Unit 6 Knowledge and Wisdom讲课讲稿.ppt

1、Knowledge and Wisdom,Bertrand Russell,1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，已表彰其“多样且重要的作品，持续不断的追求人道主义理想和思想自由。” In 1950, Russell was made a Nobel Laureate in Literature, “in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.”,Bertrand Russell,Three passion

2、s, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: theloning for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. 三种既简单又极为强烈的激情一直支配着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的悲哀。 -Bertrand Russell,Proverbs about Knowledge and Wisdom,Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens. Kn

3、owledge in youth is wisdom in age. Wisdom is only found in truth. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. / Wisdom is more to be envied than riches. Pre-reading Question: How do you define wisdom, knowledge and their relationship in your life?,Knowledge and Wisdom -Marie Staniforth,chap

4、 tp n.小伙子，男人，家伙 nursery rhyme: poem or song for young children 儿歌;童谣 daft dft adj. 愚笨的, 癫狂的, 狂闹的 respectable a.可敬的；有身价的,“I said knowledge is knowing that a tomato is a fruit, and wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad .”,Spiritual Wisdom -Sri Chinmoy,What do we mean by the word wisdom? Usu

5、ally we mean something superior to knowledge, something deeper. In the spiritual world, the word wisdom is not used in that way. Here wisdom means Light, illumining Light, transforming Light. That which illumines our unlit consciousness is wisdom. That which transforms the finite consciousness into

6、the infinite Consciousness is called wisdom.,Structural Analysis,Part 1 (Para 1) - introduce the topic Part 2 (Para 2-5) the main body 4 factors that consititute wisdom: 1. sense of proportion 2. the ends of human life 3. open-mindedness 4. impartiality,Word Analysis,proportion:(TEM-4) comparative p

7、art or share of a whole; fraction eg. a large of the earths surface The of the population still speaking the dialect is very small. (of sth to sth) relation of one thing to another in quantity, size, etc; ratio eg. The of imports to exports is worrying the government. the of passes to failures in th

8、e final exam,Word Analysis,proportion:(TEM-4) correct or ideal relation in size, degree, etc between one thing and another or between the parts of a whole: in / out of eg. the two windows are in admirable . proportional: corresponding in size, amount or degree (to sth); in correct ,Word Analysis,E-C

9、 A fixed of the fund is invested in British firms. What is the of men to women in the population. Try to draw the figures in the foreground in . C-E 他的薪金与工作量成比例，但与花费的时间不成比例。 His payment is in to / proportional to the (amount of ) work done, but not in to / proportional to the time taken to it.,Word

10、Analysis,end: n. aim or purpose gain / win / achieve ones ends 达到目的 with this end in view / to this end 以此为目标/未达到此目的 (saying) the end justifies the means: even wrong or unfair methods may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good. 只要目的正当，可以不择手段。,Word Analysis,impartial: adj. not favo

11、ring one person or thing more than another; fair or neutral eg. an judge, judgment impartiality: n. eg.They showed complete in discussing these sensitive issues. impartially: adv. treat prisoners ,Word Analysis,partial: (TEM 4) adj. of or forming a part; not complete eg. a success / a eclipse of sun

12、 (towards sb / sth) showing too much favor to one person or side; biased eg. The referee was accused of being sb / sth : having a strong liking for sb / sth eg. Hes to a glass of brandy after dinner.,Text Analysis,Part 1,What is the commonly accepted in terms of knowledge and wisdom? Most people bel

13、ieve that knowledge is not equal to wisdom as history has suggested that the acquisition of knowledge does not necessarily lead to the increase of wisdom.,Language Points in Part 1,surpass: (fml) vt. be even better or greater than sb. or sth. else. eg. As the saying goes, the latecomers the early st

14、arter. expectations / hopes / dreams surpassing: a. (fml) of high quality or degree; exceptional eg. beauty,Language Points in Part 1,surpass C-E 你今天特别行！ 我万万没想到风景那么漂亮。 yourself expectation,Language Points in Part 1,cease: vi. to stop doing something； n. The rain has ceased. Without cease cease-fire

15、Wonders will never cease.(Proverb),Part 2- Para 2,Skim and scan paragraph 2 and judge the following statement true / false: It has become more and more difficult for scientists and technicians to obtain a sense of proportion.,Language Points in Para 2,Take account of = take something into account Hi

16、s exam results were not very good, but we must his long illness. 他的考试成绩不好，但是我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。,Language Points in Para 2,The teachers promised to take account of the wishes of the parents before making any changes. 教师们答应在做出变更之前要考虑家长的愿望。,Language Points in Para 2,Attach to 1）To cause to belong to for a

17、limited period 使参加，使属于 During the war I was attached to the naval college as an instructor.,Language Points in Para 2,战争期间我被分配到海军军事学院当教官。 I got lost, so I attached myself to another party of tourists. 我由于迷了路，所以只好加入另一个旅行团。,What does sense of proportion mean?,The writer explains what sense of proporti

18、on means-the ability to take account of all the importan factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. In other words, it refers to the abiliy to judge correctly what facors are of more importance and what are of less importance. In the article, comprehesiveness is also used to refer to

19、 this ability.,Of these I should first put a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. Explain the underlined part in your own words please.,consider (when judging a situation)/take into consideration. give prope

20、r value to each/attach adequate importance to each.,Language Points in Para 2,due: a. (TEM 4) (作表语) (to sb): owed as a debt or an obligation （for sth）: owed sth; deserving sth to do sth: scheduled; arranged; expected requiring immediate payment (作定语) suitable; right; proper eg. after consideration,L

21、anguage Points in Para 2,due: a. (TEM 4) E-C She is for promotion soon. Have they been paid the money to them. My rent isnt due till Wednesday. His is book is to be published in October.,Language Points in Para 2,due to / owing to He was late _ the very heavy traffic. Accidents _ driving at high spe

22、ed were very common that weekend. _ the rain, the match was cancelled.,Language Points in Para 2,spectacular: (TEM 4) adj. (syn) magnificent, brilliant making a very fine display or show eg. a display of fireworks / a waterfall / scene / sight / view / building (attracting attention because) impress

23、ive or extraordinary eg. success/ miracles / sound,Language Points in Para 2,spectacular: (TEM 4) n. impressive show/performance, spectacle spectacle: n. - grand display, procession, performance eg. The ceremonial opening of the Asian Games was a fine . - impressive, remarkable or interesting sight

24、eg. The sunrise seen from high in the mountains was a tremendous . (idm) make a of oneself,Language Points in Para 2,disinterested VS uninterested Compare the meaning of “interested”: I am very in local history. The lawyer invited the parties to discuss the problem. disinterested / uninterested She

25、seemed completely _in what I had to tell her about my new job. In financial matters, it is important to get _ advice.,Part 2-Para 3,Skim and scan paragraph 2 and judge the following statement true / false: Historians should be impartial and avoid being affected by their sentiment.,Part 2- Para 3,Ref

26、er to Para 3. Here Hegals example tells us that historians should view facts through the right means of passions as well as a wide scope of knowledge.,Part 2- Para 3,According to the writer, how are feelings related to wisdom? (the author gives us an example to illustrate this),Part 2- Para 3,If one

27、 harbors narrow feelings,his research and study could be harmful to the society. The research could be done in the interest of a small group; the result of his study could be biased. So knowledgeable as he is, he is not a wise man.,Part 2- Para 3,To implant wisdom, one is required to make efforts to

28、 restrain the narrow personal feelings and have a more extensive passion for human life. This is why wisdom consists not only of the ability of judging what is most important but also of an awareness of the goals of human life.,Language Points in Para 3,constitute: - to form or make up (fml)不用于进行时 e

29、g. The 50 states that constitute the USA 组成美国的50个州 Your attitude constitutes a direct challenge to my authority. 你的态度成了对我权威的直接挑战。,Language Points in Para 3,constitute: - to formally establish or appoint 制定,设立 eg. Government should be constituted by the will of the people. 政府应依人民的意志而设立,Language Point

30、s in Para 3,eminent (TEM4): a. - famous and admired eg. Even the most eminent doctors could not cure him. 甚至是最杰出的医生都治不好他的病。 He is eminent as a sculptor and as a portrait painter. 他既是接触的雕刻家又是著名的肖像画家。,Language Points in Para 3,eminent (TEM4): a. - （of qualities）remarkable; outstanding eg. a man of goo

31、dness,Language Points in Para 3,eminent, distinguished, outstanding Outstanding 指“优秀”，可指与周围事物截然不同的特征； Distinguished 强调得到公认或礼遇的殊荣； Eminent语气最强烈，比较严肃，指一种固定的，受人尊敬的价值或品质，也指那些最受人尊崇的某一阶层人士。,Language Points in Para 3,eminent, distinguished, outstanding He lost his way because there was no _ landmark. The _

32、 scientist recently won the Nobel Prize. His is man of _ fairness.,Language Points in Para 3,distort (TEM4): v. (distortion n.) give a false or dishonest account of eg. The government were accused of having systematically distorted the protesters case. pull or twist (sth) out of its usual shape eg.

33、a face distorted by pain Make (sth) look unusual eg. a distorting mirror The announcement was so distorted that I couldnt understand what was said.,Language Points in Para 3,inculcate (fml) Fix the idea in the mind of sb.反复灌输 sth (in/into sb); sb with sth C-E eg. They inculcate the will to succeed i

34、n all their children. They inculcate all their children with the will to succeed. 他们向子女反复灌输立志成功的决心。,Language Points in Para 3,standard-bearer: an outstanding leader of a political movement eg. One of the standard-bearers of the anti-nuclear movement. 反核运动的领导者之一。,Language Points in Para 3,by no means

35、 - in no sense; certainly not 并没有；绝不： eg. This remark by no means should be taken lightly. 这次讲话绝不能等闲视之.,Part 2- Para 4,Skim and scan paragraph 4 and judge the following statement true / false: A nationalist extremist is not wise.,Part 2- Para 4,Refer to Para 4 A nationalist extremist holds an unjust

36、ified prejudice against other people, which signifies a lack of wisdom.,Part 2- Para 4,Refer to Para 4 A nationalist extremist holds an unjustified prejudice against other people, which signifies a lack of wisdom.,Language points in Para 4,emancipation (TEM4): n. emancipate: v. sb (from sth) set sb

37、free, esp from political, legal or social restriction eg. slaves Women are still struggling to be fully emancipated.,Language points in Para 4,attain - to gain or achieve after long effort 达到，获得 She attained rank of deputy director.她晋升为副局长。 attain ones objective/goal/ambition attainable,Language poi

38、nts in Para 4,attainment: n. - success in reaching The attainment of her ambitions was still a dream. - thing attained, esp skill or knowledge a scholar of the highest attainments,Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossib

39、le of achievement. Explain the sentence in your own words please.,It would be unwise to pursue a goal that is bound to fail though it might be noble to do so. attainable: cacapable of being attained or accomplished ; choose an attainable goal; inherent: in the nature of something though not readily

40、apparent,Language points in Para 4,elixir: n. a substance believed to cure all ills E - C eg. Dont imagine that lowing inflation is an elixir for all our economic ills. 不要以为减少通货膨胀率就是医治我们所有的经济弊端的灵丹妙药。,Language points in Para 4,confer: 1) with sb on/about sth have discussion (esp in order to exchange

41、opinions or get advice) C-E eg. She confer with her advisers about both private and business issues before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再来宣布私人问题或生意问题方面的决定。,Language points in Para 4,confer: 2) sth on sb to officially give sb. a title, honor, favor, etc, especially as a reward for something they h

42、ave achieved. grant eg. An honorary degree was conferred on him by the University.,No doubt, if they could have found them, they would have conferred great benefits upon mankind, but as it was their lives were wasted. Explain the underlined part please.,Certainly/Very probably brought a good and hel

43、pful effect to mankind. in reality/ in actual situation,as it was VS. as it is VS. as it were I thought things would get better, but as it is, they are getting worse. We expected to arrive at 6:30 p.m., but as it was, we arrived at 6:40 p.m. He becomes, as it were, a man without a country.,as it wer

44、e表示，as it used to be, 在任何情况下，比如句子前半部分无论主语是单数是负数或者无论时态怎么样，此处一律写成as it were eg. The responsibility of protecting the environment is, as it were, with everybody. The guests sitting on that table were, as it were, Mr. and Mrs. Smiths.,To descend to less heroic matters, consider the case of two men, Mr.

45、A and Mr. B, who hate each other and, through matual hatred, bring each other to destruction. Explain the underlined part please.,talk (disapprovingly) about something less worthy or less important. destroy or ruin each other heroic: very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially i

46、n size or scale);,descend: （TEM 4） 1）（fml）move downward or lower eg. The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. 2) (fml) (of night, darkness) fall eg. Night descends quickly in winter. descend to: do or say sth that is mean and unworthy,Vice: (TEM 4) - badness of character (性格上的)缺陷，弱点，邪恶)

47、Would you like a whisky? No, thanks; alcohol isnt one of my vices. 我没贪杯这个习惯 Seven deadly sins VS Seven Holy Virtues,instill: to teach sb. to think, behave, or feel in a particular way over a period of time 逐渐灌输，逐步培养 eg. instill confidence/fear/discipline etc into sb,C-E A managers job is to instill

48、determination into his players. 经理人的工作就是逐渐培养组员们的信心。 We instilled the need for discipline and obedience into the new recruits. 我们逐渐使新兵懂得遵守纪律和服从命令的必要性。,Part 2- Para 5,Refer to Para 5 Judge whether the statement true/false: To be wise means to get rid of the physical restraint entirely and ascend to th

49、e spiritual world.,The mistake lies in the extremity of the statement. According to Russell, man can not free himself entirely from the physical and emotional need, so one can only grow in wisdom, which itself is a matter of degree.,be bound up with : be intimately involved in, dependent on eg. The

50、survival of these creatures is intimately bound up with the health of the ocean.,What does convincing each that the other has only the normal share of human wickedness suggest? This suggests that all humans are wicked to some extent.,descend: （TEM 4） 1）（fml）move downward or lower eg. The balloon des

51、cended gradually as the air came out. 2) (fml) (of night, darkness) fall eg. Night descends quickly in winter. descend to: do or say sth that is mean and unworthy,What does This is of course a matter of degree. mean?,descend: （TEM 4） 1）（fml）move downward or lower eg. The balloon descended gradually

52、as the air came out. 2) (fml) (of night, darkness) fall eg. Night descends quickly in winter. descend to: do or say sth that is mean and unworthy,The writer suggests that people cannot avoid being partial. The difference between a wise man and an unwise man is the former has lesser degree of partial

53、ity, as one becomes more impartial, his wisdom grows.,What, according to Russell, is the essence of wisdom? And how can one acquire the very essence?,According to Russell, the essence of wisdom lies in impartiality, the ability to defy the physical world. Russell believes the process of growing wise

54、 is that of tearing oneself away from the physical and emotional worlds and moving into a higher stage, the spiritual world.,intellectual VS intelligent Intellectual: a. of or belonging to the intellect a. of, interested in or able to deal with things of the mind (eg the arts, ideas for their own sa

55、ke) n. a person who is well informed and intelligent,intellectual VS intelligent Intelligent: having or showing intelligence,desirable VS desirous desirable: worth having; to be wished for eg. a solution desirous: (fml/rhet) of sth/doing sth/that eg. of peace of restoring relations between our two n

56、ations,undesirable: 1) likely to cause trouble/inconvenience; unwanted eg. The drug has no effects. 2) (of a person, his habits, etc) of a kind not to be welcomed in society, objective eg. She is a most influence.,Keys to exercises: Vocabulary exercises: 1. help to cultivate or foster 2. consider (

57、when judging a situation)/take into consideration, give proper value to each/attach adequate importance to each,Keys to exercises: Vocabulary exercises: 3. Certainly/Very probably brought a good and helpful effect to mankind 4. talk (disapprovingly) about sth less worthy or less important destroy or

58、 ruin each other,Keys to exercises: Vocabulary exercises: 5. connected with/dependent on 6. accordingly 1. pursue 2 ceased 3. attainable 4 enmity 5. populous 6 surpassed 7. impartial 8 appallingly,Vocabulary Exercises 1. A. intellectual B. intelligent C. intelligent D. intellectual 2. A. unintereste

59、d B. disinterested 3. A. continuous B. continual 4. A. unaffected B. Disaffected,Vocabulary Exercises 5. A. By all means B. by no means 6. A. forgetful B. forgettable 1. beneficiaries 2. undesirable 3. horizontally 4. descendants 5. increasingly 6. philosophical,Vocabulary Exercises 1. contracted 2. keep quiet 3. investigate 4. treat 5. go 6. lost consciousness,more () than; no more () than, not any more than more () tha