unit 7 the glorious messiness of English说课材料.ppt

1、Unit 7 Learning about English,Text A The,Glorious Messiness,of English,Pre-reading task While-reading tasks : Detailed-reading ( Part 1) Detailed-reading ( Part 2) Detailed-reading ( Part 3) Post-reading tasks,Text A The Glorious Messiness of English,Cultural Note,Pre-reading task,The Historical Ove

2、rviews of English Vocabulary,The primitive inhabitant: Celts. They spoke Celtic. 55B.C. Julius Caeser led Romans invaded the British Isles and occupied the land until 410.,Old English(450-1150)The Anglo-Saxon Period,After Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came in great num

3、bers. Soon they took permanent control of the land, which was to be called English. Their language, historically known as Anglo-Saxon, dominated and almost totally blotted out the Celtic. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English.,(1) Christianity The introduction of Christianity had

4、a great impact on the English vocabulary.,(2) Invasion In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many Scandinavian words came into the English language.,Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000-60,000 words.,Middle English(1150-1500),The No

5、rman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of French words into English. Norman French became the polite speech. But by the end of the 13th century, English gradually came back. During this period, Britain had trade relations with Holland and, as a result, as many as 2,500 words of Dutch origin

6、found their way into English.,Modern English(1500-),(1) Renaissance Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England. During the Renaissance, enormous numbers of Latin words became part of English vocabulary.,(2) Bourgeois Revolution B. veto 指“否决权”；C. taboo 意思是“禁忌”；D. boycott 意为“抑制

7、”。 译文：因为缺水，禁止使用水龙软管。,(Line 15) tolerance (n.) 容忍，忍耐（力），宽容 - I think tolerance between students is extremely necessary since they live and study together. Human beings have limited tolerance of noise. have/display/show/exhibit tolerance for sth.有/表示宽容,Part II,Rhetorical Devices: Metaphor(暗喻)：暗喻是间接地把一

8、物同与其某种相似点的另一物相比较，不用比喻词。 In this text the English language is compared to plants, and the various culture influencing it are compared to the soil, while users of English are compared to gardeners.,For example, core of English（英语的核心） (Line 23), a common parent language（共同的母语）(Line 43), another flood o

9、f new vocabulary（另一次新词的大量涌入）(Line 68),Parallelism（排比）：排比是用一连串内容相关，结构类似的句子成分或句子来表示强调和一层层的深入。 Eg. “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets,we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.” (Line 29) - Studies serve for

10、 delight, for ornament, and for ability. 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。,Personification（拟人）：拟人是把非人的事物当作人来写，把人的特点赋予事物或某种抽象概念，用本来只适用于人的名词，形容词，动词来描写事物，使其具有人的 某种属性。,eg. There is personification in the sentence. “Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page”（Line 80) -“希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册”

11、,Metonymy（转喻）：转喻也叫换喻，即借用与某物相关或相连的东西代称某物。 eg. There is metonymy in the sentence “The country now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common,people .”Here the word “churches ”stands for religious institutions and those who are involved in the religiou

12、s practices. (Line 69)这时英语三种语言并用：贵族使用法语，教会使用拉丁语，平民使用英语。,- The kettle boils.壶开了.(the kettle=the water in the kettle) - Gray hairs should be respected. (gray hair=old people),Related questions,1. What makes up the core of the English language? A. Old English B. Anglo-Saxon English C. Old English or An

13、glo-Saxon English D. Indo-European parent language,2.What is the characteristic of those words that form the core of English?A. odd B. long C. complicated D. short 3.What is the function of old English used by great speakers? A. to show their knowledge B. to encourage their audience C. for the thing

14、s that really matter to us. D. to stir up the listeners feelings.,Language Study,(Line 22)necessity (n.): 1)sth. you must have in order to live properly or do sth.( + of/for + n.)必要的东西，必须品 Water is a basic necessity of life.,2) the state of being necessary 需要，必要性( + of/for + n.) - Necessity is the m

15、other of invention.（谚）需要是发明之母。 【考点】by/of necessity 无法避免，不得已；out of necessity 出于需要，必定 in necessity 急需的，贫穷的,【记忆法】necessary a. 必要的，必须的；必然的，不可避免的 necessities n. 生活必需品； necessarily ad. 必要地；必然地； necessitate vt. 使成为必要。 例：Its an unpopular measure, but the situation necessitates it.这种方法不太常见，但形势使然，不得已而为之。,(Li

16、ne26)arouse(vt.): provoke (a particular feeling or attitude)唤起，激起 - The speaker aroused (the anger of) the audience.演讲者激起了听众（的怒气）。,【考点】arouse anger/suspicions/discontent引起愤怒/怀疑/不满 【典型考题】Our hopes _ and fell in the same instant. A. aroused B. aroseC. raised D. rose 【答案】D 【解析】arouse 意为“激起，唤起”，常作及物动词；a

17、rise为不及物动词，常表示“出现”、“产生”；raise 是及物动词，表示“举起”，rise 为不及物动词，表示 “升起、上升”；该句中由and 表对称和并列原则，可以判定应为rise。 译文：我们希望刚刚燃起就破灭了。,surrender,1) vi. to give oneself up, as to an enemy投降，屈服：(与to 连用)屈从于 【经典例句】We advised the hijackers to surrender themselves to the police. 我们劝那些劫持者向警察投案。 2)vt. to give up or abandon放弃或抛弃 【

18、经典例句】You must surrender your old passport when applying for a new one. 你申请新护照时，必须交出旧护照。,注意surrender ones right to sth. 放弃对的权利；surrender to sb. 对投降；surrender unconditionally 无条件投降 【典型考题】We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield _ any military threat. (CET-4, 1998.1) A. up B. to C. in

19、D. at 【答案】B 【解析】固定搭配 yieldto，所以选B。 译文：我们热爱和平，但我们是一个不会对任何军事威胁屈服的民族。,(Line 42) resemble (vt.):be like or similar to 与相似（不可用被动态，进行式） -She resembles her mother in character but not in appearance.她的性格像母亲，但外表并不像。 -He resembles his father closely.,(Line 43)descend(vi.):come down (from a source); go down(起源

20、于；下来) -The elevator descended slowly.电梯慢慢地下降。 -The path descended sharply.这条小路下斜坡度很陡。 -These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers. 【考点】descend from 从下来，是的后裔，源于；descend into 堕落到；descend (up)on降临，突然袭击,【典型考题】We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to

21、 _ .(CET-6, 1997.1) A. ascendB. descend C. declineD. plunge 【答案】B 【解析】A. ascend上升，攀登；与题意不符；B. descend 下降，是正确答案；C. decline 也有由高到低之意，但主要是数目的减少力量的减弱，另外还有拒绝之意；D. plunge 意为即将冲下。 译文：我们成功到达了由顶，半小时后我们开始下山。,Drift vi,move or go somewhere in a slow causal way Right after Spring Festival, millions of young peop

22、le_ (从农村流入城市务工) The boat drifted out to the sea.,drifted from the countryside to the cities,in search of work,Drift n,1. There are drifts of dead leaves and branches in the street. 2. We must stop this drift towards war. 3. I cant quite catch the drift of what you are saying.,A. 大意，主旨 B.漂流物 C. 趋势，转移

23、,collocation,Drift through life 虚度年华 Drift with the current/tide 随波逐流 Drift from to 从到 Synonyms: float, flow v trend, tendency n,(Line 56) pass (sth.) on to (sb.): hand or give (sth.) on (sb.)将付给 -When you have finished reading the novel, please pass it on to Laura. -Her grandma passed on much of he

24、r fortune to her.,(Line 73)alternative(n.): one of two or more possibilities(followed by to) 供选择的东西 -I had no money, so I had no alternative to staying (no alternative but to stay) at home. 我因为没有钱，所以除了待在家里别无选择。,(used in the pattern: + of) -We took the alternative of walking.我们选择步行。,(Line 76) modify

25、(vt.) : change slightly 修改，更改 -The terms of the transaction can be modified.交易的条件可以修改。 -The government authorities modify the original plan.,(Line 82)habitual:done as a habit,regular,usual惯常的 -a habitual later comer 惯常迟到的人。 -sit in ones habitual place 坐在某人习惯坐的地方。,(Line 83)catastrophe(n.):a sudden gr

26、eat disaster大灾难 - Tidal waves, the catastrophe in which many people died.很多人死于海啸，这场大灾难中。,(Line 89) put into practice:将付诸实施 -How will you put your plan into(in) practice ? -They werent allowed to put into practice in their daily lives the teachings they received.,Part III,Rhetorical Device: Metaphor(

27、暗喻) the cultural soil(Line95)文化土壤 the first shoots sprang up(Line97)最初的根芽萌发,grew stronger(Line 97)生长壮大 build fences around their language(Line 97)建立语言保障 the special preserve of grammarians(Line 100)语法学家的特殊领域,Questions,What do you think of Jespersens remark “The English language would not have been w

28、hat it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual”?Give reasons.,What do you think has made English “the first truly global language”?,Language Study,(Line 94) strike out : start being independent 开始独立，自谋生计 -After working for his father for abou

29、t ten years, he decided to strike out on his own.,The town Council spent a lot of money preserving the old castle and other places of historic interest. Ice helps to preserve food. Preserved eggs are her fathers favorite food.,腌制 保存 维护,preserve,Preserver n 保护者 Preservation n.保存，保持 Preservative n.防腐剂

30、 【记忆法】pre(beforehand) + serve (to keep) 事先保存（引申为）保护，维持；易混词conserve v. 保存，保护；reserve v. 保留，预定n. 预留物 【考点】preserve ones dignity 维护尊严；preserve customs/ tradition 保持风俗习惯preserve one reputation 保全名誉；preserve ones right to维护权利,conserve, preserve, reserve,conserve 意为“保护、保存”，往往指对某种珍贵的物品进行保存，并含有一旦用完将很难找到替代品之义；宾语多为能源、资源、力量等，但不以钱财为宾语；该词也可表示以糖渍的方法对食品进行保存。 preserve 正式用