Camila PPT.ppt

1、本单元教学特色,1、用图表和术语全面介绍叙述文的写作技巧和方法， 2、篇章结构分析，抓住关键点将课文有机的串起来，使学生迅速掌握课文。 3、独特的语言赏析角度，帮助学生把握分析语言的方法。,Lesson One,Face to Face with Hurricane Camille,Aims,To know the writing technique of a narrative. To be acquainted with some literary terms To learn to use words to describe disasters and violence To appre

2、ciate the language features To learn to write a story about disasters.,Teaching Contents,1. The literary style 2. Detailed study of the text 3. Organizational pattern 4. Language features 5. Exercises,Time allocation,1. The literary style (narration) (15 min.) 2. Detailed study of the text (120 min.

3、) 3. Structure analysis (15 min.) 4. Language appreciation (15 min.) 5. Exercises (15 min),Lesson One,Theme - man vs nature,The literary style,A piece of narration is mainly developed in the actual time sequence. The writer tells the readers what happens first , what next. chronological development,

4、The Literary terms,narration - story tellingextended narration - novels histories biographies autobiographies travelogues,The Literary terms,The essentials of narration:1. characters2. plotA good story has a beginning, a middle, an end, even though it may start in the middle or at some other point i

5、n the action and move backward to the earlier happenings.,The Literary terms,Narration is concerned with action. It goes around people called characters in some kind of struggle or conflict against other people, nature, society or themselves.,The Literary terms,protagonist - leading character antago

6、nist - the people or forces protagonist fights against suspense - a state of uncertainty,The Literary terms,interposition - a passage which is put between the action The purpose is to add more information to create suspense,The Literary terms,flashback - interruption of chronological sequence by int

7、erjection of event of earlier occurrence climax - the most exciting, important interesting part on the story, denouement - the ending of a story,climax falling action denouement rising action conflict beginning suspense ending,The detailed study of the text,hurricane -1. strong tropical storm2. stro

8、ng fast wind which speeds more than 75 mph3. western Atlantic Ocean4. given a girls name; named alphabetically / ordered according to the initial letter,The detailed study of the text,typhoon -1. Western Pacific Ocean or China Sea2. numbered,hurricane,whirlwind - a general term/ circular wind tornad

9、o -visible as a tube-shaped cloud of dust which moves in a relatively narrow path can be devastating in its destructiveness.*image-1* cyclone - a vortex, usually hundreds of miles in diameter*image-2*,gale,- a general term for a very strong wind capable of doing considerable damage to property,wind,

10、the Beaufort scale，蒲福风力等级(英国海军将领Francis Beaufort1774-1857拟订,分0-12级), defines wind as: 0 clam breeze 0 1 light breeze 1-3 mph 2 slight breeze 4-7 3 gentle breeze 8-12 moderate breeze 1318 fresh breeze 1924,the Beaufort scale,6 strong breeze 25-31 7 moderate gale 32-38 8 fresh gale 39-46 9 strong gale

11、 47-54 10 whole gale 55-63 11 storm 64-75 12 hurricane over 75,the Beaufort scale,The Beaufort Scale defines a storm as a wind having velocity of between 64 and 75 miles an hour.,weather forecast,The weather forecast says cloudy today, with a strong wind from the northwest, grade five to six on the

12、Beaufort Scale. The lowest temperature during the daytime will be eight degrees centigrade below zero.,The detailed study of the text,August 17 Hurricane devastated the area for 2 daysbad - destructive /devastating / terribly forceful,lash -,to strike with great force to move violently or suddenlyTh

13、e waves lashed the racksThe rain was lashing against the windows.,pummel,pummel - spelled pommel to beat suddenly or attack vigorously to hit with repeated blows,reasons to stay,1. He is a self-employed businessman Magna product - the name of his company implication: How great the loss it would be i

14、f the house was destroyed.2. His present house was in a better condition than his former house.,batten down,batten - a strip of wood used in construction and oft. used in the old days in ship building. to batten down - metaphor to secure with battens The elder Koshak is talking about preparing and s

15、ecuring the house for the storm to come.,Blends,motel (motor+hotel) boatel (boat+hotel) brunch (breakfast + lunch)chunnel (channel + tunnel) 运河地下道slurbs (slum + suburbs)slanguage (slang + language),Blends,cafetorium (cafe + auditorium) talkthon ( talk + marathon) filmusical ( film + musical) comsat

16、(communications + satellite),Blends,sitcom (situatin + comedy )情景喜剧 narcokleptocracy (narcotic麻醉剂的) + (kleptomania 偷窃癖+ cracy 统治阶层) 官贩毒 magalog ( magazine + catalog) 杂志目录,Blends,comint ( communications + intelligence) 通讯情报 sportscasters ( spots + broadcaster) 体育节目广播员 masscult (mass + culture) 平民文化,s

17、cud,- move swiftlyThe speed of these clouds is an indication of the swiftness with which the storm is approaching. The boat scudded before the strong west wind came. scud missiles,disintegrate,- collapse, crumble. fall apart break into many small pieces and is destroyed Is society beginning to ? Sin

18、ce the Soviet Union ed, the cold war came to an end.,blast,1. (an explosion) burst, explosion 2. ( a loud sound) roar, bang, noiseunexpected quick strong movement of wind or rain 一阵；一股 a blast of wind wintry blast,shove,- push with a quick, rather violent movement He dragged her out to the door and

19、shoved her into the street. The car wont start. Can you give it a shove?,douse,- immerse, soak, submerge, drench He doused the clothes in soapy water.,on the verge of,- very near to the action She was so unhappy that she was on the verge of (committing) suicide. The country is on the verge of disast

20、er. The child is on the verge of tears. The company is on the verge of insolvency.,to the verge of,The attack brought the country to the verge of war. The old man had been driven to the verge of despair.,crushing,- devastating / defeating /people feel upset or shocked The final lecture was interrupt

21、ed by the crushing news of president Kennedys death. It was a crushing result for the Labor Party.,ferocity,- the quality of being violent / strength/ intensity 凶猛程度 u Violence broke out in greater amount and ferocity. He had never heard such ferocity in a mans voice.,maroon,- v. (usu. p.p.) to leav

22、e one or more people alone, with no means of getting away. If one is marooned, he is left in a place, which is difficult or impossible to escape from. Five fishermen were marooned on a rock in a gale.,grade,- classify by grades Apples are graded according to size and quality. Poultrymen grade their

23、eggs from small to extra large.,mph - mile per hour,rpm - revolutions per minutegpm - gallons per minutefps - feet per second,spectacular,- very impressive, dramatic, breathtaking 壮观的，引人注目的，激动人心 The man gave a spectacular display of horse riding. He made a spectacular jump from the burning building.

24、 Some films present spectacular scenes like battles, processions, storms, races etc,vantage point(s),point of vantage - a good position from which you can see a lot of things The TV tower will provide a vantage point from which we can have a birds eye view of the city. They fired upon the enemy from

25、 behind trees, walls and any other point of vantage they could find.,para 19 20,Two paras were put in to provide further official account to show how strong and forceful the hurricane was. They were convincing.,Dear Lord, give me.,Why no quotation marks? The writer wants to make his account smooth.

26、He purposely omits quotation marks. The action is quickened and smooth.,frustrate,- cause sb to have feelings of annoys and disappointment If sth frustrates you, it makes you feel upset and angry because you are unable to deal with the difficulties and problems it gives you.,frustrate,Giving a child

27、 problems he cant solve will only frustrate him. He was frustrated by his poverty. The lack of money and facilities depressed and frustrated him. There must be nothing more frustrating than having a job you dont like .,frustration u.,Without public support our efforts will end in frustration.,a lean

28、-to,1 a building joined to one of the sides of a larger building with which it shares one wall:a cottage with a lean-to garage2 US a shelter or simple building with a roof that slopes in one direction, which is slept in when campingHere “a lean-to” is a support,thrust,- onslaught, attack, push, driv

29、e,strew,- spread, cover, scatter His clothes were strewn all over the room. The floor is strewn with broken glass. After the riot, the street was strewn with broken bottles and stones.,festoon,- decorate The garden was festooned with colored lights.,National Guard,Each state has its own organization

30、 of the National Guard. It is composed of ordinary citizens who may be called to duty at any time. 国民警卫队,Civil Defense Unit - 民防队,play much the same role, but are not military in nature,The Salvation Army,A world-wide Christian organization founded by William Booth in White Chapel, London in 1865. T

31、he Salvation Army is concerned with spreading the Christian message and with social reform. Its officers have military titles and members wear uniforms.,Red Cross,An international organization concerned with the alleviation of human suffering and the promotion of public health. A red cross on a whit

32、e background is the symbol.,rake its way,- meta. If raking a surface, you move a rake across it in order to make it smooth and level- to attack and devastate as it swept along,rampage ,If people or animal rampage, they rush about in a wild or violent way, often causing damages or destruction. The el

33、ephants are rampaging through the bush. ( hard to control/ mad/ violent / raging),Seabees,- C.B. members of the construction Battalions of the Civil Engineer corps of the US navy, that build harbor facilities airfields etc 海军工程队,wreckage,- you refer to what remains of a plane, car, building etc, tha

34、t has been very badly damaged as wreckage,assume/ presume,The meaning of these words are quite close assume - to come to a conclusion on the basis of what is known or felt to be true presume - to come to a conclusion by supposing / connotes an arrogation (claim) of boldness and of unwarranted infere

35、nce ( which might well be unjustified),assume/ presume,1. After talking with you yesterday, I assumed you were going to the party. 2. I saw them together and presumed they had reconciled their differences, but from what you tell me, I know I was wrong. assumption/ presumption,tilt / slant / slope,ti

36、lt - action to tilt sth is to incline it at an angle lowering or raising one side slant - state general word If sth slants, it lies along a line that is neither horizontal nor vertical an oblique placement or position,tilt / slant / slope,fig. suggesting a bias toward a particular point of view We c

37、all news so slanted propaganda. 我们把这种倾斜性的新闻称之为宣传。,slope ,almost the same as slant, but is most often applied to a lay of landa slanted linea sloping lawn,diminish / minimize,diminish - make smaller or less important, reduce, shrink The aspirin tablets will diminish your pain.,diminish / minimize,min

38、imize - reduce to the smallest possible amount, degree, size, belittle It is always unwise to minimize the horrors of war. Since I am doing the best I am, you should not try to minimize my efforts. Minimize is an absolute term and should not be accompanied by adverbs somewhat, greatly,salvage / save

39、 / rescue,salvage - save from loss or damage by wrecking , fire etc things a difficult situation,save ,if you save someone or sth, you help them to avoid harm or failure or to escape from dangerous or unpleasant situation- An artificial heart could his life.- They prayed for rain to save the village

40、.- She saved him from drowning.- They were trying to save their marriage.,salvage / save / rescue,rescue - if you rescue sb or sth, you take an action to help them get away from a dangerous or harmful situation.* All my attempts to him were in vain.* They decided not to the factory.,destroy, demolis

41、h, raze, annihilate, exterminate, extinguish,antonyms- build, create, establish, repair, device These words refer to the complete and usually forcible breaking up or damaging of something so that it is no longer recognizable or effective.,destroy,- a general word with few overtones beyond its emphas

42、is on force and thoroughness. the fire that destroyed several houses on the road,demolish / raze,generally applied to big or substantial things, such as buildings or other edifices A building is demolished if smashed to pieces. A building is razed if levelled to the ground. Demolish is often used fi

43、guratively of the reduction of any complex whole to ruins. to demolish a theory with a few incisive comments.,annihilate,- the most extreme word in this list literally means to reduce to nothingIt denotes a severe degree of damage to a thing or person to destroy completely 歼灭， 绝灭,exterminate / extin

44、guish,extinguish - destroy purposefully exterminate - wipe out or kill in great numbers insects by spraying with DDT extinguish - put out as a fire, the word is also used metaphorically as a synonym for die, thus implying a comparison between life and a spark or flame His life was finally extinguish

45、ed by the onset of pneumonia.,rot, decay, moulder, decompose, putrefy,antonyms- bloom, flourish, grow- refer to the breakdown of dead organic tissues by natural bacterial processes,rot,- the least formal, the most effective , forceful of these words , suggesting an advanced point in this process of

46、breakdown 损坏过程中最深的一种状态 The tissues at this point might or might not be foul-smelling but they would in any case be almost unrecognizable. The snail has completely rotted away inside its shell.,decay,- a more matter-of-fact word than rot 更为实用 applied generally to the whole process of breakdown, but p

47、articularly to the end point of total destruction The corpse had already decayed, leaving only the skeleton intact.,molder,- decay gradually and turn into dust his remains moldering in the tomb,decompose,- more formal substitute for decay clinical word临床学词汇 change chemically and begin to rot 分解，腐败,p

48、utrefy,- stressing particularly the presence of foul or poisonous gases and noxious 有害的odours Salmon 鲑鱼that had spawned 产卵and died and now lay putrefying in the shallows of the stream. spoil - food (informal) disintegrate - break into small pieces,Organizational pattern,Sect I. para 1-6 introduction

49、 the setting of the story background information time place characters reasons actions,Organizational pattern,Sect II para 7-27 How the family was brought face to face with the hurricane. How the family was fighting against it and survived. How many onslaughts did the hurricane make on the Koshaks?,

50、4 onslaughts,1. (p7) on the first floor the house was leaking. They used all kinds of utensils to fight against the water. 2. (p 8-13 ) on the staircase When the sea water reached the house, they retreated to the staircase,4 onslaughts,3. (p 14-21) in the bedroomWhen the stirs were broken, they retr

51、eated to the bedroom.(p 19-20) interposition giving additional information about the devastating force of the hurricane, implying if anyone could survive, it must be a miracle. creating suspense,4 onslaughts,4. (p22-26) in the TV room When the bedroom walls collapsed, they had to retreat to the TV r

52、oom.,Organizational pattern,Sect. III para 2739 conclusion (a bit too long) the scene after the storm the relief work done by the state the relief work done by the Koshaks,Organizational pattern,The most important part is the last para. I realize we lost nothing important.,Organizational pattern,- W

53、hat s the purpose behind the story by giving us a reflection from grandmother? Human beings are more important than anything else in the world. ( the material things),Language features,1. the effective use of verbs The effective use of verbs is the only way to focus on action, esp. one syllable verb

54、s, because one syllable verbs save time. lash, lap, skim, scud, yell, dump, shot, snap, hit, whip,Language features,2. short elliptical sentences a) increase the tempo of action b) create the atmosphere of tension, danger and urgency,Language features,3. successful achievement of chronological devel

55、opment Chronological development is achieved by :connectors - so, then, but.transitional phrases - seconds later, after that , for an instant, by this time, etc,Language features,4. the words with which vividly describe the violence of the hurricane. - quick, unpleasant effect lash, crack, snap, sla

56、shing, smash, shatter, rampage, collapse, lap,Exercise II.,1. There are two reasons. One is John Koshak is a self-employed businessman and his business is right at home. If he abandoned his home, his business would be ruined. The other reason is that his house is in a better condition than his forme

57、r one, which is 250 yards away from the sea.,Exercise II.,2. “Magna Products” is the name of his company. 3. Because salty water was sea water. It showed that the sea water had reached the house. they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.,Exercise II,4. She fe

58、ared death would soon come, and she wanted to remind her husband of her undying love. This would help to encourage each other and make them feel better to face the death. 5. Because he had not been cautious enough to move the family away from the danger zone before the storm arrived.,Exercise II,6. In order to get their minds off the storm and make them feel less afraid