大学英语四级写作辅导3(模板及句型).ppt

1、2013年12月四级,作文辅导3,教学目标,1.四级作文选题题材及内容 2.作文类型 3.常用句型及模板 4. 词汇 5.变换句式练习,四级写作内容篇,题材现实性 四级写作的题材具有显著的现实性，基本可以分为两大类： 1. 贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生活的校园题材 2. 论及当前社会的现象、发展变化及进步的热点话题。,关于此类题材的近五年的真题作文列举如下： 1. Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags (2008. 12) 2. Spring Festival Gala on CCTV (2006. 12) 3 How Should Paren

2、ts Help Children to be Independent? （2010） 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该,社会热点话题,健康: 1身体健康 health: physical: keep fit; wellbeing (emotional/physical/psychological) 2008.12/2008.06/2007.12/98.06/93.01/91/90 2人的心理健康- psychologically, mentally :independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, con

3、fident, creative, sociable, selfish, isolated, conservative2009.12( 绿色校园不仅指绿色环境）/2007.12/2007.06参加社团缓解压力,教育与娱乐：,recreation, relax, entertainment; cultivate, foster, enlighten, give inspiration to ,motivate, expand ones horizon,促进学生身心发展：promote the students physical, intellectual and emotional develo

4、pment (well-rounded/ versatile) mould ones character; team spirit 2009.06(博物馆免费开放的目的）-2008.06（娱乐使人们受益）/2007.12(学生选课不同原因)/2007.06( 参加社团的好处)/2006.12( 看春晚),方便VS效率：,2008.12一次性塑料袋广泛使用/2002.06计算机普及程度/2002.01食堂服务/1994.01现代化交通工具发达./1991.01- 自行车在中国这样普及 2006.06学生自由选择教师方便学生,提高办学的效率,节省和浪费,save time/ money/ spac

5、e; economical, thrift; waste time/ money/ space; costly 2009.06博物馆作为教育资源/2008.12塑料袋使用/2004.01报考专业理由(人才浪费)2002.01-对食堂批评; 2000.01 上大学费用( taking a part-time jobease/alleviate family financial burden 1996.01双休日可能给大学生带来的问题 1998.01假冒伪劣商品对个人(浪费金钱),环境：,environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty, contamination,

6、detrimental to , sustainable development; 2009.12/2009.06公共设施环境维护（图片）/2008.12preserve environment/2007.06社团主要内容环保组织”heal the world” 2005.12校园是否对游客开放/1990.06-城市绿化,安全和危险：,safe, danger, risk2009.06(公共场所存在安全隐患)/2008.06/98.01假冒伪劣产品安全隐患/97.06大学生了解社会的必要性(社会的险恶,陷阱trap)/96.01双休日带来的问题travel;,经验：,working exper

7、ience, social experience, enter the society; practical experience; associate theory with practice; （interpersonal skills) 2007.12开设选修课目的/2007.06社团的好处: expand ones horizon; enlarge our knowledge;/2005.01具备胜任学生会主席的条件/2001.01-取得面试成功的因素/ 97.06大学生了解社会的必要性,个人权利与自由:,2007.12学生选课不同的原因 /2006.06允许学生选择老师(学生权利st

8、udent centered)/ 2004.01 报考专业理由,1.对比论述型 2.问题解决型 3.现象分析型 4.图表分析型 5.观点论证型 6.应用文类,作文类型,对比论述型,这类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁。通过论述相 反的两个观点，或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点，然后给出自己的见解和看法，是四级考试写作中最常见的作文形式 对立观点式 A有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ B有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ C我的看法 例如： Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (2005. 12) 1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热

9、点 2. 校园是否应对游客开放， 人们看法不同 3. 我认为。 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。 2. 也有人持不用的意见。 3. 我的看法和打算,模板 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. The

10、y consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X

11、 also may X 的有一个坏处。,二、 批驳观点式 A一个错误观点。 B 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。 There might be some element of truth in these

12、peoples belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。,真题实战 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of the top

13、ic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. 1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2.也有人持不同的意见， 3.我的看法和打算,对比论述型 范文欣赏,When it comes to the test of spoken English, peoples opinions differ. Many people believe that it

14、 is necessary to adopt such a test. For one thing, fluent speaking ability is badly needed in todays society that is experiencing reform and opening-up. For another, in a more competitive society such as ours today, fluent spoken English means more advantage you have to beat your rival in competing

15、for a position with much appeal to both of you. Some people, however, take a different attitude. They regard the test as being unnecessary. In their views, fluent spoken English does not necessarily mean a better job; sometimes, opportunity plays a more important role. Furthermore, many people do no

16、t use spoken English at all in their work. As far as I am concerned, I am really in favor of the test. On the one hand, it can encourage college students to try every means to improve their spoken English. On the other hand, college students will benefit endlessly in their future career if they can

17、speak fluent English. So I decide to make use of every opportunity to practice my spoken English, and surely it will do me much good.,对比论述模板 对比论述模板,问题解决型,问题解决型作文通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就该问题提出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。这种题型常见的结构模式是： 第一段：导言。描述现状、困难，提出问题。 第二段：方法。列举说明处理某事的方法或解决某个问题的途径。 第三段：评价、建议或个人选择。针对第二

18、段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出个人建议或选择，并简述理由。 本题型的写作重点在How,即解决办法。,真题实战 How to Succeed in a Job Interview? Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (gi

19、ven in Chinese) below. 1. 面试在求职中的作用 2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止、谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,With the development of our modern society, the interview is becoming more and more important in job-hunting. So it is of great importance for us to master skills on interview. On the one hand, if a job seeker can leave a good

20、 impression on the mind of the interviewer, he may be lucky enough to get the job competed for by many applicants. On the other hand, if the job hunter gives a poor performance during the interview, he is unlikely to stand a chance. To be successful in a job interview, we have figured out many ways

21、to make an excellent performance in an interview. First, the applicant ought to pay attention to his appearance and manner of speaking. Second, he is supposed to display his ability. Finally, a really impressive job seeker must convey a sense of self-confidence. In a word, if the interviewee display

22、s these characteristics and presents his most attractive qualities during the interview, the interviewer might make an on-the-spot decision to take him on. To sum up, the job interview is indeed important. It is high time for us to pay attention to the skills. Therefore, if the interviewee has made

23、full preparations for it and given a fairly confident and honest performance, his or her success can be ensured.,现象分析型,作文命题是关于某个社会现象或社会问题的，要求考生分析该问题所产生的原因或造成的后果。 例 On Students Selecting Lecturers (2006. 6) 1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师 2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题,社会问题（现象）式,A一个社会问题或者现象。 B 产生

24、的原因 C对社会和我们生活的影响 D 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） E 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况（或者是一个例子）。 There are a couple of reasons booming thiproblem/phenomenon. （下面

25、参照辩论式议论文的写法）X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects. （参照辩论式议论文的写法）A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.（ 参照辩论式议论文的写法。） Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast t

26、hat more and more people will .,Recently it is widely accepted that / Currently wherever you go, you will hardly fail to find that A is becoming increasingly popular. 现象现状. It brings benefits to us(积极现象)/it does great harm to us(消极现象)/ is a delicate problem worth of discussion(客观现象)中间段选择一(原因段)There

27、are several reasons accounting for it. for one thing,国家角度原因. for another,个人角度中间段选择二(影响段)The phenomenon results in the following consequences. for one thing,国家角度原因. for another,个人角度It is urgent/imperative/necessary that attention should be paid to the issue to do sth./ There is no denying that the te

28、ndency analyzed above will continue in the near future. firstly, 国家建议. Secondly, 个人建议. With proper laws and alert public, it will become a past as a matter of time.( 消极现象)/ With proper laws and alert public, it will be carried on in a good way. (积极或客观现象),图表分析型,图表作文的命题形式是根据图画或者图表，要求考生用简洁、生动的语言把图表中所提供

29、的信息准确、完整地表达出来。然后进行分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。图表作文是一种信息的转换。也就是说，写图表作文时，首先要以题目中的要求为指导，审慎读图，准确把握图表传达的信息，将其扩展成文。图表作文往往是以说明为主，图表中的数据是为了说明某个问题而提供的，只要问题能阐释清楚，就不必面面俱到地把所有数据都在文章中引用出来。考生要切忌毫无目的地引用图表中的数据。引用数据过多的同学往往得分很低。 二、图表作文的段落设计 1. 开头段-说明该图表反映的概况，选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述； 2. 中间段-对数据进行仔细地分析比较，归纳出增减速率，找出产生变化的原因； 3. 结尾段-写出看完

30、图表后的想法或评论，得出自己的结论。,四 图表式作文 It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of (多少). What is the reason for this change? M

31、ainly there are (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一个原因). More importantly, (第二个原因). Most important of all, (第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table

32、 will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).,图表分析型,上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化； 请说明发生这些变化的原因 （可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）； 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。,图表分析型,（1）The chart shows that students are now spending much more time on the computer, from

33、 one hour to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. (2)It is self-evident that it increases sharply to twenty hours in the year of 2000. (3) Three possible reasons contribute to this phenomenon. (4) One reason is that most college students now can afford a personal computer due to the sharp decline

34、in its price. (5) Another reason is that they find the computer a wonderful thing to have fun with. (6) For instance, they can chat through QQ or playing games online. (7) Whats more, from Internet, they can learn things much more quickly than simply from reading books so that they can secure a good

35、 job in the future. (8) As a result, all these lead to much more time spent on using computers. (9) However, in my opinion, there are some complaints from both teachers and students. (10) For one thing, students complain about the less availability of computers and slow speed of the network. (11) Fo

36、r another, some teachers worry that the much more time spent playing computer games or surfing online will lead students to ignore their studies and even do cheating instead of doing research by their own. (12) To sum up, in spite of problems concerning the use of computer, computer is still of more

37、 merits than defects.,应用文类型,四级考试中的应用文一般会给出一个特定的情景，要求考生根据该情景写一封短信、倡议书或演说词等。 应用文涉及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近, 主要包括：投诉信、求职信、求学信、拒绝信、道歉信、感谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、求职信、演说辞、倡议书、海报、景点介绍和日程安排等。 从历年真题来看，应用文的考查以信函为主，但近几年也常涉及其他类型，如倡议书、景点介绍等。,应用文类型,【常用句式】 （1） I would like to suggest that/ I am writing with my suggestion/ proposa

38、l about/ I am writing to express my views concerning 我想建议。/ 我写信来想就一事提出我的建议。/ 我写信来表达我关于的看法。 (2) You have asked me for my advice with regard to and I will try to make some conducive suggestions. 关于你让我提一些建议，我尽量提一些有益的建议。 (3) I feel that it would be beneficial if 我觉得如果将会很有好处。 (4) If I were you, I would 如

39、果我是你，我将 (5) It would seem to me that you could . 在我看来，你可以,应用文类型,(6) As you may agree that 或许你会同意。 (7) I hope you will find these suggestions/ proposals/ recommendations helpful/ practical/ useful. 我希望你会觉得这些意见/提议/建议是有帮助的/实际的/有用的。 (8) I trust you will take my suggestion into account. 我相信你会考虑我的建议的。 (9)

40、 I would be more than happy to see improvements in this regard. 我会很高兴看到这方面的改善。 (10) I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details. 我会准备好与你进一步详谈此事。,应用文类型 范文欣赏,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admissio

41、n to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 建议报考的专业级理由 报考该专业的基本条件 应当如何报考,应用文类型,A Letter in Reply to a Friend December 27, 2008 Dear Tom, I am very pleased to know that you are going to apply for admission to one university. It

42、 has been several years since we parted last time, and soon we will probably meet again. In my opinion, you should major in English. On one hand, English is a very popular major at our university and we have modern teaching methods and prestigious professors. On the other hand, you seem to have a gi

43、ft for language learning and you are really good at English. As to the preparation for applying for the English major of our university, I suggest you pay more attention to spoken English. If you make a good performance in oral test, you will have the priority. It is unnecessary for you to be nervou

44、s. In addition, when making preparation you should do more model tests. I am sure you will succeed in the exam. Please inform me if there is something I can do for you. I am looking forward to meeting you on our campus. Sincerely yours, Li Ming,常用句型,开篇句型六大法,1.对立法： When asked about _, the vast/ overw

45、helming majority of people say that_. But I think/view a bit differently that_. Now it is commonly/widely believed that_. They claim/believe/ argue that_. But I wonder/doubt whether_.,开篇句型六大法,2.现象法 Recently, the rise in the problem/phenomenon of _ has aroused public/popular/wide concern. Recently th

46、e issue of _ has been brought into focus/ brought to public attention.,开篇句型六大法,3.观点法 History never has the change of _as evident as_. Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of _being more visible/popular than_. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/b

47、e aware that_.,开篇句型六大法,4.引用法 “_”is the remark made by_. It has been shared by more and more people. “_” How often we hear such statements/words as these.,开篇句型六大法,5.比较法 For years，_have been viewed as_. But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing_, people_. People used to think that_. (In

48、 the past,_.) But now people share a new idea of _.,开篇句型六大法,6.问题法 Should/What_? Options of _vary greatly: some _,while others _.But in my opinion,_.,开头常用句型： 现象式、提问式、引言式 1. 现象式 (1) As society develops, people are attaching more and more importance to How to Succeed in a Job Interview Your View on Tak

49、ing Postgraduate Entrance Exam,the interview during job hunting,a master degree,(2) Nowadays, with people attach great importance to Economy and Environmental Protection The Development of Life-Long Education,the rapid development of economy,with the rapid development of society,environmental Protec

50、tion,life-long Education.,has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to day life. Your View on Learning through the net Advantage and disadvantage of Private Cars,Online education,Private cars,(4) Along with more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that Th

51、e disadvantages of Cheating in Examination (5) There are a growing number of people who show concern about the problem of Youngsters Addiction to Internet.,the development of education,cheating in exams has become more and more serious.,net bars.,(6) With the development of economy, great changes ha

52、ve taken place in state the changes in peoples diet (饮食) in the past five years;,Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meet 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruitbeneficial, advantageous, helpful; excellent, outstanding; Bad:undesirable/mindless/worthless;harmf

53、ul, baneful, detrimental Lots ofa host of , a vast number of(可数名词），a great deal of , a vast amount of ( 不可数名词）-substantial; considerable; heaps of Importantcrucial, vital, significant, key;indispensable/integral;,desire 替换want pour attention into 替换pay attention to bear in mind that 替换remember 促进/提高

54、/增强/改善 give a boost to/enhance/motivate/ better/ promote 角色与功能 Play an important( active, major, central, crucial, essential, integral, prominent, vital) rolePlay a big part-Take a leading part,允许与阻止,Makepossible电脑的使用促使人们在家上班: The use of computers and other high-tech office equipment has made it pos

55、sible for more people to work from home. Enable, encourage, entitle 谈中国的老年人如何受到社会的尊重适用于个人/社会类话题 In China, respect for senior citizens is shown in the fact that they are entitled to many public services free of charge.,Stop, keep, prevent, prohibit,太多的学业压力对学生的负面影响 Too much academic pressure deprives

56、young students of the opportunity to take part in any extracurricular activities and prevent them from enjoying their school years. (hinder-obstructhedge) Deprive privilege/shelter/pension/compensate/courtesy;,more and more- Increasing (ly), growing increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. sth has

57、gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.,非常地exceedingly/extremely/greatly/remarkably/significantly/ utterly 在当代-In contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age 就我而言in my opinion-for my part ,from my own perspective 破坏-Destroy; undermine

58、; jeopardize; devastate; 支持观点-be for/convince/insist/voice a support for/vote for) (win) 反对观点-argue against/ combat/ disagree with/disregard/oppose),Transformchange(应用: 科技改变我们的生产和生活方式, 环境变化教育思路取消文理分科,通才教育generalist); Preserve/protect-natural resources or old buildings-demolishtear down 解决: Solve, de

59、al with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle( economic crisis, deteriorated environment, shortages of water, unemployment, traffic jams.; 培养:Develop, cultivate, foster, culture( educationcultivate the spirit of independence,认为：maintain, assert, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, 消除 ：Elimina