虚拟语气1.ppt

1、,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,一、从句谓语时态： 表示与现在事实相反, 用过去式（did） / be (were)； 表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done)。,虚拟语气,1、if虚拟条件句 表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：,虚拟语气,例句 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met

2、him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 (与过去事实相反) 2. If it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 (与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go now. 假如我是你的话，我现在就走。 (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你),虚拟语气, 、错综时间的条件句（混合、交叉虚拟） 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they

3、 it easily now. If he had not taken my advice, he it much better like this.,could do,wouldnt do,如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。,如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。,虚拟语气,、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在主语前。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he s

4、hould fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.,Had you come a few.,虚拟语气,2、wish (希望)后接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词 would / could + V原,3. as if/ though (好象) 用法同wish

5、,虚拟语气,4. 在would (had) rather(宁愿) 后的从句中 1)对现在或将来虚拟：用一般过去时/ be (were); 2) 对过去虚拟：用过去完成时。I would rather you came tomorrow than today.I would rather I had washed my clothes yesterday.,5. if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 要是.就好了 1)对现在虚拟：用一般过去时/ be (were); 2) 对过去虚拟：用过去完成时。 If only I had arrived in time! If only s

6、he didnt drive so fast.,二、从句谓语动词用should + V原 构成, should 可以省略。,1.句型 “It is + adj. (important, necessary, strange, natural) + that . ” 中， that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： (should )+ 动词原形 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。,虚拟语气,2、记住：这些动词及其派生词所在句中的名

7、词性从句谓语动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略： 一个坚持(insist), 两条命令(order, command),三项要求(demand, request, require)， 四条建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend) ，等。,虚拟语气,记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 suggest 表示“表明、暗示”

8、时，用陈述语气。 例句 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 2) The expression on his face suggested that he was angry. 他脸上的表情表明了他很生气. He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 4) He insisted that he was right. 他坚持说自己是对

9、的.,3. 在in case, for fear that, in order that, so that 引导的从句中，谓语用 should +V原, should可省略。 Take your umbrella in case we (should) need it.,虚拟语气,1. Its (high/right) time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do (should不可省略) Its time that you left/should leave here.,三、虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,2. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不

10、是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气谓语用would/could/might +have done Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for my brothers help, I would not have finished it on time. I had to do something more important,otherwise I might have helped.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,3.含蓄虚拟,A few mi

11、nutes earlier and we could have caught the bus. I would have lent you the money, but I didnt have enough then.,4.表祝愿,May sb +v原 May you succeed. Long live sb/ sth Long live the PRC!,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2.It was th

12、e drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A. not take B. shouldnt have taken C. didnt takeD. hadnt taken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that A

13、nn _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,虚拟语气,6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so muc

14、h about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,虚拟语气,9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I dont think it is the r

15、ight time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,虚拟语气,12.(2003上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A.followedB.would follow C.had followedD

16、.should follow 13.(2002上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt beli

17、eve it. A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speak C. wouldnt speakD. not speak,虚拟语气,15.It is high time the child _ to the hospital. A.is sent B.would be sent C.be sent D.were sent 16.If it _ so hard，wed go to town. A. isnt raining B. werent raining C. doesnt rain D. has rain,17.Its strange that he _ without

18、 saying good-bye to us. A. should have gone out B. went C. should go out D. goes out,虚拟语气,18.Had you listened to the doctor，you _ all right now. A.are B. were C.would be D.would have been 19.Id rather you _ know the secret. A. didnt B. hadnt C.not D.not to 20.Without your help，we _ this task. A.dont finish B. will not finish C. didnt finish D.would not have finished,虚拟语气,21.Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the vis