Arthritis-and-Other-Joint-Conditions

1、.,1,Arthritis and Other Joint Conditions,关节炎和其他关节情况,.,2,Arthritis Types,Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿 OsteoArthritis 骨关节炎 Infectious (Septic) Arthritis 感染性关节炎,.,3,Other Joint Conditions,Gout 痛风 Pseudogout 假痛风 Torn/Strained Ligaments 韧带撕裂/劳损 Torn Cartilage 软骨撕裂 Tendinitis 肌腱炎 Bursitis 滑囊炎,.,4,Rheumatoid A

2、rthritis 类风湿,Description: Inflames Synovial Membranes in joint 关节滑膜炎 Abnormal Immune System Activity异常的免疫系统活动 Synovial Tissue Thickens 滑膜组织增厚 Causes ongoing inflammation and cartilage breakdown导致持续的炎症和软骨破裂,.,5,Rheumatoid Arthritis,Symptoms: Pain, stiffness, swelling in joints of hands, wrists, elbow

3、s, feet, ankles, knees, and neck症状:手指,手腕、肘、足, 踝,膝盖和颈部疼痛、僵硬、关节肿胀 Diagnosis: joint examination, medical history, several tests诊断:关节检查、病史,化验 Risk Factors: Age, Gender (female), genetic susceptibility, smoking风险因素:年龄、性别(女性),遗传易感性,吸烟,.,6,Rheumatoid Arthritis,Treatment: Physical Therapy: exercise, heat/co

4、ld, massage Occupational Therapy Biofeedback (to control pain) Counselling Accupuncture Supplements Blood Filtering (severe cases) 治疗: 物理治疗，运动，热/冷敷，按摩专业治疗生物制剂(控制疼痛) 咨询针灸 补充 血液透析(严重病例),.,7,OsteoArthritis,Description: Cartilage breakdown in joints; eventually can cause bone damage Symptoms: pain in jo

5、ints, limited Range of Motion, tenderness/swelling, deformity 描述:在关节软骨破坏;最终会导致骨损伤症状:关节疼痛、活动范围有限,压痛/肿胀、关节畸形,.,8,OsteoArthritis,Diagnosis: Physical Exam, X-Rays, Blood Tests Risk Factors: Age, Gender (female), previous joint injuries, obesity, weak thigh muscles, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or hemochr

6、omatosis 诊断:体检,x射线,血液化验 风险因素:年龄、性别(女性),以前的联合损伤、肥胖、大腿肌肉瘦消, 痛风、类风湿关节炎、血色素沉着症,.,9,OsteoArthritis,Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, corticosteroids, Surgery: arthroscopy, joint replacement, hip replacement, arthrodesis (fusing) 治疗: 糖皮质激素,药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药, 关节置换手术:关节镜, 髋关节置换,关节固定术(融合),.,10,Infectious/Septic Art

7、hritis,Description: joint inflammation as a result of an infection by bacteria, virus, parasites, or fungi; can damage tissue Symptoms: joint pain, redness, swelling, weight loss, fatigue, fever/chills 描述:关节炎症的感染由细菌,病毒,寄生虫,或真菌,能破坏组织 症状:关节疼痛、发红、肿胀、体重减轻、疲劳、发热/寒战,.,11,Infectious/Septic Arthritis,Diagno

8、sis: blood tests, bone scans, X-Rays, MRI, CT scans, Bone Biopsy Risk Factors: weakened immune system, diabetes, removed spleen, gonorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, immuno-depressant drugs 诊断:血液检查、骨扫描、x射线、MRI、CT扫描,骨活检 风险因素:免疫系统低下, 糖尿病,切除脾脏,淋病、风湿性关节炎、免疫抑制药物,.,12,Infectious/Septic Arthritis,Treatment: Tr

9、eat infection: antibiotics, antiviral drugs Drain fluid around joint Surgery 治疗: 治疗感染:抗生素、抗病毒药物清除关节腔积液 手术,.,13,Gout,Description: High concentration of urate crystals in blood Symptoms: inflammation/tenderness, pain, redness Diagnosis: Urine Tests, Blood Tests 描述:高浓度的血液中尿酸盐晶体 症状:炎症和肿胀,疼痛,红肿 诊断:尿液化验,血

10、液化验,.,14,Gout,Risk Factors:Excessive alcohol consumption, High BP, Diabetes, High cholesterol, Genetics, Age, Gender (male) Treatment: Medication: NSAIDS, corticosteroids, uric acid lowering medications Adjust diet and alcohol consumption 风险因素:过度饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇、遗传、年龄、性别(男性) 治疗: 药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药、糖皮质激素,降低

11、尿酸药物调整饮食和饮酒,.,15,Pseudogout,Description: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate crystals in blood Symptoms: inflammation, tenderness, redness, joint pain Diagnosis: X-Rays, Joint fluid analysis 描述:焦磷酸钙二水物晶体的血液 症状:炎症、肿胀,发红、关节疼痛 诊断:x射线,关节液分析,.,16,Pseudogout,Risk Factors: Age, Genetic disorder, Excess iron in

12、 blood Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, Colchicine Joint Aspiration Rest 风险因素:年龄、遗传障碍,血液中多余的铁治疗: 药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药,秋水仙碱关节吸引术 休息,.,17,Torn/Strained Ligaments,Description: Stretched/Torn Ligaments (ligaments hold bones together in a joint) Symptoms: Pain, Swelling. Limited mobility, Diagnosis: Physical Exam

13、, X-Rays, MRI 描述:劳损/撕裂韧带 症状:疼痛、肿胀。活动受限 诊断:体检,x射线,核磁共振,.,18,Torn/Strained Ligaments,Risk Factors: Previous injury, “loose” ligaments Treatment: Rest Rehabilitation Medication: NSAIDS Surgery 风险因素:之前的受伤,“宽松”的韧带 治疗: 休息康复药物治疗:非甾体类抗炎药手术,.,19,Torn Cartilage,Description: torn cartilage Symptoms: instant pa

14、in, swelling, “locked” joint Diagnosis: Physical Exam, MRI 描述:软骨撕裂 症状:疼痛、肿胀、关节“锁定” 诊断:体检,核磁共振,.,20,Torn Cartilage,Risk Factors: none known Treatment: Rehabilitation Arthroscopic Surgery Invasive Surgery 风险因素:未知 治疗: 康复内窥镜手术侵入性手术,.,21,Tendinitis,Description: inflammation in tendon (tendon connects mus

15、cle to bone) Symptoms: gradually increasing pain, sore to touch, swelling, stiffness Diagnosis: Physical Exam, Medical/ Activity History, MRI, X-Rays 描述:肌腱炎症 (肌腱连接肌肉骨骼) 症状:逐渐增加疼痛、触摸痛、肿胀、僵硬诊断:体检、过去史/活动历史、MRI、x射线,.,22,Tendinitis,Risk Factors: repetitive tasks Treatment: Ice/Heat NSAIDS Surgery 风险因素:重复

16、的工作活动 治疗: 冷/热敷非甾体类抗炎药手术,.,23,Bursitis,Description: Swelling of the bursa Symptoms: Swell/Pain when pressure applied, pain, stiffness Diagnosis: Physical Exam, Medical History, Draw Bursa Fluid for testing 描述:滑囊肿胀 症状:膨胀/加压时疼痛,疼痛、僵硬 诊断:体检,病史,囊液化验,.,24,Bursitis,Risk Factors: Repetitive tasks; people who work on their knees (carpet layers, roofers, gardeners) Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, Corticosteroids Ice Drain extra fluids Surgery 风险因