时态与语态2014.ppt

1、一.2008-2013年语法填空对于时态语态的考查: Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention.(08) . people stepped on your feet or _ (push) you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.(09) After a four-journey, the young man _(present) the water to the ol

2、d man.(10) He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.(11),results,pushed,presented,was pretending,5. He walked in as if he _(buy) the school. (12) 6.One day, Nick invited his friends to supper . He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly , he _(find) that he had

3、 run out of salt.(13),had bought,found,二. 主要的时态(高中阶段要求掌握10种) 1-4. 一般过去现在将来过去将来 5-7. 过去/现在/将来 完成时 8-10. 过去/现在/将来 进行时 11-12. 过去/现在 完成进行时,三.以take 为例,列出12种时态的形式:,三.以take 为例,列出12种时态的形式:,四.主要十种时态在时间轴上的表示:,now,future,ago,五. 主要时态的用法: 1. 一般现在时(take/takes),表示经常性/习惯性的动作,常和频度副词或词组连用 She always does her homework

4、 in the evening. 2) 表示现在状态 He is good at maths. 3) 表示客观真理 The sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening.,4）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等 The train leaves at three this afternoon. 5）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come here tomorrow ,we will go to the countr

5、yside together.,2. 一般过去式 标志语: yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982, just now ,1)表示过去某一特定时间发生的时态, 与现在没有联系. The thief broke into the house yesterday. 2)表示过去的特征和状态 He worked as a lawyer three years ago. There was a bridge over the river when we lived here.,3.一般将来时 will / shall do,表示将来发生的动作或状态，常与表

6、示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday I shall/will graduate next year. He will be back in a few days.,4. 现在进行时,表示说话的时刻或现阶段正在发生的事 They are having an exam now. They are learning how to drive these days.,2) 表示将来(只局限于一些瞬间表示来去的位移性动词,常见的动词有: come, go, leave, arrive, fly, start等) My

7、grandparents are coming tomorrow.,5. 过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻某事正在发生 I was watching TV this time yesterday. They were travelling this time last year.,2)表示一个动作正发生时,另一个动作发生了 While I was telephoning, the door bell rang. They were laughing when their teacher came.,6.现在完成时 have(has)+Ved,1) 表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作和状态。通常

8、与“for, since，so far, up to now, until now ”等表时间的状语连用 我在教室里坐了几个小时了. I have sat for hours in the classroom. 我至今没去过欧洲. I havent been to Europe so far.,2)在“this/it is/was the first/ second/ third time that”句型里要求 用现在/过去完成时。 这是我第一次演讲.,This is the first time that I have given a speech.,(3) By the end of +现

9、在的时间状语,By the end of this term, we have learned 3500 words.,By the end of last term, we had learned 3500 words.,By the end of next term, we will have learned 3500 words.,4) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。 John has broken his left leg. I have seen the film, and dont want to see it a second time.,7.过去完成时(had

10、done),表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况 (过去的过去） I had stayed in Beijing for three years by 2003.,当我去到机场时,他已经走了. When I got to the airport, _. 他说他之前读过这本书. He said_.,he had already left,he had read the book before,解动词填空题“三步曲”,1.I (have) this book for 2 weeks.,have had,are planted,一看时间状语,2.Every year, many trees (pla

11、nt) along the river.,3.Keep quiet, please! They (have) a lesson.,are having,4.-Hi,Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I (get) ready for the exam.,was getting,5.Tom (go) to bed early， but his brother doesnt.,6. Listen! Jims radio (make) a loud noise. Would you please tell him to turn it down?

12、,goes,is making,二观上下文联系,三找隐含条件,注：特殊句型（p227）,六.exercises: P227228 1-16 单句填空,1. If you dont like the drink you _(order) just leave it and try a different one.,灵活运用,根据此句意可知, “点饮料”已经发生了,否则怎么知道自己不喜欢呢？所以空格处用一般过去时。,ordered,2. Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _ (do).,句意是：我一完成我做的工作就去图书馆。由于“去图

13、书馆”用的是一般将来时,说明要完成的工作是“现在”正在做的事情, 故用现在进行时。,am doing,3. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ (give) in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.,根据句中的was worried about和everything was going on smoothly可知选用过去进行时。句意为：经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。但幸运的是，一切进展顺利。,was gi

14、ving,4. It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend) since I came to this school.,当一个受最高级形容词修饰的名词受到定语从句的修饰时，该定语从句既可用一般过去时，也可用现在完成时，但由于其后接了一个since引导的时间状语从句，故空格处应填现在完成时。,have attended,5.In the last few years thousands of films _(produce) all over the world.,时间状语in the last few years通常要与现在完成时连用。

15、,have been produced,6. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ (receive) from China.,从时间上看, 应该是先得到援助, 然后才表示感谢, 由于“表达”用的是一般过去时(expressed), 所以“得到援助”就应用过去完成时（had received）。,had received,7. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _(graduate) from colleg

16、e. 显然，儿子大学毕业在先, 杰克返回家在后。而“返回”家用的是一般过去时（returned）, 故儿子大学毕业要用过去完成时（had graduated）。,had graduated,8. Tom _(work) in the library every night over the last three months. 因over the last three months这类时间状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。,has been working,9. Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _

17、_(save) enough for a used one.,表示到将来某时(next month) 为止预计要完成的情况, 英语要用将来完成。,10. Is everyone here？ Not yet. Look, there _ (come) the rest of our guests!,由于以here和there开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态, 又因为句子主语the rest of our guests为复数, 故填come。,come,11. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _

18、(wear) evening dress.,根据句意, 此处谈的是一般情况, 要用一般现在时; 由于one of the women前有only修饰, 说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的, 而不是修饰women的, 所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数; 故填wears。,wears,12. Every few years, the coal workers _(have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.,根据句中的every few years(每隔几年) 可知, 动作带有经常性和规律性,故用一般现在时。,have,13.The book h

19、as been translated into thirty languages since it _ (come) on the market in 1973. 主句用现在完成时, since引导的从句用一般过去时。 14.When you are home, give a call to let me know you _(arrive) safely. 根据常识, 说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安, 故选现在完成时。,came,have arrived,15.Up to now, the program _ (save) thousands of children who

20、would otherwise have died.,短语up to now的意思是“到现在为止”,指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间, 通常与现在完成时连用。,has saved,16. For many years, people _ (dream) of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.,根据句意和句中的时态以及for many years(多年来) 可知, 要用现在完成时。,have dreamed,语态： 结构 : be +done 以take 为例写出8种主要时态

21、的被动结构及含有情态动词的被动结构,幻灯片 2,注意： 1. 只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost, have, own, lack, agree with, suffer from, belong to等及物动词或及物的短语动词也没有被动语态。 2. 像happen, take place等不及物动词是没有被动语态的。,翻译下列句子，指出主动表被动的情形 1. (1) This kind of cloth feels soft. (2) My advice proved workable.,(1)这种布料摸起来很柔软。 (2)我的建议证明是可行的。,1半连系动词主动表被动：look, sou

22、nd, smell, taste, prove, feel等；,2. (1) The door wont shut. (2) The library opens at 8 am. and closes at 5 pm.,(1)这门关不了的。 (2)图书馆早上8点开门，下午5点关门。,2当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。它们常与cant, wont等连用；,3. (1) The cloth washes well. (2) The poem reads smoothly. (3) The book se

23、lls well. (4) This cheese doesnt cut easily. (5) This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.,4,(1)这布料耐洗。 (2)这首诗歌读起来很流畅。 (3)这书很畅销。 (4)这奶酪不容易切。 (5)这种大米比那种大米容易煮熟。,3. 在一般现在时的句子中，为表达生动，简洁， read, write, wash, sell, clean, cook，burn, draw, cut, wear等词常与well, easily, quickly 等副词连用，常用主动表被动，表示事物的属性特征

24、；,4. (1) When does the concert begin? (2) The play ended at ten oclock.,4,(1)音乐会什么时候开始？ (2)戏剧10点结束。,4表示开始和结束的动词begin, start, finish, end可用主动表被动，不强调动作的执行者。,语态与广东高考 语态在语法填空中是可能要考的内容, 特别是一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。若掌握好被动语态, 在写作中适当运用, 可使句子更加多样化, 有时甚至会更加自然、生动。,17. In the near future, more advances in the robot tec

25、hnology _ (make) by scientists.,根据句意和空格后的介词by可知, 空格处应用被动语态; 再根据句中的in the near future可知, 应用一般将来时。,will be made,18.Experiments of this kind _ _(conduct) in both the U.S and Europe well before the Second World War.,由于主语experiments(实验)与动词conduct (实施)之间为被动关系, 故谓语动词应用被动语态; 又因为the Second World War为过去时间, 所以

26、before the Second World War就是“过去的过去”, 因此用过去完成时。,19. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ (rescue) four days later.,由于“海军士兵”与“营救”之间为被动关系, 故应用被动语态; 再根据four days later可知用一般过去时。,was rescued,20. All visitors to this village _ (treat) with kindness.,根据句意可知, visitors (游客) 与treat(对待)之间

27、为被动关系, 故用被动语态; 由于句中没有相应的过去时间, 故用一般现在时。句意为: 所有来访这个村庄的客人都会受到友好对待。,are treated,21.The church tower which _ _(restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.,根据句中的.will be open to tourists soon (不久将对游客开放) 以及 The work is almost finished (工程差不多快结束了) 可知, the church tower的修复工程还正在进行, 故用现

28、在进行时的被动语态。,22.This coastal area _(name) a national wildlife reserve last year.,由于this coastal area与name之间为被动关系, 再根据句中的last year可知, 用一般过去时的被动语态。,was named,23. Linda, make sure the tables _ (set) before the guests arrive.,由于table(桌子) 与set(摆, 放置) 之间为被动关系, 要用被动语态; 又因为make sure后接从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义, 故用一般现在

29、时的被动语态。,are set,24. Youve failed to do what you _(expect) to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.,由expect sb. to do sth. (期待某人做某事) 可知, you与expect为被动关系, 要用被动语态; 意思是指没有做“过去安排好要做的事”, 于是担心受惩罚, 故用一般过去时的被动语态。,were expected,25. People say that a smile can _ _(pass) from one person to another, but acts

30、 of kindness from strangers are even more so.,因a smile与pass是被动关系,故用被动语态, 注意情态动词后用原形。,be passed,26. When research _(assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.,谓语动词, 因research(研究工作)与assign(分配)是被动关系, 又根据前后时态(如expects)可知, 此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。,is a

31、ssigned,27. The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow. 因会议是被举行, tomorrow表明用一般将来时。 28. All the tickets _(sell) out when they rushed there. 因rushed是过去的动作, 在此之前就是过去的过去, 用过去完成时; 票被卖完, 故用过去完成时的被动语态。,will be held,had been sold,29. The cloth _(wash) well. 因这种布料本身的品质决定着好洗, 用主动形式表被动含义。 30. The door wont _(shut). 由主语的内在品

32、质问题使得谓语不能实现,即门坏了不能关, 用主动形式表被动含义。,washes,shut,二、语篇填空,Welcome to our school. Id like to introduce you plans for our school. A lot of work 1 _(do)in the past few years. The library 2 _ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work.,1. 由时间状语in the past few years可知。 2. 根据is ready for

33、 use可推出。,has been done,has been completed,A new biology lab 3 _(build)this year. But we dont have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades 4 _(collect) money. The money which is collected 5 _ (spend) on new equipment.,3. 根据句末的this year可知用进行时态。 4. 根据上下文可知。 5. 根据句意可知。,is being built,are

34、collecting,will be spent,At present, a plan 6 _ (make) for a party at the end of the term, at which wonderful performances 7 _ (put) on. The gardens of the school 8 _ _(improve)this year.,6. 由At present可知用进行时态。 7. 根据上下文可知。 8. 根据句意可知。,is being made,will be put,New trees 9 _ (plant)which will soon giv

35、e shade in summer. The whole school 10 _ _ (paint) during the summer holidays. In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful.,9. 根据句意可知。 10. 根据during the summer holidays可知。,are being planted,2011湛江一模 In the international business there is always a great need for creative talents. On the ot

36、her hand creative people are also searching for areas 16_ they can put their talents to use.,解析：16. 因为先行词是areas表示地点, 再根据关系词在从句中是作状语, 故此处应填写关系副词where。,where,A talent to be noticed nowadays is much 17_(easy)than it used to be in the old times. In the early days, for example, if one wanted to be a sing

37、er, he or she had to have a great amount of talent in singing. That was the only way they could promote 18 _ and be recognized.,解析：17. 由than可知。 解析：18. 根据下文“promoting oneself”判断此处应填themselves。句意为：那是他们推销自己和使自己得到别人认可的唯一方法。,easier,themselves,Now sources like the Internet help a great deal in promoting oneself. The Internet is like a global village. 19_ (seat) in your home you are capable 20 _ finding a lot of sources.,解析：19. 因seat作动词时, 意为“使就座, 使坐下”。seat sb./oneself=sb. be seated。 解析：20. 搭配：be capable of doing sth有能力做某事。,Seated,of,People with 21_(vary)of talents can be recog