by The United States from China . instead of importing labor，The United States is importing意义：例如，美国从中国进口劳动密集型货物。从美国中国进口的是中国

8、劳动力生产的货物，不是进口劳动力。3，国际经济生命线international trade is also a branch of economics，which，together with international finance，forms the larger branch，3 .economic risks include the risk of insolvency of the buyer；the risk of the failure of the buyer to pay the amount due within six months after the due date；

9、the risk of non-acceptance；The risk of exchange rate，and so on。insolvency :不可偿还、破产failure:失败、无报酬能力due:过期、未支付的非acceptance:不允许在买方到期后6个月内支付应付帐款。拒绝接受外汇风险等，political risks include the risk of cancellation or non-renewal of export or import licenses；War risksrisk of expropriation or confiscation of the im

10、porters company；risk of the imposition of an import ban after the shipment of the goods；Transfer Risk imposition of exchange controls by the importers country or foreign currency shortages:And influence of political parties on an货物装船后强制禁止进口。转让风险进口商所在国家采取的强制性外汇控制或外币不足；以及该国政党对进口商的影响。，4，世界贸易组织a .世界贸易组织

11、简介the world trade organization is best described as an umbrella organization under which the agreements that came out Of the urugationAgreement:合同，合同，在come out of:中创建，Uruguay urugwai Round:乌拉圭回合multilateral trade negotiations :多边贸易谈判negotiation:b .世界贸易组织基本功能(4茄子方面)1) to implement，administer，and carry out the WTO agreement and its