专升本英语翻译技巧.ppt

1、翻译Translation,What is translation in your mind?,How are you ? How old are you ?,好好学习，天天向上 Good good study , day day Up.() Study hard and make progress everyday.(),马马虎虎 horse horse tiger tiger () Just so so (),大纲要求,第四部分：翻译（Part IV Translation),共10题，考试时间为20分钟。这一部分包括两节。 A节（Section A）为英译汉，要求将5个英文句子译成汉语。

2、测试目的是检查学生对英文语句的确切理解能力，同时测试汉语表达能力。 B节（Section B）为5个单句汉译英，本节的测试目的是检查考生掌握、运用英语词汇、短语与句式的综合能力。,翻译技巧,做好翻译的关键在于了解英汉两种语言的差异，把握两种语言不同用语习惯，熟悉常见的翻译技巧，按照“忠实”，“通顺”两大原则，使译文尽可能多的反映原文信息。英汉两种语言在结构上存在较大差异。应注意以下几点：,英汉语言对比,1.句法结构顺序 汉语：主体+行为标志+行为+行为客体 S + Ad. +V + O(C) 英语：主体+行为+行为客体+行为标志 S + V + O(C) + Ad. I have not se

3、en him for over 30 years. 我30多年来一直没有见过他。,2.句法结构重心 汉语把修饰语放在主体前，故重心在前；英语句子重心放在句末，即把较长的较复杂的成分放在后面。 你们班目前单身但想光棍节前脱单的同学有多少？ How many students are there in your class who are now single and wish to get out of single lives before Singles Day?,3.信息重心 汉语的信息重心后置，即把要强调的内容放在后面表达；英语的把主要的信息放在前面先说。 我原打算今年一月访问中国，后来

4、不得不推迟了。 I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. 他5岁生了一场病，变成了聋子。 He became a deaf after an attack of illness at 5.,4.“天人合一”与“自我中心” 我的身体很健康。I am in good health. I glance at the visage of vernal breeze, and I know , A thousand flowers of purple and red set spring ag

5、low. 我的法语看报很吃力。 I read newspapers in French with great difficulty.,5.直率与含蓄 中国人在叙事时注重含蓄，一般先叙事，把事情交代清楚了后，才表明自己的想法和看法。而西方人重外露，一般直接表态在先,然后再说明情况或解释为何有这样的态度。 收到你们的消息，我很愉快。 I am very happy to receive your message. 今晚有空吗？我想请你吃饭。 Id invite you to have a dinner if you are free tonight.,6.客体与主体 英语常用非生物性词作主语，汉语

6、则用人或生物性的词。 他一想到要返回心里就害怕。 The thought of returning filled him with fear. 他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热。他决意一遇到个近便的阴凉处，就坐下休息。 His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.,7.逻辑与领悟 英语注重逻辑性，强调主谓配套，时态呼应，成分定位，有形连接。汉语不太注重逻辑，成流水状。 谁都知道，西北地区是艰苦些。 Everyone knows life in the no

7、rth-west of China is harder.,晴雯先接出来，笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高兴，只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，哄我等了这一天，快来給我写完了这些墨才算呢！” 流水句（分句之间，似断还连，全句主要靠意合）表面看像“形散”，但从全句来看却“神聚”，句子意义十分清楚。,注意事项,英语信息重点在前，汉语信息重点在后。 You will lose your chance if you dont take action right now. 如果不马上采取行动，你就会坐失良机。 英语多用复合长句，汉语多用简单短句。 Chilly gusts with a taste of rai

8、n in them had almost dispeopled the streets. 阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么行人了.,英语多被动，汉语多主动 He was asked by the local government to set up an injuries center at the hospital.当地政府要求他在医院创建一个创伤医疗中心。 英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言 That would be the confirmation that it was in general use. 这证明它的使用是十分普遍的。,英译汉,将英语译为汉语，需要注意两个层面，

9、一个词汇，一个句法。另外，句法中着重于从句。,一、词汇的翻译,1.词义选择。根据上下文关系和自身搭配，选择正确的词义。 It was a girl with good manners. Dogs are often regarded as mans good friends. She needs good shoes for running. Her son is always a good boy. Beans are good for your health. 2.词义的引申 delicate skin 娇嫩的皮肤 delicate porcelain 精致的瓷器 delicate hea

10、lth 虚弱的健康 delicate living 奢侈的生活 delicate stomach容易吃坏的胃,a hot temper a hot topic hot news hot music a hot battle a hot car a hot material a hot opportunity in a blue mood to feel blue a blue joke/movie blue blood blue book,3.词义的褒贬 注意感情色彩。 My brothers ambition is becoming a pilot. Hitlers ambition is

11、to conquest the world. 4. 词性的转换 英语在表达上多用名词，形容词，介词，而汉语多用动词，副词 The very sight of it makes me nervous 一看到他，我就感到紧张。 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中必须进行独立思考。,1.增词法 They say her father was a worker in the small company. Maybe he was as poor as us. 听人说，以前她的父亲在一个小工厂里当工人。他那时也许和我们现

12、在一样穷。,二、句法的翻译,Unless your team improves your game, you are going to lose the match. 除非你们队改进打法，否则会输掉这场比赛。 He majors in psychology and his brother in international finance. 他主修心理学，他弟弟则主修国际金融。,2.减词法 He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。 Fight when you can wi

13、n; move away when you cannot win. 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。 We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. 一周有七天，一天有24小时。,If winter comes, can spring be far behind? As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship. 沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。 Smoking is forbidden in public places.,3.调整语序 常常需要把英文中位于主要信息之后的次要信息前移。定语前移 This is t

14、he best solution imaginable. 这是能想到的最好解决办法。 状语前移 He had to quit the position and went to exile, having been deprived of his power. 他被剥夺了权力，只好离职，流落他乡。,4. 分句法 把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 1）副词 The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。,Inc

15、identally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the United States. 顺便提一下，我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。 They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。,2）形容词 Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy o

16、f “self-reliance”. 毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时，也许有些自豪感，这是可以理解的。 That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。,3）名词 A move of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle. 我离开那个单人掩体速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会象出膛的子弹一样。 He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowe

17、d in indignation. 他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。,4）短语 把原文中一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear.（分词短语） 他们在群众家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。,She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，

18、眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。,I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.（名词短语） 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。 The station chief would have to be close to the director, a member of the inner circle. 这位站长就得接近董事，因为董事是核心集团的成员。,Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.

19、 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。,5）把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。 Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat. 有时，克罗斯太太会一面在大厨房踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。 But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations. 但是。如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。,His failur

20、e to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。,5.合句法,把原文中两个或两个以上的词语、单句译成一个单句。 He was very clean. His mind was open. 他为人单纯而坦率。 There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South. 从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。 His father had a small bus

21、iness in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea. 他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺。,把原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句。 When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat. 我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people ,we are not merely being polite. 我们对中国领导人和人民的赞扬不仅仅

22、是出于礼貌。,把原文中的并列复合句译成一个单句。 In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends. 一八四四年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。 The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light. 十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了 。,6.被动语态的译法 （四种）,一、译成汉语主动句 有三种情况： 1.原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语 The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内全国武装起来了。 On the contrary, bot

23、h their knowledge and experience are enriched. 相反，他们的知识和经验更丰富了。,2.原文中的主语在译文中做宾语 It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt. 如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。 By the end of the war thousands of people had been saved by the organization. 到战争结束时，这个组织拯救了成千上万人的生命。,3.增补主语,有一类以it 作为形式主语的英语句子，在译文中常要改成主动

24、式，有时不加主语，有时则加上不确定的主语，如“有人”、“大家”、“人们”、“我们”等。,不加主语时 It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测It must be admitted that 必须承认It must be pointed out that 必须指出It will be seen from this that 由此可见It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说,可加主语的 It i

25、s asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知)It will be said 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说,二.译成汉语被动句 1. “被”或“给” Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。 I started

26、 to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles had been taken away from me ,but she wouldnt let me finish. 我开始解释，我不可能干得很好，因为我的眼镜已给拿走了，但她不准我讲完 。,I closed my eyes and said to myself,” I am not a number. My name will be remembered as an anti-Nazi writer, and I have done more harm to your s

27、ystem than you can ever do me. I am not a number!” 我闭上眼睛想，“我不是个号码。我的名字将作为一个反纳粹的作家而被纪念着。我给你们制度造成的损害比你们能加在我身上的要大得多。我不是个号码！”,2. “遭、受” Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。 They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到热烈欢迎。 He was policed by the bosses cops. 他受到老板

28、雇佣的警察的监督。,3. “为所” Once the men had been accepted by the Comet organization, they were brought to Brussels. 士兵们一旦为彗星组织所接受，就被送到布鲁塞尔去。 I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。,三、译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 The famous hotel had been practically destro

29、yed by the big fire. 大火使这著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。 Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里护士念给他听的。,四.译成汉语判断句,Temperature is measured in degree Kelvin in physics. 物理学中，温度是以K为单位测量的。 In addition, not all the technology is based on science. 另外，并不是所有的技术都是以科学为基础的。,一分

30、耕耘，一分收获。No pains, no gains. 过马路时，越小心越好。 You cant be too careful when you cross the street. 他根本不是当画家的料。 He is anything but a painter. 小姐，我劝您别管闲事。 Young lady, youd better mind your own business.,7.肯定与否定,有些词汇本身带有否定意味，例如；avoid, before, beyond,deny,escape. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.

31、 他无权签订这种合同。 部分否定结构翻译为肯定更符合英语习惯。 Dont lose time in posting this letter. 双重否定 Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized.关于这一点的意义和重要性，怎么强调也不为过。,特殊结构 All that glitters is not gold.发光的不都是金子。 Nobody is admitted without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。 Certainly I dont teach because teaching is

32、easy for me. 当然，我之所以教书，并不是因为我觉得教书容易。,主语从句,主语从句包含的信息为重要信息，位于句首。What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。 形式主语It 与accept, agree, argue, claim, report, say, suggest等动词连用，一般增补主语，或译为无主句。,It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determined his chara

33、cter and later personality. 人们普遍认为，孩子早年的经历很大程度上决定了他们的性格和未来的人品。,宾语和表语从句,一般直译 I understand that he is well qualified,but I feel that he needs more experience. 我知道他很符合条件，但是我觉得他还需经验。 事物并不总是如其表象 Things are not always as they seem to be.,同位语从句,同位语从句修饰的名词例如：hope,idea suggestion,statement 一般直译,She had no id

34、ea why she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白自己为什么突然想起他来。,定语从句,前置 Pollution is a pressing problem （which we must deal with right now）.污染是我们现在就必须解决的一个迫切问题,后置，定语太长时 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。,状语从句,一般包括时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，目的，结果。英译汉时多放于句首，结果状语除外。 Now

35、that all of us are here,lets start our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧 。 She sat behind me so that I could not see the expression on her face. 她坐在我身后，我看不到她的表情。,汉译英方法与技巧,Translate Chinese into English,汉语的句法特征： 主语由诸多不同类别的词语充当，主语隐含不显或无主句情况时常可见；谓语成分复杂，不受主语支配，无人称、数、时态的变化。句子与句子之间多无明显的逻辑关系连接。,英语句法特征： 主语突出，只能由名词或相

36、当于名词性的词语担任；谓语绝对受主语的支配，人称和数上必须主谓一致，有时态、语态和语气的变化；句子与句子之间多以连接词相联。,牢记！,英语是主语显著语言，英语句子构建在主谓轴上。因此选择确定主语和谓语是成功构句的关键。,主语的确定,1.以原句主语作为译文主语 我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。 Our house was built over a hunderd years ago.,2.重新确定主语 可以是句子中其他词语，也可以是句外词语。 他的身材魁梧，长着一副大长方脸。 He was a giant of a man with a long square face. 人不可貌相。 It is

37、 impossible to judge people from their appearance.,3.增补主语 用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。 You realize your ideals through labour and you guide your labour by ideals.,谓语的确定,选择谓语时必须考虑英语句法规范，遵循“主谓一致”原则，保证谓语和主语在人称和数上一致，动词时态、语态正确。鉴于此，强化语法意识，增强句法观念至关重要。,旅途中的情景很多，在此就不一一描写了。 My experiences of this trip are too numer

38、ous to be described one by one.,语序的调整,一.句内语序调整 1.状语的位置：灵活，一般按照 动词-方式-地点-时间 的顺序。 他每晚都在图书馆用心读书。 He reads hard in the library every evening.,2.定语位置 单词作定语放在中心词前，较长定语如词组或句子则放在中心词之后。 举世闻名的万里长城 The world famous Great Wall 山东曲阜是中国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的故乡。 Qufu, Shandong Provience, is the birthplace of Confucious,

39、a well-known ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.,句间语序,1.S+V+O，and /but S+V+O 2.引导词+从句+主句 或者 主句+引导词+从句,否定句的翻译,英语中的否定手段： 1.词汇手段 no/not/never/nor/neither/hardly/rarely/seldom/scarcely/few/little/否定前缀或后缀/lack/fail/deny/miss/exclude/run short/out of/beyond/without/above/except/before/unless/other than,2

40、.句法手段 Morethan/other than/rather than/know better than/tooto,方法,1.直接译成否定句 注意否定转移情况 我认为他不够格。 I dont think he is qualified.,2.译成肯定句 人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一样。 The people is to the peoples army what water is to fish. 他无可指责。 He is above blame. 他考试不及格。 He failed to pass the exam.,3.译成否定句 直到.才 直到考完试我才能去看你。 Not

41、 until I finish taking the exam can I pay a visit to you.,常见方法,If you dont come here, I will go to visit you. 假如你不来，我就去看你。 改译法 他提醒我们要注意身体 He warned us to take care of ourselves。 增译法 不知你是否完成了任务。 I wonder whether you have finished your task. 许多商店开展买一赠一的活动。 Many departments provide service of “Buy One

42、Get One Free”,对应法,省译法 你们需要的是快速进步，而不是慢慢的进步。 You need rapid progress, not slow. 调整顺序 我能在这儿坐一会吗？ Can I sit here for a while 好的建议，谁来提都无所谓。If the suggestion is advisable, it does not matter who gives it. 不管晴天阴天，比赛准时进行。 Rain or shine,the match will go on time.,转换语态和正反对译,这座桥将在今年年底建成。 The construction of th

43、e bridge will be completed by the end of this year.,我还没来得及拦住她，她就向大家宣布了这个消息。 Before I could stop her,she shouted the news to everyone. 当时女孩子没有受教育的机会。 Girls were denied the chance to education at that time.,常用的句型,Notuntil. 句型 1.She did not go to bed until her mother came back.她直到她妈妈回来才上床睡觉。 2.Tom did

44、not watch TV until he finished his homework. 3. It was not until in my thirties that I made this important discovery:giving-away makes life so much more exciting. 直到将近不惑之年，我才如梦方醒，意识到奉献社会使我们的生活更加灿烂。 4. Not until the beginning of the twentieth century did the human beings learn to prevent the disease

45、from spreading. 直到二十世纪初，人类才学会防治疾病的传播。,It is reported/said /estimated that,It is reported that foreign insurance companies has entered into nineteen Chinese cities so far. =made their way据报道，迄今为止，外国保险公司已打入中国19个城市。 据估计，已经有100多万人从这个工程中受益。Its estimated that more than 1 million people had been benefited

46、from this project.,It is necessary/important for sb to do sth,我们有必要了解一些英语国家和中国的文化差异。It is necessary for us to learn/know some differences between some English speaking countries and China. 大学生学好英语很重要。 It is important for university students to learn English well.,比较级,你练得越刻苦，你取得的进步就越大。The harder you

47、practice,the greater progress you will make. 他在各方面都比我好 He is much better than I in every aspect.,This year they have made by far greater progress in business than they did last year. 他们今年的业务进展比去年大得多 The people there will pay two or three times as much as they used to pay for a house. 对于同一所房子，人们将要支付的是往常支付钱