英语语法词性和句子成分PPT演示课件.ppt

1、英语基础语法复习巩固,1,一、词性的分类,2,一、词性的分类,词类又叫词性（part of speech），英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。,1 名词 noun n. 2 代词 pronoun pron. 3 形容词 adjective adj. 4 副词 adverb adv. 5 动词 verb v. 6 数词 numeral num. 7 冠词 article art. 8 介词 preposition prep. 9 连词 conjunction conj. 10 感叹词 interjection interj.,3,其他词性缩写 c = 可数名词，countable n

2、oun的缩写 u = 不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写 pl = 复数，plural的缩写 vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写 vt = 及物动词，transitive verb的缩写,4,you 你 happy 高兴的 three 三 quickly 迅速地 student 学生 cut 砍、割 a 一个 at 在. and 和 oh 哦,pron. adj. num. adv. n. v. art. prep. conj. interj. (感叹词),Ex. Write down the part of speech of the follow

3、ing words:,5,十大词类 名词-表示人或事物的名称 形容词-表示人或事物的特征 副词-修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词 动词-表示动作或状态 代词-代替名词、数词 数词-表示数量或顺序 冠词-限制名词的意义 介词-表示名词、代词和其他词的关系 连词-连接词与词或句与句,6,二、英语句子成分,7,（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”,1. We often speak English in class. 2. Smoking does harm to the health. 3. The rich should help the poor. 4. I

4、t is necessary to master a foreign language.,主语的位置是？,1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。,8,Is your father a lawyer or a doctor ? Has she got a big flat ? Shall we have a swim with your friends ?,2. 疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,Sit down, please. Come in, please. 3. 祈使句中主语常省略,9,Gone are the days when farmers live in the poor hou

5、ses. No sooner had she given him a welcome than she went in to prepare him a meal. Only in this way can we solve the problem. There is a clock on the wall. Once there lived a king called Lear. There goes the bell!,倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,There be结构中主语在be动词之后,10,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（从句）,1. One-third i

6、s produced. 2. Running does good to the health. 3. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 4. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 5. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 6. The rich should help the poor. 7. It is necessary to master

7、 a foreign language. 8. We often speak English in class.,（不定式）,（名词化的形容词）,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,11,1. Honest is a fine quality of human beings and therefore we should not tell lies. 2. Help others is to help ourselves. 3. Do a lot of housework day and night made Catherine become weaker and weaker. 4

8、. Liuxiang got the first place in the 2004 Olympic Games shocked people all over the world. 5. In my opinion, visit universities is just a popular culture.,单句改错（只有一处错误）。,12,（二）谓语： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. She takes good care of her sick mother. 2、复合谓语： （1）情态动词+动词原形。 H

9、e can speak French very fluently. She doesnt seem to like dancing. （2）系动词+表语。 The film is interesting. He looked a bit excited.,13,6. It is warm here all the year round because Guangzhou located in the middle of Guangdong province. 7. To get prepared for the Asian Games, Guangzhou built 82 sports co

10、urts so far. 8. It not only have a lot of high-rise building, but is also famous for the scenic spots. 9. Can it attracts the tourists from home and abroad?,单句改错（只有一处错误）。,14,（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2. Please take them to the waiting room. 3. I

11、have three. 4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5. He pretended not to see me. 6. Mary enjoys playing the piano. 7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（名词化形容词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（从句）,15,（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） They elected

12、 him their monitor. We consider the answer wrong.,16,（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。 1. Yang Liwei is an astronaut. 2. Thats all I want to tell you. 3. Three times four is twelve. 4. The weather has turned warm. 5. The speech is exciting and the students are excited. 6. His hobby is playing foot

13、ball. 7. My job is to teach English. 8. Our teacher isnt in. He is out. 9. He is in good health. 10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.,17,系动词： 描述稳定状态：be 描述变化或结果：get, become, turn, grow, go, prove, fall 描述表象或感官效果：look, appear, seem, smell, taste, sound, feel, 描述持续状态：keep, stay, remain,18,（五

14、）定语：起修饰作用，翻译成“的” 1. He is a clever boy. 2. Your hair needs cutting. 3. Theres only one way to do it. 4. There is a baby girl. 5. We can not use sleeping pills at random. 6. The retired worker find life boring. 7. Thats the way to do it. 8. This is a map of China. 9. Can you help me to clean the room

15、 above. 10. The car thats parked outside is mine.,19,状语(副词)的位置： 1. She speaks French fluently. 2. I usually eat breakfast at home. 3. You neednt always help me. 4. He is always complaining. 5. The local people are very kind to the visitors. 6. The room is big enough to hold 80 people. 7. He never st

16、udies. Instead, he plays all day.,谓语(+宾语)后,频度副词位于被修饰动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。,被修饰词前(enough特殊),修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首,（六）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,20,1. How about meeting again at six? 2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4. Mr. Smith lives on the

17、third floor. 5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,状语的种类：,21,6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9. She works very hard though

18、she is old. 10. I am taller than he is.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,22,（七）补足语： 宾语补足语: 补充说明宾语，使句意完整。 1. His father named him Dongming. 2. They painted their boat white. 3. Please let him in. 4. The teacher advised the students to have a rest. 5. I see her entering a supermarket. 6. He just had

19、 his hair cut.,23,划分句子成份,1. The machine runs smoothly. 2. Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 3. They have set up a network of financial advice centre. 4. Mr. Chen, the director of Grade 3, is known for his humor. 5. The man went to the shop with all the money he had.,24,6. He left here at s

20、ix in the morning in order to catch the plane. 7. Our English teacher, Ms Wang, is very kind to us. 8. To our surprise, he has changed greatly. 9. It is not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break. 10. She was the second to enter the reading room.,25,11. His hair has turned gray, and lin

21、es have appeared on his face. 12. She is looking into the box. 13. Mr. Wu told us a funny story yesterday. 14. He bought me a pen. 15. We made him our monitor. 16. He asked me to help him out of the debt.,26,三、句子类型,按结构分 1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句,27,简单句: 由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。,All roads lead

22、to Rome. 1、一个主语和一个谓语动词 The teacher and the children are playing. 2、并列主语和一个谓语动词 He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out. 3、一个主语和并列谓语 Tom and Mary came and gave me a present. 4、并列主语和并列谓语,28,I . 简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+不及物动词： We work. 2、主语+系动词+表语： He is a student. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语： 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接

23、宾语+直接宾语) 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补),29,判断下列简单句的类型 (1) The problem is hard to solve. (2) The pen writes smoothly. (3) I showed him my old pictures. (4) Barking dogs seldom bite. (5) We enjoy ourselves this New Years Day this year. (6) Helens face turned red. (7) He admits his mistakes. (8) Mother cooked me a delicious meal. (9) I saw a cat running across the road. (10) New methods make the job easy.,30,Ex. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who