新编英语语法教程第16讲.ppt

1、第16讲 虚拟式,16.1 be- 型虚拟式 be型虚拟式是指动词永远使用原形,不管主语是什么,动词都为原形. 1) 用于表示命令,决定,建议等词语之后的that 分句中 A) 表示命令决定建议的动词之后的从句,如动词:decide, decree,demand insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, suggest, vote 等 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. We propose that somebody neutral take the chair

2、.,The doctor insisted that he not eat meat. B) 表示命令决定建议的名词之后的从句,如名词: decision, decree, demand, instruction,order, requirement, resolution 等 We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable.,His order that the troops not be sent at once

3、was carried out. C) 用在一些形容词后的真实主语从句中.如形容词:advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper等.,It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It is necessary that he come back without delay. I thought it advisable that an ar

4、med guard stand in readiness. 2) 用于由if, though 等引导的分句中. 推测,让步,防备等含义. if , though,whatever, lest ,so long as If the rumour be true, everything is possible. Though everyone desert you, I will not. Whatever be his defense, we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.,3) 用于某些公式化语句中 Long live the Peoples Republic

5、 of China. God bless you! So be it. Suffice it to say that I know nothing. Far be it from me to call him a thief. I will stay here with you if need be.,16.2 were-型虚拟式 were 型虚拟式只有一种形式,即不管主语是什么,动词一律用过去式, be 动词一律用 were. 1) 用于某些状语分句中.常用于if, if only, as if, as though, though 引导的非真实从句,If I were you, I sho

6、uld wait till next week. If it were to rain, the game would be put off. He spoke to me as if I were deaf. He behaves as though he were better than us. If only I were not so nervous.,2) 用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine 引导的从句中,也表示非真实的臆想. I wish it were spring all the year round. Id rather I were

7、 not at the site of the accident. Suppose the earth were falt. Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.,16.3 假设意义表示法综述 1)表示假设意义的一些结构 A) Its time that Its time we went to bed. Youve been working hard. Its time you took a rest. Its high time we left this place.,B) I would rather/ sooner that I w

8、ould rather she got home a little earlier. Id rather he told me the truth. I would rather he had been present. C) If only If only I knew her address.,If only I had gone by taxi. D) behaves as if/ as though He behaves as if he owned this place. She was sitting quietly in the garden as if / as though

9、nothing had happened to her.,E) I wish I wish I didnt have to go to work today. I wish I hadnt said that. 含蓄条件句 But for your help, I couldnt have achieved anything. In different circumstances, I might have agreed.,用于其他语境 That she should forget me so quickly was rather a shock. Who would have thought

10、 that things should come to such a tragic end. The door was pushed open; who should come in but the woman they were talking about. He stepped into a cave and what should he see but a tigress with her baby tigers.,非真实条件句 所表假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气. 1) 与现在事实相反的非真实条件句,条件从句的谓语 用动词的过去式,结果主句的

11、谓语是should/ would +动词原形 If we left now, we should arrive in good time. Even if he had the money, he wouldnt buy it.,2) 与过去事实相反的非真实条件句,条件从句的谓语用过去完成,结果主句用should/ would +现在完成 If we had had time, we would have dropped by. If I hadnt said that, the meeting would have succeeded .,3)与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句,从句的谓语用过

12、去式或were to +动词原形,结果主句的谓语用should/ would +动词原形 If you dropped the glass, it would break. If you lived there for a while, you would change your mind about that.,If he were to visit our dormitory, we should get the news. If it were to rain tomorrow, what should we do?,Exercise 16D 1. 如果有必要,我自然会带你去. A: 2

13、. 要是我来做这事,我要采用不同的方法. A: 3. 总统命令所有武装部队立即动员起来. A:,I would certainly take you there if need be.,If I were to do this, I would adopt a different method.,The president ordered that all the armed forces be mobilized at once.,4. 董事会决定任命约翰逊为总经理. A: 5. 如果我是你,我会勇敢地正视这一问题. A: 6. 假如我身体好一些,我早就离开这里了. A:,The board

14、 decided that Johnson be appointed general manager.,If I were you, I would face up to the problem.,If I were in better health, I would have long left this place.,7. 我非常不愿意眼看他犯错误. A: 8. 我多么希望我们厂装备得好一些. A: 9. 要不是我们明天有测验,我今晚就去看电影了. A:,If we werent to have our test tomorrow, I would go and see a film th

15、is evening.,How I wish our factory were better equipped.,Far be it from me to see him make a mistake.,10.对所有申请者必须逐一面试. A: 11. 有人建议另外开一次会来讨论通货膨胀的问题. A: 12. 我一定要她在上海再多待一两天. A:,It is essential that all the applicants be interviewed one by one.,It was suggested that another session be held to discuss th

16、e problem of inflation.,I insisted that she stay in Shanghai for another day or two.,13. 钢铁工人要求提高工资百分之十. A: 14. 我赞成他们提出的关于延期讨论的动议. A: 15. 我宁愿我的秘书陪我去北京. A:,I prefer that my secretary accompany me to Beijing.,I second their motion that the discussion be put off.,The steel workers demanded that their wages be increased by 10 per cent.,16. 已经决定让出更多的时间用于泛读. A: 17.没有民族独立哪来民主自由,说这一句就够了. A: 18. 如果你不听我的忠告,那就算了. A:,Suffice it to say that without national independence there is no democracy or freedom.,If you do not listen to my a